Kujambula ndi chiyani? Kujambula pojambula muzojambula

Kupanga mafilimu muzojambula ndi njira yopangira chojambula chikhalidwe cha mtundu wina. Mu zojambulajambula, mothandizidwa ndi njira iyi, zinthu kapena ziwerengero zimapeza mawonekedwe osavuta. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu nyimbo ndi mabuku. Kujambula zithunzi kumapangitsa kuti zojambulazo zikhale zomveka komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangidwanso mkati.

Ndi chiyani?

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone chomwe chikhalidwe chiri. Mawu awa amasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki ngati "wandolo kwa kulemba". M'kupita kwa nthawi, idapeza tanthauzo losiyana, logwirizana ndi lingaliro laumwini ndi zojambula za umunthu wolenga. Mwachidule, lingaliro limeneli limagwirizanitsidwa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana mu luso, ndi chikhalidwe cha nthawi zosiyana. Kujambula ndikutengera, kukongoletsera. Mwachitsanzo, m'mabuku mungasinthe ndakatulo kwa fosholo. Anthu amtunduwu ndi olemba mauthenga amatha kuchita monga momwe munthu aliri ndi parodyed. Gwiritsani ntchito nkhope yake, kulankhula. Muzojambula, kujambula ndi kujambula, njira iyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga chojambula pansi pa masiku akale, kugwiritsa ntchito ma fonti mwanjira inayake. Kukonzekera kwa maluwa kuti atengedwe mu zokongoletsa kumakhalanso kusintha maonekedwe awo pansi pa chikhalidwe cha dziko linalake. Mwachitsanzo, fano la maluwa a buluu momwe amalembera "Gzhel".

Mitundu ya zojambula

Njira iyi ingakhale ya mitundu iwiri:

• Kunja pamwamba pamwamba;
• Kukongoletsera.

Mtundu woyamba umamangidwa potsanzira zitsanzo zokonzeka, kutsanzira njira ya wolemba aliyense, mtundu, wamakono. Mwachitsanzo, wina angatchulepo kupanga zojambula zamakono ndi Khokhloma.

Mtundu wachiwiri umatanthauza mgwirizano wodalirika wa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi malo okhala ndi malo. Pano pali mitundu yokongoletsera yodutsa zithunzi zenizeni ndi zenizeni. Kufotokozedwa kwa mawonekedwewo kungakhale kodzaza ndi mfundo zosatheka zomwe zimasanduka chinthu chosadziwika. Zomwezi, zimagawidwa m'magulu otere: kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chachilengedwe komanso zowonongeka.

Kodi ndizochitika zotani za zojambulajambula

Olemba makina abwino kwambiri amaitana ana. Amatha kuphweka zojambula zovuta. Amatha kukoka munthu mosavuta ndi "ndodo" ndi "nkhaka".

Mu graph, njira iyi imachotsa mfundo zosafunika, kuwonetsera chokhacho cha mawonekedwe ndi khalidwe.

Kujambula ndizokongoletsera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamakonzedwe okonzedweratu a chinthu, kapena mungathe kujambula kamodzi mwa njira inayake. Mu ntchitoyi, momwe njira zake zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, zidzakhala ndi zinthu zoterezi:

• Chikhalidwe;
• Geometricity;
• Chiwonetsero;
• Kusamalitsa;
• Zojambula;
• Sensualality;
• Fomu yophweka.

Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okonza kupanga mapulogalamu a laconic.

Kumene mungayambe

Cholinga chachikulu cha kukongoletsa ndikutembenuza kusintha kwenikweni kukhala chinthu chofotokozera komanso chachisomo. Izi zimachitika pakuwonetsa chofunikira. Kuti muwonetse chinthu choterocho, muyenera kulingalira pa chinthu chofunika kwambiri mmenemo. Komanso, wojambulayo ayenera kufufuza chikhalidwe cha kupanga mawonekedwe ake, kuchotsa zonse zosafunika ndikusagwiritsa ntchito njira zojambula. Mzere ndi malo okha ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kuti asasinthe chikhalidwe, ojambula ayenera kuphatikizapo kugwirizana ndi kugwirizana ndikumvetsa zomwe zikuchitika. Kujambula ndi njira yopangira zojambula zokongoletsera, kupita ku -avant-garde, kupita kuntchito.

