Area, chuma, chipembedzo, anthu a Afghanistan. nambala ya Afghanstan anthu kachulukidwe

Afghanistan mwina mmodzi wa dziko kwambiri adabvutika Masiku ano. Nzika za dziko lililonse si zinthu ngati mavuto kwambiri aona pa zaka zapitazi 40 anthu ake. Afghanistan, ngakhale zaka zambiri nkhondo, ali ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi nzika kupitiriza kuyang'ana ndi chiyembekezo m'tsogolo. Tiuzeni zambiri zimene anthu a m'dzikoli.

malo Geographical ndi madera

Musanayambe kukumana ndi anthu a boma, muyenera kupeza imene zinthu Hrs alipo.

M'dera la dera la Afghanistan ndi 652,9 zikwi sq M.. Km, umene uli waukulu 41 TH mu dziko. boma lili dera, amene zambiri zimachitika ku Central Asia. Dziko alibe kubwereketsa kwa nyanja. The malire a kumpoto cha Afghanistan anakumana ndi Turkmenistan, Tajikistan ndi Uzbekistan kum'mawa anansi ake ndi China, kum'mwera - Pakistan ndi India, ndi ku West - Iran. Likulu - Kabul.

Afghanistan ali ndi mtunda ambiri lamapiri. nyengo chokhala ndi subtropical, amene amakhala ndi nyengo ndi yozizira ndi yotentha.

A mwachidule mbiri

Tiyeni tsopano onani mwachidule mbiri ya anthu okhala Afghanistan. Kuyambira kale m'dera la Afghanistan makono gawo maufumu osiyanasiyana: ndi Achaemenids, boma Aleksandra Makedonskogo, etc. Posachedwapa, dziko lakhala phata la ufumu Kushan, kenako Ephtalites (White Huns), ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira makolo wa Pashtuns - anthu amakono a Afghanistan .. .

Ndiye, mu theka lachiwiri la VII atumwi, izo zinayambira nyengo Chisilamu mu mbiri ya dziko, limene likugwirizana adzagonjetsa Arab. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa dera la Afghanistan anayamba kudutsa Turkey. Kenako anakhala pakati pa wamphamvu Ghaznavid Ufumu Ghurid. Koma pambuyo Mongol kugonjetsa m'zaka XIII pa dera la Afghanistan kwa nthawi yaitali panalibe boma palokha.

Kuyambira cha m'ma XVI, dera la kumadzulo kwa Afghanistan anali mbali ya boma aku Iran Safavid, ndi kum'mawa, pamodzi ndi Kabul, anali inalowa mu Ufumu wa Wamkulu Mughals likulu lake ku India. Pomaliza, mu 1747 ndi Pashtun Ahmad Shah Durrani anayambitsa palokha Afghanstan boma, lomwe anapeza dzina la Durrani Ufumu. likulu la boma anali oyamba Kandahar ndipo kenako Kabul. Izo anakwanitsa kuwonjezera ulamuliro wake osati lonse la Afghanistan, komanso gawo la Iran ndi India.

Kuyambira 1838 panayamba nkhondo Anglo-Afghanstan. Cholinga chake chinali kukhazikitsa protectorate British pa Afghanistan. zolinga zofanana anali ndi Russian Ufumu. Pa mkangano pakati pa maiko awiri, UK anatha ngakhale yochepa kukhazikitsa protectorate pa emirate la Afghanistan, koma pambuyo Chachitatu Anglo-Afghanstan nkhondo, ku Central Asia boma akhoza amanena ufulu.

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1929, ndi Emirate la Afghanistan anayamba kutchedwa ufumu. Koma mu 1973 Mafumu linathetsedwa ndi kulanda boma la. Mu 1978 panali kulanda boma latsopano, chifukwa cha zomwe gulu anadza kwa mphamvu ya chikominisi, atatsamira, ovomereza-Soviet. Mu 1979, iye anapempha thandizo la asilikali ku Soviet Union polimbana ndi adani. Popeza mosalekeza ku Afghanistan ndi nkhondo.

Mu 1989, asilikali a Soviet anali kudzipatula kwa dziko, ndi ulamuliro chikominisi anagwa atangobadwa. Tidafika zopangira adani ake, amene ankatsogoleredwa ndi mayiko a azungu. Koma nkhondo sanaime. Mutu anakweza mphamvu Islamist wa Taliban. Ndi 1997, ankalamulira Kabul ndi zambiri za dziko. Kuukira nyumba zosanja zitalizitali ku New York pa September 11, 2001 ndiponso kusunga Taliban Osama bin akatundu, kulinganiza anapereka chonamizira alowe asilikali US ndi anzawo ku Afghanistan.

Ngakhale kuti magulu Mgwirizano, ndi Taliban anaponyedwa mu m'madera akumidzi dziko ndi Afghanistan unachitikira chisankho demokalase mokulira nkhondo ndi kupitirirabe.

anthu

Tsopano tiyeni tipeze zingati a anthu Afghanistan.

