Chidule cha "Iliad" tikulimbikitsidwa monga mbali ya maphunziro kusukulu ndi ambiri kudziletsa chitukuko, chifukwa zovuta za pachiyambi. Nkhani kunayamba Greece wakale, pa nthawi ya ngwazi ndi nthano. Lolembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo akhungu, "Iliad" Homer Adzalakalaka zikuvutitsa maganizo a mbiri yakale komanso nzeru ena a ambiguity awo ndi udzakwaniritsidwa.
Chiyambi. tayi
Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mankhwala amamangidwa kuzungulira mzinda wa Troy, kapena "Ilios", amene amatenga dzina la "The Iliad." Chidule cha gawo loyamba n'zosavuta kuti akapereke mu mawu ochepa: kalonga wa Troy Paris ndi m'bale wake Hector anapita mutakawachezera kuti Menelaus, mfumu ya Sparta. Paris, chidwi ndi kukongola kwa mkazi wake Menelaya Eleny, amanyenga ndi kumutengera iye Troy, amene sangathe salangidwa. Kuyambira pamenepa pali yopuma :. wosiyanasiyana otchuka monga Odysseus, AJAX, Achilles, ndi ena, mothandizidwa ndi mayiko ambiri anagwirizana pamodzi ndi makamu a kuzinga mzinda embattled. Mu masiku oyamba a azingidwa invulnerable Achilles wawononga kachisi wa mulungu-woyang'anira wa Troy, zomwe, malingana ndi mwambo, amadana yekha kwa imfa. Mu masiku awa pali nkhondo ya ngwazi za Troy, Hector, ndi Patroclus, atavala zida za Achilles, kenako imfa ya Patroclus ndi kubwezera ku Achilles kwambiri.
Mbali yaikulu. kuzinga
"Iliad", chidule cha amene ayenera osachepera kuphimba zinthu zikuluzikulu nthawi, sanathe kunyalanyaza za kusagwirizanako: yaitali n'kopanda pake atazunguliridwa ndi kugwetsedwa ankhondo mu Greece pamaso ukulu wambawamba makoma. Kodi motere ikulongosola za nkhondo ndi ovulala ambiri mbali zonse chikumenyana, komanso nkhondo ya Menelaus ndi Paris, komwe Paris, manyazi, Hector anapulumutsidwa, kuti asilikali chosakhulupirira zimene iye anafotokoza yekha. Trojans anabwerera ku makoma ndi kuzinga anapitiriza. Koma kuchenjerera Odiseem, omwe sanali woyamba kupeza njira mwa mavuto, izo kupangidwa mwa dongosolo kuloŵa mumzinda.
Trojan kavalo. zotsatira
Tiyeni anthu ochepa mukudziwa dzina la ndakatulo imeneyi, koma ayamikike yanthaŵi kukhala ndi Trojan kavalo amatchedwa "Iliad" omwe mwachidule walembedwa apa, anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga feat. Atazungulira asilikali anali atasonkhana kuchokera zombo matabwa yaikulu kavalo zimene zinatsalira monga mphatso kwa atatu kupambana. The nsomba anali kuti iwo anali atabisala mkati kavalo asilikali dazeni ochepa, wokonzeka usiku, pambuyo chigonjetso, kutsegula makomo a asilikali chachikulu, kubisa kumbuyo miyala pa gombe. Ndi isanayambike usiku Troy anagwa pansi ndi alimbane la Agiriki anathyola mu mzinda ndi ochepa Trojans anathawa ndi nyanja. Malinga ndi nthano, izo zinali iwo Rome anakhazikitsidwa. Pankhondo yomweyo anagwada ndi Achilles kwambiri, wathuyo muvi Paris yekha ofooka malo - chidendene.
Polongosola mwachidule
Choncho, zimene timaphunzitsa ndi zimene amatha "Iliad"? Mwachidule, ndithudi, simungathe tanthauzo lenileni onse padera mu woyambitsa ndakatuloyi, koma ngakhale makombo awa a mbiri zokwanira kuzindikira kuti mphamvu si nthawi zonse chimapambana pa zochepa wamphamvu ndi kuchenjerera nthawi zina mukhoza munthu kubweretsa chigonjetso, koma munthu chisoni chachikulu. The lingaliro lalikulu la nkhaniyi kwagona kuti ngakhale nkhondo inkachitika nthawi yaitali kwambiri, kukumbukira zochuluka zazikulu za ngwazi za adzakhala ndi moyo kosatha, ndipo iwo, monga milungu yake, kukhala moyo, koma iwo aiwala.