Oyamba kumene akulangizidwa kuti amvetse luso ili polemba zojambula zosavuta zowonongeka za zomera kapena zinyama. Mwachitsanzo, mpendadzuwa, nthambi ya mtengo, gulu la mphesa, nsomba, khate - ziwonetsero zoyambirirazi zidzakuthandizani kumvetsa izi. Ndikofunikira kuti mumvetse mawonekedwe anu, kuti mumvetse zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri pa chomera kapena chomera ichi, chomwe chimasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi ena. Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mawanga, mizere ndi strokes ndikofunikira kuti asonyeze chinthu ichi. Pambuyo powonetsedwa, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu amaperekedwa kwa iwo. Chojambula chomaliza chiyenera kufanana ndi chomera ichi kapena nyama.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ku chifaniziro cha munthu ndi chithunzi

Kukopa munthu kumapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwenikweni kwa munthu. Kusunga kuchuluka kwake, wojambula amasintha kutalika kwa miyendo ndi zigawo zazikulu. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okonza mafashoni, kujambula zithunzi zawo zatsopano.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri, zitsanzozo zimasiyana kukula kwa m'chiuno ndi khosi, ndikulitsa miyendo. Pachifukwa ichi, kukula kwa thupi kumatetezedwanso. Njira imeneyi ingaganizire za umunthu wa munthu wina.

Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha zithunzi zojambula bwino za munthu ndi ntchito ya akatswiri ojambula zithunzi omwe amalemba katatala ndi katemera.

Munthu amene ali pachithunzi akukhalabe ovomerezeka, ngakhale kuti akhoza kukhala ndi nkhope zosaoneka bwino. Angakhale ndi pakamwa kapena mphuno zazikulu, maso ndi eyelashes zikulitsidwa. Odziwa ntchito amatha kufotokoza molondola chikhalidwecho ndikugwira mbali za munthu yemwe akuwonetseratu, kuti sivuta kuti adziwe yemwe chithunzichi chalembedwera.

Kujambula mawonekedwe a thupi la munthu kumawoneka pazithunzi zakale. Anthu amawonetsedwa pa iwo ndi silhouettes atatambasula. Mu mafilimu ndi zithunzithunzi, pafupifupi nthawi zonse mugwiritse ntchito njira zowongoka.

Kusintha kwa zomera ndi maluwa

Kujambula kwa zomera kumayambira kupanga zojambula zosiyanasiyana, kupanga zinthu zamakono. Zithunzi za zomera ndi maluwa zimatsatiridwa ndi zojambula zawo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zokongoletsera za mayiko osiyanasiyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwewa, ojambulawo anafotokoza mndandanda wa maluwa kapena zomera, masamba ake. Kujambula mitundu ya mitundu, mwachitsanzo, kumapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a zithunzithunzi: rectangle, katatu, bwalo, pentagon. Pothandizidwa ndi njira zosiyana siyana, ojambula amavomereza mbali iliyonse ya duwa kapena zomera zonse. Zitha kuzindikiranso, koma kupeza chithunzi chokongoletsa chatsopano. Zojambula zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zokongoletsera, ziwiya zapanyumba, ambuye ovala zodzikongoletsera.

Zojambula

Zodzikongoletsera zojambulazo zimapezeka m'zikhalidwe za ku Roma Yakale, Girisi wakale, Igupto wakale ndi Persia. Yambani ntchito ndizofunikira pakugwiritsira ntchito kutsindika kwa chinthu chofotokozedwa. Izi zikhoza kutembenuza zinthuzo mosiyana, kuzifanizira kuchokera kumwamba kapena kumbali. Pogwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera, masamba odzola amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zamoyo pamakongoletsedwe zimasonyezedwa m'malo momveka bwino. Zimakonzedwa kuti zisasokoneze umphumphu wa silhouette lonse ndipo sizimapangitsa kuti chiwerengerocho chikhale chodabwitsa. Ngati chithunzi chili ndi mawonekedwe atatu, ndiye kuti chimasandulika kukhala chophwa.

Anthu onse amagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsa zawo. Malinga ndi iwo, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale tsopano akuzindikira malo omwe alipo zinthu zopezeka tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ziwiya zapanyumba.