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zinali m'malo zovuta nzika za kalembera ndi chifukwa cha maudani yopitilira, nthawi yotsiriza imene ilo sanawerengere kalekale - mu 2013. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wake, chiwerengero cha anthu Afghanstan ndi anthu 31.108.000. chizindikiro ichi akutenga malo makumi anai mu dziko. Back mu 2009 chiwerengero cha anthu anakwana miliyoni 28,4.

kachulukidwe wa anthu

Kudziwa malo a dziko, ndipo n'kosavuta osalimba a anthu a Afghanistan. Mu 2013 izo anakwana 43,5 anthu / sq M.. Km.

Yerekezerani chizindikiro chomwecho mu Russia ndi anthu 8,56 / sq. Km. Km.

mtundu zikuchokera

Komanso pa malo a mitundu ndi zinenero anagawa anthu? Afghanistan - m'malo osiyanasiyana pa nkhani imeneyi, dziko limene lili wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuko ndi mitundu.

Anthu ochuluka kuposa Afghanistan, mosakayikira, ndi Pashtuns. Kwenikweni, pamene mawu akuti "Afghanstan" ntchito m'njira yopapatiza ya mawu, zikutanthauza iwo basi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha Pashtuns ku Afghanistan chimachititsa 39-42% ya chonse cha anthu. Komanso, pali kuthetsa yokulirapo ya mtundu umenewu mu Pakistan ndi Iran. chilankhulo Pashtun kulankhulana ndi Chipashito - boma chinenero Afghanistan, umene ndi wa gulu East-aku Iran.

The dziko wachiwiri kukula mitundu gulu ndi Tajiks, kapena farsiwan. nawo anthu a Afghanistan ndi 25-30%. chilankhulo chawo - Dari, amenenso wa gulu aku Iran. chilankhulo ndi boma wachiwiri Afghanistan, komanso njira kulankhulana interethnic pakati pa anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Wachitatu kwambiri gulu la anthu Afghanistan - Uzbeks. Iwo amapanga 6-9% ya chiwerengero cha dziko lonse. chilankhulo Chiuzibeki, mosiyana ndi m'mbuyomo awiri, wa gulu Turkic.

Komanso, magulu kwambiri mitundu ali mu Afghanistan Khazarians, Pavel, aimaq anthu, Turkmenians, Nuristanis, pamiris, Beludzhi, Brahui, gurjar, Kirghizes, Qyzylbashs ndi Afshar.

chipembedzo

Pa kukhulupirira anthu Afghanstan? Chipembedzo ali ndi udindo kwambiri moyo wa dziko. Ndipo moyo wachipembedzo anapereka zothandiza chikhulupiriro - Islam. Iwo amati oposa 99% ya anthu. Pafupifupi 80% amatsatira Sunni (makamaka hanafit sukulu), ndi 18% - Shia. Udindo wa Islam mu moyo wa dziko anasonyeza mfundo imene mwalamulo wotchedwa Republic Chisilamu la Afghanistan. Mu ulamuliro wa Taliban, ngakhale dziko ankakhala pansi pa lamulo Sharia, amene kwakukulukulu linaphwanya Declaration za ufulu ndi kumasulika.

Koma Islam m'zipembedzo ankaimira Afghanistan? chiwerengero cha anthu akuvomereza mpingo wachikhristu mu dziko lili ndi anthu 30 000. Iwo makamaka Achiprotestanti, amenenso ali nzika yachilendo. Komanso, Afghanistan, pali nthumwi za zipembedzo izi: Ahindu, Baha'is, Azolowasita Chishiite, koma zambiri anthu yaing'ono. Afghanistan motero - dziko la chisilamu.

boma Economy

Kumene, boma, wapabanja kwa zaka zambiri ndi nkhondo, sakhoza kukhala amphamvu ndi khola chuma. Pa nthawi, dziko lili pa malo 219th mawu a GDP pa munthu wa anthu, ndiye munthu wa wosaukitsitsa mdziko. Makamaka ndi dziko ulimi, chimabala tirigu, zipatso, ubweya ndi zina zotero D. Makampani anayamba mwachilungamo ofooka..

Komabe, palibe zochitika chiyembekezo, ndipo amafuna anthu eni. Afghanistan ndi pakati dziko kwa kupanga mankhwala, kuchititsa ndithu nkhawa mabungwe osiyanasiyana UN.

dziko Mtsogolo

Kotero, ife tafotokozeramu m'mbuyomu ndi pano pa dziko monga Afghanistan. Area, anthu, chuma ndi nkhani zina zinakambidwa ndi ife. Koma zimene zidzachitike boma m'tsogolo? Yankho la funso limeneli ndi m'malo ovuta ndipo kumatengera zifukwa zambiri. Koma tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti popanda kutha wathunthu wa maudani ku Afghanistan ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa pa boma zonse m'gawo lake tsogolo khola kwa dziko n'zosatheka.

Tikukhulupirira, onse chimodzimodzi posachedwapa Afghanistan padzakhala mtendere.