Nikolai Krymov, wojambula zithunzi: biography, chilengedwe

Nikolai Petrovich Krymov ndi wojambula yemwe adalenga m'zaka zapitazi. Mtundu wake wokonda kwambiri unali malo. Minda, nkhalango, nyumba za kumidzi, kumira mu chisanu kapena kuwalako - Krymov analemba chibadwidwe chake ndipo sanasinthe njira yosankhidwa ngakhale kuti zochitika zovuta zinachitika m'dzikoli. Anapulumuka nkhondo zitatu, adadziwa umphawi, koma ntchito zake sadakhudze ndale kapena nkhani zamatsenga, monga momwe sanayesere kukondweretsa aliyense ndi chidziwitso.

Banja - zonse zinayamba

Wojambula N.P. Krymov anabadwa pa 2 May (April 20 mu kalembedwe) mu 1884. Iye sanali wa chiwerengero cha olenga awo omwe makolo awo anali nawo motsutsana motsatira mwanayo m'njira ya luso. Bambo wa Nikolai, Pyotr Alekseevich, anali wojambula zithunzi, wogwiritsidwa ntchito monga "Wanderers", wophunzitsidwa kujambula m'maseŵera olimbitsa thupi ku Moscow. Anayang'ana talente ya mnyamatayo mmawa ndi mkazi wake Maria Egorovna. Mutu wa banja lalikulu: Nikolai anali ndi abale ndi alongo khumi ndi anayi - kuyambira zaka zoyambirira anaphunzitsa ana kukonda chirengedwe, kuthekera kuwona kukongola kwa dziko lowazungulira. Anakhala mphunzitsi woyamba Nikolai Krymov.

Aphunzitsi

Mu 1904, mnyamatayo analowa mu Sukulu ya Kujambula ya Moscow, Zithunzi ndi Zojambulajambula za Dipatimenti Yomangamanga. Mu 1907 iye anasamukira ku zokongola. Ena mwa aphunzitsi ake anali ojambula otchuka: V. Serov, yemwe adasintha zambiri pa maphunziro, L.O. Pasternak, bambo wa Boris Pasternak, wojambula zithunzi za ntchito za Leo Tolstoy, N. Kasatkin, wojambula nyimbo wa achinyamata. Komabe, monga Krymov mwiniwake akulemba, wojambula, yemwe adakhala mphunzitsi wake wamkulu, anamwalira Nkolai asanakhale wophunzira. Anali Isaac Levitan. Ntchito yake inakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya Krymov.

Kupambana koyamba

Nikolay Krymov ndi wojambula wa chiwonongeko chosangalatsa. Luso lake linayamikiridwa kale pamene anali kusukulu. Chojambula "Zojambula ndi chipale chofewa", cholembedwa mu 1906, chinakhudza mphunzitsi A. Vasnetsov, mchimwene wa wojambula wotchuka. Anagula chojambula kuchokera kwa mbuye wamng'ono, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri adagulidwa ndi Gallery ya Tretyakov. Krymov anali ndiye makumi awiri ndi anai okha.

Blue Rose

Ndithudi, Krymov ndi wojambula zithunzi: amamasulira mtundu wake wokonda kwambiri pokhapokha atayamba ntchito yake yolenga, komabe, kulembera kwake kunasintha m'moyo wake wonse. Mu 1907, Nikolai Petrovich anakhala mmodzi wa ocheperapo pa chiwonetsero cha "Blue Rose". Ambuye omwe adagwira nawo ntchitoyi adasiyanitsidwa ndi fanizo lapadera. Iwo ankadziwa momwe angayang'anire chinsinsi mwa kukongola kwamba, kufotokoza ndakatulo ya mwambo. Pa chiwonetserochi, Krymov anaika ntchito zitatu: "Pakati pa masika" ndi "Sand Slopes" ziwiri.