Zinyama zovina

Kujambula ndi njira yokongoletsera, yomwe imachokera ku nyama yamba, mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kupanga maonekedwe okongola, okongola komanso okongola. Pano kachiwiri, malingaliro, malingaliro ndi malingaliro amatha kuwathandiza. Zojambula zokongoletsera za nyama zili ndi malire ena. Ngati mukufuna kufotokoza nkhandwe, nkhandwe kapena nsomba, zonsezi ziyenera kuonekera. Kawirikawiri mawu ojambula amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi, kukongoletsera zipinda, pofotokozera nkhani zamatsenga.

Zidalibe moyo pazojambula

Mu moyobe zinthu zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa mu gulu limodzi. Wojambulayo akuyika chidwi chake pa zinthu, ubale wawo ndi pamwamba. Mtundu, mzere ndi kapangidwe ka pamwamba kamangidwe kamodzi. Muzinthu zowonongeka zamoyo-kofunikira ndikosankha chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe zipangizo zina zimayikidwa. Zinthu zimakhala zosavuta, kuzipanga kukhala zizindikiro ndi silhouettes. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana, mukukwaniritsa zolembazo ndi mfundo zokongoletsera . Kuwongolera kwa zomera mu moyo akadakaliko kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo zomwezo. Mitundu yawo imapatsidwa lakuthwa angles, kuwonjezera momveka kusiyana.

Chithunzi cha malo

Mtundu uwu wa pepala uli ndi miyeso yambiri komanso malangizo. Malowa akuwonetsedwa mu kujambula kwa ojambula ambiri otchuka a zaka mazana otsiriza. Makhalidwe amodzi amatha kuwonetsedwa pa zojambula pamakoma a nyumba zomangidwa ku Ancient Rus. Pambuyo pake njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzojambula zokongoletsera. Mzinda wa Japan ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha zojambula zojambulajambula mu mtundu uwu. Muzojambula zotere mulibe mpweya ndi mzere wofanana. Zinthu zonse zimakhala zofanana. Pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a malo, chiwerengero cha zinthu chingasinthidwe. Mtundu wa mtundu ukhoza kukhala weniweni kapena wosinthidwa pa luntha la wojambula.

Mitundu yosinthitsa pazokongoletsera

Mtundu ndi njira yofunikira ya njira iyi. Chithunzi chosandulika cha mtundu uliwonse chiyenera, mothandizidwa ndi mtundu, chitani zofunikira ndikufotokoza cholinga cha wolemba. Kwa zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, maubwenzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana, mtundu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pompano komanso mosiyana. Iye amatha kutsindika mwamphamvu zomwe zimafunidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngakhale kulembedwa kwa munthu mwa mitundu yachilendo kwa iye waloledwa. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku zinthu zonse zosonyezedwa.

Kujambula zithunzi za zithunzi

Kawirikawiri pamafunika kufotokoza chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa. Ojambula akutsatira mwatsatanetsatane maonekedwe, kukonza ndi kubwezeretsanso chithunzi choyambirira.

Ndi zamakono zamakono a kompyuta, kusintha koteroku kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chadijito. Mapulogalamu amatha kufotokozera fano pansi pa chithunzi chojambula kwambiri mofulumira komanso mopanda malire. Pankhaniyi, kasitomala angasankhe njira yabwino kuchokera kwa woyang'anira chithunzi chomwe akufuna.

Kuwongolera kwa munthu pa chithunzi kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zojambula monga retouching, kulumikizana, kuwonjezera kukhwima, kusiyana, kuwonjezera zotsatira, pogwiritsa ntchito chiaroscuro pofuna kukonza, mitundu, ndi ena. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zonse, mosasamala zomwe zili.

Mukhoza kufotokoza chithunzicho pansi pa kujambula komwe kumapangidwa ndi madzi, mafuta kapena inki. Mutha kuigwiritsa ntchito powonjezera mitundu yowala kapena kuisintha iyo kukhala yakuda ndi yoyera.

Kawirikawiri posachedwa, anthu amawongolera zojambula zojambula, zolembedwa mu mafuta. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zingapo, mbuyeyo akhoza kutumiza makasitomala kumbali iliyonse ya Dziko lapansi, mu malo amodzi ndi malo. Zojambulazo ndi zenizeni. Zithunzi zimasindikizidwa pa nsalu, zotupa zamadzi, silika. Mukhoza kusankha kalembedwe ka "kulemba" chingwechi.