Kodi gawo la fizikia ndi chiyani?

Mau oyamba

Inu munapita ku kalasi yachisanu ndi chiwiri ndipo, pobwera kusukulu pa September 1, munawona mndandanda wa maphunziro awo chinthu chomwe chiri ndi dzina lakuti "Physics". Pa funso lanu ponena za mtundu wanji wa nyama, makolo amangoti: "Sayansi ndi yofanana ndi imeneyo!" Koma musanayambe phunziro loyamba mufizikiki, mukufuna kukonzekera bwino, kuti panthawi yophunzira musadabwe ndi chirichonse. Monga aliyense akudziwira, sayansi yagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, ndipo zomwe tafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi sizomwezo. Ndi magawo ati a filosofi omwe alipo ndipo amaphunzira chiyani? Umu ndi mmene funsoli likulirilira.

Gawo Lalikulu la Physics

Chida ichi chagawidwa mu zigawo zitatu zazikulu, zomwe zigawanika, zigawidwa m'magawo. Ndipo zoterezi zimasiyanitsa ndizo zigawozi. Kotero, pali magawo atatu okha a fizikilo omwe angatchedwe ofunika: zazikuluzikulu, zazikulu ndi zafikiliya pamtunda wa sayansi. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa iwo mu dongosolo.

1. Zojambula zamakono

• Mankhwala. Amaphunzira kuyenda ndi kugwirizana kwa matupi. Zimagawidwa mu classic, relativistic ndi mechanics ya opitilira media (hydrodynamics, acoustics, solid-state mechanics).
• Thermodynamics. Amaphunzira kusintha ndi maubwenzi a kutentha ndi mitundu ina ya mphamvu.
• Optics. Amalingalira zochitika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufalikira kwa mafunde a magetsi opangira magetsi (ie infrared and ultraviolet radiation), i.e. Amafotokoza zinthu za kuwala ndi kuwala. Amagawidwa m'thupi, maselo, osinthana ndi kristal optics.
• Electrodynamics. Amaphunzira gawo lamagetsi ndi magwiridwe ake ndi matupi omwe ali ndi magetsi. Gawo lino lagawidwa mu electrodynamics ya mauthenga opitilira, magnetohydrodynamics ndi electrohydrodynamics.

2. Sayansi ya Microscopic

• Atomiki physics. Iye akuphunzira dongosolo ndi ma atomu.
• Mafilimu otchedwa Static. Amaphunzira machitidwe ndi madigiri angapo ochepa. Zimagawidwa m'makina ozungulira, ziphunzitso zowonongeka komanso za kinetics.
• Mafilosofi okhudzidwa. Amaphunzira khalidwe la zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito pophatikizana kwambiri. Amaperekedwa kwa fizikiki ya zolimba, zamadzimadzi, zowonjezera, ma atomu ndi ma molekyulu.
• Matenda a Quantum. Amaphunzira kuchuluka kwa malo ndi zowonjezereka komanso malamulo a kayendedwe kawo. Amagawidwa m'zinthu zamakono, masewera a masewera, electrodynamics ndi chromodynamics, komanso ndondomeko yachingwe.
• Sayansi ya nyukiliya. Iye akuphunzira za katundu ndi dongosolo la atomiki nuclei ndi machitidwe a nyukiliya.
• Mphamvu zapamwamba zamagetsi. Amaona kugwirizana kwa mtima wa maatomu ndi / kapena mapiritsi a pulasitiki, pamene mphamvu yawo ya kugunda ikuposa misala yawo.
• Physics of elementary particles. Amaphunzira katundu, zomangamanga ndi zogwirizanitsa za zigawo zapachiyambi.

3. Fizikiya pamphambano ya sayansi

• Agrophysics. Iye akuphunzira zochitika zamagetsi ndi zamoyo zomwe zimachitika m'nthaka.
• Acoustooptics. Amaphunzira kuyanjana kwa mafunde amphamvu komanso opaka.
• Astrophysics. Kuchita nawo phunziro la zochitika zakuthupi zikupezeka mu zinthu zakuthambo.
• Biophysics. Amaphunzira zomwe zimachitika m'zinthu zamoyo.
• Computational physics. Amaphunzira njira zamakono zothetsera mavuto mufizikiki, zomwe mfundo yowonjezera yakhazikitsidwa kale.
• Hydrophysics. Iye akuphunzira kuphunzira zomwe zimachitika m'madzi, ndi zakuthupi zake.
• Geophysics. Kufufuza momwe mapangidwe a dziko lapansi amagwirira ntchito.
• Mathematical physics. Chiphunzitso cha masamu a zochitika zakuthupi.
• Radiophysics. Amaphunzira njira zowonongeka.
• Chiphunzitso cha kusuntha. Kuganizira zonse zomwe zingatheke kusinthasintha, zomwe zimachokera ku thupi lawo.
• Chiphunzitso cha mphamvu zodabwitsa. Kuchuluka kwa masamu, okonzedwa kuti aphunzire ndi kufotokoza kusintha kwa machitidwe mu nthawi.
• Mankhwala am'thupi. Sayansi ya malamulo a thupi omwe amachititsa kusintha ndi kupanga mankhwala.
• Physics ya m'mlengalenga. Iye akuphunzira mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, mphamvu, ndi zochitika mu mlengalenga wa Dziko ndi mapulaneti ena.
• Plasma physics. Amaphunzira katundu ndi khalidwe la plasma.
• Zomera zakuthupi. Iye akuphunzira zochitika zamagetsi ndi chithandizo cha njira za filosofi ndi zoyesera.

Kutsiliza

Izi ndizigawo zonse zafizikiki. Ndi ena mwa iwo (mwachitsanzo, optics) mudzadziŵa zambiri mu sukulu, ndipo ena adzaphunzira ku sukuluyi ngati mutalowa mu faculty ndi dzina lomwelo. Ndipo mukuphunzira mozama gawo la fizikika lomwe mungathe kunyumba panthawi iliyonse yabwino.