Ojambulawo, omwe adagwira nawo kuwonetserako, anayamba kutchedwa "bluebearers". Ntchito yawo inali yodzaza ndi mtima wamkati komanso kukhala chete. Oimira chigawochi, kuphatikizapo Crimea, amayesa dzanja lawo pa Impressionism. Mtundu uwu unali pafupi kwambiri ndi "abuluu". Akatswiri ofufuza zapamwamba ankafuna kuti ntchitoyi iwonongeke nthawi zonse, kukongola kwa nthawi yake. Komabe, monga mapangidwe a Crimea ndi anzake omwe adadziyesera okha mwachinyamata, adachokera ku France malangizo, anayamba kuchoka kwa iye, kumasulira m'maganizo a malingaliro atsopano, nthawi zina mosiyana ndi Impressionism.

Zowonjezera Zowonjezera

Chikhumbo cha chizindikiro, choyimira cha "goluborozovtsam", wojambula N. Krymov adatsitsimuka pokhala akugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a magazini "Golden Fleece". Zithunzi za nthawi imeneyo (1906-1909, Pansi pa Sun, Snegiri ndi ena) zinali ngati maonekedwe a mitundu yofanana ndi zofanana ndi masana, monga zojambula.

Panthaŵi yomweyo, njira yolemba Krymov inayamba kusintha. Symbolism ndi kugonjetsedwa kunayamba kupezeka kunthabwala, nthabwala komanso zowopsya. Zojambula "Windy Day", "Moscow Landscape. Utawaleza "," Mvula yamasika isanayambe "," New Tavern "imayang'ana kuzinthu zazikulu ndikuwonetsa malingaliro atsopano omwe awonjezeka zaka zambiri za moyo ku Moscow ndi madyerero ake ndi maholide. Makhalidwe atsopano a Krymov ali ndi malingaliro a ana. Zojambula zowala zimapuma zokondweretsa ndi zoipa, chimwemwe chifukwa cha zosavuta ndi zachizolowezi zochitika: maonekedwe a utawaleza, dzuwa kapena nyumba zitalizitali m'misewu. Ndipo izi zimaperekedwa ndi wojambulayo mothandizidwa ndi mitundu yowala komanso maonekedwe a mawonekedwe, omwe adalowa m'malo mwa kufufuza mosamala mitundu. Komabe, kulembera kumeneku kunali kokha pakati pa kulenga krymov.

Kulumikizana kosatheka

Kuyambira zaka za 1910, zochitika zapamwamba zofanana ndi zojambula zachilengedwe za ku France za m'zaka za zana la 17 zinayamba kuonekera mwachindunji ntchito ya Krymov. Claude Lorrain ndi Nicola Poussin anapanga mapulani atatuwa, omwe amawoneka ndi mtundu wina: bulauni, wobiriwira komanso ndondomeko yachitatu - buluu. Zojambula zolembedwa mwanjira imeneyi pamodzi zenizeni ndi malingaliro panthawi yomweyo. Iwo ankawonetsa madera kwathunthu a padziko lapansi, koma mgwirizano umene unkalamulira pa chinsalu unali wopanda ungwiro.

Nikolai Krymov ndi wojambulajambula yemwe sanabwerere mobwerezabwereza kwa aphunzitsi kapena akatswiri ozindikira zakale. Chikhalidwe cha Poussin ndi Lorraine, iye adagwirizanitsa ntchito zake ndi kudzikonda, monga pa chithunzi cha "Dawn", ndipo kenako ndi chiphunzitso chake. M'kupita kwanthawi, iye adachoka kulemba zolemba zokha. Nikolai Petrovich anayamba kuwonjezera zomwe adaziona ndi zongopeka, kubwezeretsa ziwembu ndikukumana ndi mgwirizano womwe malingaliro ambiri omwe adayambiriridwa nawo kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo adatsata.

Zima ndi Chilimwe

Kuchokera ku chilengedwe Krymov analemba kokha m'chilimwe, pamene iye ndi mkazi wake anasiya dzikolo kapena amakhala ndi abwenzi. Wojambulayo nthawi zonse ankafuna malo ogona ndi khonde kuti athe kugwira ntchito mlengalenga ndikuwonetsera malo okongola.

