Ndi ziro kutha mu chinenero cha Chirasha Kodi

Chirasha, usanene kanthu - olemera ndi wokongola kwambiri, komanso zovuta kwambiri mu dziko. M'chinenero chilichonse cha dziko palibe nambala yaikulu malamulo ndipo mwaiwala zimene iwo, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo akhoza kudzitama zosiyanasiyana zimenezi, osati mawu, komanso akalumikidzidwa awo, amene angayambe ngati Mwachitsanzo, kuchepa ndi nauni pa milandu, kapena conjugate kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Mavuto makamaka ndi kumapeto, chifukwa iwo kulumikiza mawu onse m'chiganizo palimodzi. Lusoli ndi vuto kudziŵa ziro maphunziro. Mwatsatanetsatane kumvetsa zimene ziro mathero amayesetsa m'nkhani ino.

ndi pamapeto?

Mapeto - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa morphemes, chimene chikusonyeza kugwirizana ndi mawu mawu ena mu mawu kapena kupereka. Mapeto zambiri kumapeto, koma pali ena kupatula. Tikambirana ina. Maphunziro mosiyana morphemes ena musati bwanji tanthauzo la mawu akuti, chifukwa sali preformative. Ndicho chifukwa akhoza kudziwa jenda, case, chiwerengero ndi munthu wa mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "kumtunda" mathero kutanthauza zikusonyeza kuti mawu ali mmodzi, genitive ndi chachimuna, pamene mawu akuti "ndikuganiza" mapeto a Eks limanena kuti kapangidwe ka munthu wachitatu mmodzi.

Nthawi imene mapeto si mapeto a mawu

Akamaona mapeto, anthu ena kungakhale kovuta, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ayenera kukhala pa mapeto a mawu. Nthawi imene mapeto akhale pakati pa mawu:

• Ngati pali mawu mathero postfix adzakhala ili pamaso pake. Mwachitsanzo: Choka, aliyense chilichonse, tiyeni.

• Mu zovuta manambala kadinala mathero alipo pakati pa mawu, ndipo pa mapeto, mwachitsanzo kumapeto kwa chifuniro pambuyo maziko aliwonse. Mwachitsanzo: pyatØdesyatØ, anayi. Koma sizikusokonezani ndi manambala kadinala ndi manambala ordinal kapena adjectives kuti anapanga kwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo: makumi asanu mazana anai, tridtsatipyatitysyachnY, asanu ndi atatu nkhani, zaka zitatu, choyamba kalasi, heptagonal.

matanthauzo kalembedwe mathero

Mapeto kwambiri morpheme monga mokwanira bwanji tanthauzo lexical mawu ndi chiweruzo lonse wonse. Ndipotu, nthawi zina zovuta kuzindikira pakati pa chikhamu cha alendo analandira zikomo chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mathero mawu apatsidwa Movutikira.

mawu onse mapeto amaimira zotsatirazi matanthauzo kalembedwe:

• nambala, jenda ndi nkhani m'madera amenewa wa kulankhula monga nauni (mwachitsanzo: chinsalu - mathero -o limanena kuti mawu mu nkhani nominative, komabe mu chimodzi ndi neuter); adjective (mwachitsanzo, oyera nsalu - mathero -s mfundo za munthu mmodzi pa neuter jenda ndi nkhani nominative); participle (mwachitsanzo: nsalu anatsuka - mathero -s limanenanso kuti ndi mawu a mmodzi, nominative ndi neuter); Ena akuti (mwachitsanzo wanu nsalu - mathero -e Limanenanso kuti mawu a mmodzi, ndi nominative ndi neuter) ndi ena mawerengero (Mwachitsanzo: kupenta chimodzi - mathero -o limaonetsa mau mmodzi ndi neuter nominative) ;

• Only imfa ena akuti (mwachitsanzo, osati zimene - mapeto a TH limasonyeza genitive) ndi mbali ya mawerengero a (palibe asanu - mathero -ndipo limanena kuti mawu mu genitive);

• Anthu okha ndi chiwerengero cha kasewenzetsedwe ka mau m'tsogolo ndipo pakali pano (mwachitsanzo: kulemba - mneni ya munthu mmodzi);

• nambala okha ndi mitundu ya kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zinachitika kale (mwachitsanzo: mukuti - chosalimba mneni ndi mmodzi).

Kodi ziro kutha?

Komanso, mavuto amene mungakumane kudziwa mapeto, ngati ziro. Pofuna mosavuta m'mawu, m'pofunika kumvetsa zomwe ziro kutha. Mawu ndi mathero zofanana nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi mawu wopanda mathero aliwonse.

Ziro mapeto a mawu - ndi kutha, amene si anasonyeza m'makalata kapena phokoso. Ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu wa zinthu sikuthetsa limanenera, onetsetsani kuti mulembe izo ngati lalikulu kanthu mu kusanthula dongosolo morphological mawu.

Mitundu ya mawu ndi kutha ziro

Ndi ziro kutha mu chinenero cha Chirasha, mawu otsatirawa:

• Wosasinthika wa Chinthu wa munthu woyamba genitive ndi mochulukitsa nkhope. Mwachitsanzo: ptichekØ, plombØ, korovØ, pitomtsevØ.

• adjectives Mkhalidwe ndi participles mu mwachidule kupanga mmodzi wamphongo nauni Mwachitsanzo: nahodchivØ, individualenØ, sklonenØ, velikolepenØ, zaderzhanØ, vooruzhenØ.

• Zero mathero a manauni zachimuna za mtundu wachiwiri, komanso osonyeza chinthu chachikazi mu declension lachitatu. Mwachitsanzo: tarakanØ, parkanØ, voylokØ, pechØ, rechØ, nochØ.

