Zotsatira za Casimir

Pafupifupi zaka 50 zapitazo, Heinrich Casimir anapeza kuti pakamwa pakati pa malo awiri pali mphamvu inayake yokopa. Mphamvu iyi ikhoza kupanga kusintha kwenikweni kwa sayansi.

Ngati titenga zojambula ziwiri ndikuziika mu malo opanda pake, chokopa chimayambira pakati pawo, chifukwa chotsitsikana pakati pawo. Chodabwitsa ichi chinapezeka ndi Casimir mu 1948, pamene anali kuchita zofukufuku ku sayansi ku Eindhoven. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa zotsatira za Casimir, ndipo mphamvu yomwe imayambira pakati pazionetsero ziwiri ndizo mphamvu ya Casimir.

Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti zotsatira za Casimir sizongopeka chabe. Komabe, posachedwa pakhala chidwi chowonjezeka pa zochitika izi. Anapezeka kuti mphamvu ya Casimir imakhudza kwambiri njira zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo chifukwa cha momwe zipangizo zamakono zimapitira patsogolo, mphamvuyi ikhoza kuwerengedwa ndi kuwonjezeka.

Zotsatirazi zingakhale zokhudzana ndi fizikia yamtengo wapatali. Pali malingaliro ambiri, malinga ndi zomwe zimaonjezeredwa kutalika kwa mfundo khumi-dimensional ndi eleven-dimensional. Malingana ndi ziphunzitso izi, pali kusiyana kwina kuchokera ku mphamvu yakuya ya Newton pamtunda kupita ku tizigawo ting'onong'onoting'ono ta millimeter. Choncho, poyesa zotsatira za zotsatira za Casimir, munthu akhoza kutsimikizira deta ya hypothesis.

Kuphunzira za Casimir colloidal solutions

Pogwira ntchito ku malo osayansi ku Eindhoven, Kazimir adafufuza zomwe zimakhalapo pamagulu oyenera. Izi ndizomwe zili ndi ndondomeko yapamwamba ya viscosity, yomwe ili ndi particles ndi kukula kwa micron. Zida zawo zimatanthawuza mphamvu za Van der Waals - izi ndizokongola kwambiri zomwe zimachitika pakati pa mamolekyumu ndi maatomu omwe salowerera nawo mbali.

Anzake a Casimir, Theo Overbeck, adanena kuti chiphunzitso cha Fritz London pofotokoza mphamvu za van der Waals sichikhoza kupereka chiwerengero choyenera cha deta. Anapempha Kasimir kuti agwire ntchitoyi pavutoli. Casimir anapeza kuti n'zosatheka kufotokozera bwino momwe mgwirizano umagwirizanirana pakati pa ma molekyulu awiri osalowerera ndale, omwe amachititsa kuti liwiro likhale lopitirira.

Zitatha izi, wasayansi adanena kuti zotsatirazi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati tiganizire kusintha kwa atomu. Kusinthasintha ndi mawu omwe amasonyeza mitundu yonse yosinthasintha ndi kusintha kwa nthawi. Ndiye asayansi ankaganiza kuti m'malo mwa ma molekyulu awiri, ziwonetsero ziwiri zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa, zomwe zikanatembenuzirana wina ndi mzake powonetsera mbali. Kotero iye ananeneratu mphamvu ya kukopa komwe kulipo pakati pa mbale zotengera.

Kusintha kwa Casimir

Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha zowonjezereka, kupuma sikutanthauza kuti palibe cholakwika. Kawirikawiri imayang'ana kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu - pafupifupi particles ndi antiparticles amabadwa ndi kufa. Iwo amatha kupanikizika. Chodabwitsa chimenechi chinatchedwa "static Casimir effect." Zinatsimikiziridwa ndi mayesero. Komabe, pali zochitika zenizeni zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira za Casimir - kusinthika kwa kusinthasintha kwazomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwenikweni (mwachitsanzo, photons). Izi zakhala zikuwonedwa ndi asayansi.

Ndi mphamvu ya Casimir, magalasi ankayenera kusokoneza, ndipo liwiro lawo liyenera kufanana ndi liwiro la kuwala. Kwa izi, akatswiri a sayansi yafizinesi amayenera kukhazikitsa zitsulo mu mphamvu yamaginito. Mlingo wa kuchotsedwa kwa munda uwu unali maulendo mabiliyoni khumi ndi awiri pamphindi. Malowa anayamba kuwonongeka pa liwiro lomwe linali la 5% la kuwala, ndipo maonekedwe a photoni analembedwa pa zotsatira. Poganizira zinthu za photons, zikhoza kutsutsidwa kuti iwo anauka awiriawiri.