M'nyengo yozizira, mbuyeyo adalenga kuchokera kumtima, akuwonjezera zithunzi zenizeni ndi zinthu zatsopano. Izi zimagwira ntchito, monga zomwe zinalembedwa kuchokera ku chirengedwe, zimatulutsa kukongola ndi mgwirizano wa chirengedwe, moyo wake wachinsinsi komanso woonekera. Mmodzi mwa zojambulazo, zomwe zinapanga krymov wojambula, - "Zima Chakumadzulo" (1919). Ngakhale simudziwa dzina la chithunzithunzi, nthawi ya tsikuli ndi yopanda kukayikira: mthunzi ukutala pang'ono chipale chofewa, mitambo ya pinki imawonekera kumwamba. Chifukwa cha maseŵera a mtundu ndi kuwala, wojambulayo anatha kufotokoza kulemera kwake kwa chipale chofewa, pansi pa dziko lapansi kugona, masewera a dzuwa, osayang'ana pa nsalu, komanso ngakhale kumverera kwa chisanu, kuwalimbikitsa oyendayenda kwawo, kutentha kwa moto.

Njira yamakono

M'maganizo a anthu a m'nthaŵi, wojambula Krymov, amene zojambula zowonongedwa zimasungidwa m'masamuziyamu ndi magulu aumwini, zikuwoneka kuti ndi munthu wodalirika komanso wosasinthika, onse ali ndi malingaliro awo omwe. Pakati pa malingaliro ake, lingaliro la "general tone", lopangidwa ndi kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi iye, limaonekera. Chofunika cha izo ndi chakuti chinthu chachikulu mu kujambula si mtundu, koma kamvekedwe, ndiko mphamvu ya kuwala. Krymov anaphunzitsa ophunzira kuti awonetsere kuti madzulo madzulo nthawi zonse amakhala oda kwambiri kusiyana ndi mitundu ya masana. Pofotokozera chiphunzitsocho, adayesa kufanizitsa mtundu woyera wa pepala ndi malaya omwe anavala. Nikolai Petrovich anatsimikiziridwa m'nkhani zake, ndipo adawonetsa m'mabuku ake kuti chilengedwe chimaperekedwa ndi mawu osankhidwa bwino, ndipo kusankha mtundu kumakhala ntchito yachiwiri.

Kupyolera mu zopambana zonse za nthawi

Kulumikizana mosagwirizana, masewero a kuwala ndi mthunzi, mtendere ndi mphindi yomwe imagwidwa - zonsezi ndi katswiri wa Krymov. Zojambulazo "Winter Winter", komanso zojambula "Mdima", "Madzulo ku Zvenigorod", "Nyumba ku Tarusa" ndi ena, zimasonyeza kukongola kwa dziko lonse komanso chilengedwe makamaka. Kuchokera pamutu uwu kuntchito yake, Nikolai Petrovich sanasiye ngakhale zovuta zonse zomwe zinali kuchitika panthawiyo m'dzikoli. Zolembera za ndale ndi malangizo a phwando sizinalowe m'malo mwake. "Timu yake" yomwe adayambitsa ndi yopereka kwa ophunzira. Nikolay Krymov anamwalira pa May 6, 1958, atatha kusamutsa sayansi ya kujambula kwa ojambula ambiri achinyamata omwe kenaka anakhala ojambula otchuka.

Ndalama ya Nikolai Krymov ku chiphunzitso chojambula ndi yofunika kwambiri. Lero, ntchito ya mbuyeyo imatha kuwonetsedwa m'masungiramo a dzikoli. Zithunzi zambiri za Krymov zimasungidwa m'magulu aumwini. Zojambula za ojambulazi zimayambitsabe chidwi, ndipo mawu ake oyenerera komanso oyenerera pakati pa ojambula akhala atchulidwa kale.