• odzikundikira adjectives mu chachimuna mmodzi. Mwachitsanzo: ottsovØ, maminØ, koroviyØ, lisiyØ, SerezhinØ.

• mmodzi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu kuyesetsa. Mwachitsanzo: uchiØ, smotriØ, pomogiØ, perevediØ, poprosiØ.

• kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu subjunctive ndipo zimasonyeza maganizo chachimuna nthawi yotsiriza ndi kukhalapo kwa mmodzi. Mwachitsanzo: govorilØ - adzatero govorilØ, slushalØ - adzatero slushalØ, progolosovalØ - adzatero progolosovalØ, poprosilØ - adzatero poprosilØ.

Nthawi zambiri, pamene morphological kusanthula anthu kusokoneza mawu ndi ziro kutsiriza ndi mawu, omwe kawirikawiri alibe mathero. Kumvetsetsa kusi-, taganizirani zimene mawu kutha mu sanali sakupezeka.

Mawu amene sikudzatha

mapeto alibe mawu osasinthika ndi magulu a mawu;

• indeclinable manauni, monga matakisi, khofi, galimoto, malaya;

• indeclinable adjectives, monga burgundy, khaki, Marengo, ukonde, Baroque, Chiesperanto, zilimba zake;

• odzikundikira mawu osonyeza ndiwe wa gulu lachitatu, monga awo, iye, iye;

• adverbs onse ngati adverb - gawo yoikika mawu, ndipo ndi tanthauzo salinso zatha, mwachitsanzo: zoipa, achisoni, zambiri bwinobwino, osokonezeka, wachikuda, redone;

• mawu mu mawonekedwe poyerekeza Mwachitsanzo, wamphamvu, wanzeru, mofulumira bwino, okongola, achisoni, olemekezeka;

• gerunds onse, monga gawo ili la mawu anatenga chilankhulo nesklonyaemost, ndiponso adverb sungathe ndi mapeto, mwachitsanzo: kuwerenga kusamba, luntha, kuwerenga, kuloweza, kukumbukira, kupenda, pozindikira;

• M'madera onse utumiki wa kulankhula, kotero, ngati ayi, ayi, ngakhale kuti, mwamsanga basi monga nthawi, popanda, pa, pansi, mu,

• interjections, monga: inde, inde, bwana, u, aha, menyerani, kugunditsa, apa ndi nthawi;

• mawonekedwe koyamba mneni pamene -t ndi Ti amaona ngati suffix, mwachitsanzo: kudya, kuvomereza, kumva, kumvetsa, kulemekeza, kumva, kachitidwe.

Komanso udindo mu kulemba kusanthula morphological mawu a bokosi akusowekapo imene palibe mathero. Mosavuta kusiyanitsa mawu wopanda mathero ku ziro adzathetsa ulamuliro umodzi. Mawu wopanda mathero si zimasintha, monga kuyenera mawu kutsiriza ndi ziro.

Kodi kudziwa mathero?

Kudziwiratu mapeto aliyense mawu, monga chokwanira cha icho kuchepa pa milandu. Gawo la mawu zimenezi zidzasintha iwo ali. Motero zosavuta kudziwa ziro kutha. Zitsanzo za mawu amenewa kutha, mawu ndi zimene ambirife n'chosiyana mu tebulo zotsatirazi:

Muchisanzo chimenechi, ndinasintha ngati inu mosavuta kudziwa mawu izi morpheme. Popeza mawu akuti "zilimba zake" si atatsamira pa milandu, mawu wopanda mathero, ndipo mu "kalirole" mawu akuimira muzu ndi kutha ziro, chifukwa nauni mu mochulukitsa ndi genitive.

Morpheme, interacts ndi kutha ziro

nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu ambiri zitsanzo za mawu amene muzu ndi ziro kutha ntchito mwa morpheme. Woterowo mapeto akhoza pamodzi ndi morpheme ena onse. Mwachitsanzo, mawu amene pali manambala oyambirira, muzu, ziro mathero: nkhani, kusintha, kunyamuka, kuchoka, kusambira. Palinso mawu, pamene morphemic kusanthula zomwe mukuona manambala oyambirira, muzu, suffix ndi kutha ziro. Mwachitsanzo: wachinyamata anamuyika, ananeneratu iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri ntchito mawu imodzi pano postfix ndi ziro kutha mu chinenero cha Chirasha. Mwachitsanzo: amapanga, mwetulirani, pansi, kuthandiza, tiyerekeze zida.

chizindikiro zofewa pa kusanthula morphemic

Onani kuti chilemba zofewa si mapeto a mawu. chizindikiro ichi silimanena phokoso aliyense, koma chabe anatchula consonant zofewa, womwenso pamaso pake. Ngati mawu itha chizindikiro zofewa, ndiye ayenera kuonedwa kuti iye ali ndi ziro kutha. Komabe, lamulo limeneli siligwira ntchito kwa mawu zosasintha. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti ntchito yomanga okha kuchoka pa gallop mapeto ndi chizindikiro zofewa, si koyenera kulingalira mawu awa ndi mapeto ziro. Zimafanana, ndipo alibe mathero.

Features morphemic kusanthula mawu

Mapeto - yekha variable gawo la Mau. Onse morpheme ena pamodzi zimapanga maziko ake. Pamene kusanthula morphemic mwina zovuta kudziwa mawu ikutha, chifukwa zokwanira kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe kusintha mawu.

mavuto Minor zomwe zingadze mkatimkati mwa mtima yolondola ya mapeto - ndi kusiyanitsa mawu ndi ziro kutha, komanso mawu wopanda mathero aliwonse. Popeza nkhaniyi anapeza kuti ziro ukutha, kuti kusanthula morpheme si zovuta zilizonse.