Mphindi

Mundolo (Latin Apodemus agrarius) ndi nyama yaing'ono yokhala ndi bulauni kapena mdima wakuda ndi mimba imvi. Voley ali ndi makutu akuluakulu, ndipo kumbuyo kumayambira mdima wandiweyani. Thupi la mbewa - mpaka 15 masentimita, ndipo mchira pamtunda ndi chimodzimodzi ndi thupi, kapena pang'ono.

Munda wamunda umakhala m'madera akuluakulu, dera limodzi limakhala lalikulu mamita 10. M, imakhala ndi mpumulo 44, mpaka 10 zisa ndi zakudya zokwana 20. Kwa mwezi umodzi mwamuna amatulutsa pafupifupi makilogalamu 60 a nthaka.

Ngakhale kuti palibe vuto lililonse, chinyama ichi chimapereka mavuto ambiri kwa munthu komanso oyandikana naye kuchokera ku zinyama. Munda mbewa ndi mdani wa ziphuphu zomwe zimakhala pamtunda, chifukwa zimawononga zisa zawo pakudya uchi ndi mphutsi.

Habitat

Mundawu umakhala wamba ku Ukraine, kumalo a ku Ulaya omwe kale anali a USSR, ndipo amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Siberia, kum'maŵa kwa Kazakhstan ndi ku Far East.

Polesie ndi Carpathians, m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Azov ndi Black Sea, kuwonjezera pa madera ouma a steppes a Prisivash, ndi malo omwe voles amamva bwino. Mu nkhalango zing'onozing'ono, makamaka m'misasa ndi perelesitsah, pali ambiri monga mbewa za m'nkhalango.

Kufalikira kumadzulo kwa Carpathians, nthawi zambiri amatha kusonkhanitsa kumunda kapena kumtunda, kukwera pamwamba pa nyanja kufika mamita 1350. Kumalo omwe amasankha kuti akhalemo, mbewa zam'munda zimakonda kumakhala pamalo otentha kwambiri. Izi zili pafupi ndi malo odyetserako namsongole ndi madera, omwe amadzala ndi namsongole m'madera olima. Mwachangu, mimba imakhazikika m'minda yamphesa, minda ya zipatso, pamphepete mwazomera zakuda, mumtsinje.

Mabokosiwa samatulutsa phokoso lozama, koma nthawi yaitali amatha kukhala pakati pa mizu ndi mitengo. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewa zam'munda zimaphatikizana mu udzu ndipo zimabisa pansi pa masamba ogwa m'minda ndi perelesitsah. Nthaŵi zina amalowa m'nyumba ndi nyumba zachuma komanso m'mizere. Munda wa mbewa ukugwira ntchito tsiku lonse, koma nthawi zambiri umapezeka usiku. M'nyengo yozizira ya hibernation voles sizinama, chaka chonsecho ndi maso.

Momwe Mlimi Amadyetsera

Pafupifupi chaka chonse, mbalamezi zimadyetsa masamba ndi masamba, komanso mbewu za udzu, zipatso ndi tirigu pakubzala mikate. Kawirikawiri zakudya zawo zili ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, mphutsi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kubalanso

Nthawi ya kubereka mwakhama ndi masika. Kuchotsa ana, munda wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakonza pazitali zakuya (kwinakwake masentimita 20, nthawi zina mozama) chipinda cha chisa, chomwe chimaphimbidwa ndi udzu wouma ndi udzu wouma. Zinyumba zingapo zimatsogolera pamwamba pa chipinda cha chisa. Kawirikawiri, mbewa zimakonzeranso zisa zapansi pansi pa miyala, pansi pa milu ya udzu komanso m'mabusa ena.

Chaka chonse, mbewa zamunda zimafika mpaka malita anayi, omwe ali ndi ana asanu mpaka asanu ndi atatu. Nthawi yokhala ndi mimba ndi masiku 22 ndi kupumula pakati pa malita pafupifupi miyezi iŵiri mu nyengo yofunda. Nkhumba zimabereka kwathunthu zopanda phindu, zamaliseche, zakhungu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amakula mwakhama ndikukula, amadzazidwa msanga ndi nthawi yochepa, ndipo m'zaka khumi zapitazo zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi akuluakulu. Manyowa a milungu isanu ndi atatu ayamba kale kugwira nawo ntchito kufunafuna chakudya. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri ndi theka, mchenga umayamba kuchuluka.

Kuvulaza

Gnawing makungwa, wobiriwira amawombera m'mitengo ndi mitengo ya zipatso, minda yamunda imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa horticulture ndi nkhalango, ndipo m'zaka zomwe zimayenera kubereka, zambiri zimapangidwira kuti n'zovuta kulingalira za kuwonongeka kwa mbeu (rye, tirigu, chimanga ndi Zina), mphukira wobiriwira ndi tirigu wakucha.

Mu chilengedwe, mbewa zam'munda zili ndi adani ambiri: amazisaka ndi nkhandwe, mafosholo, ferrets ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya, nthawi zambiri ziphuphu.