SERGEY Alexeev, "History serf mnyamata": Mwachidule

Monga amadziwika, mu Russian Ufumu kwa zaka zambiri panali chodabwitsa analogous ukapolo. Iye ankatchedwa serfdom. Pa malo uyu anali anthu wamba amene basi musati mwayi abadwe mu banja wamba.

Wolemba odziwika SERGEY Alekseev zoyenera pankhaniyi nkhani yake "History serf mnyamata." Chidule cha ntchito tiyeni kupeza ndi kuwerenga yonena za Mlengi wake.

Russian wolemba Alekseev

SERGEY Petrovich Alekseev moyo wake zoyenera kulemba ana ndi mabuku mbiri. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa iye anabadwa mu digiri aluntha banja (1922).

Chifukwa chakuti bambo ake anali ndi chizolowezi m'mudzi wa chigawo Pliska Kiev (lero ndi gawo la Ukraine), wolemba tsogolo kuyambira ubwana kulankhula ndi anthu wamba, osati mwa zongomva kudziwa za mavuto awo.

Pamene Alexeyev anatembenuka 10, makolo ake anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene sukulu ya sekondale. Kutchuka mnyamata kudzakhala katswiri, amene analowa ndege sukulu mumzinda kuika (tsopano gawo la Belarus) mu 1940

Chiyambireni cha Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako SERGEY Alexeev, pamodzi ndi cadets ena unasamutsidwira Orenburg Flying School. Kukhala Orenburg, Alexeyev anachita chidwi kwambiri mu mbiriyakale ndipo limodzi ndi sukulu anachita chinkhoswe mu maphunziro madzulo za mbiri dipatimenti ya koleji mphunzitsi wamba a.

Nditamaliza maphunziro, mnyamatayo anayamba kuphunzitsa izo. Komabe, chifukwa ndi choipa panthaŵi ya maphunziro ndege, posakhalitsa kuti achoke ku aeronautics ndi kuyamba kulemba.

Poyamba, wolemba tsogolo yolemba ntchito anthu ena, ndipo mu 1955 anayamba kufalitsa awo. ntchito zake kupereka mphoto zambiri (State Prize la USSR, Lenin Komsomol Prize, Diploma G. H. Andersena), ndi m'zinenero 50.

Nkhani yaikulu zilandiridwenso Sergeya Alekseeva anali mbiri ankhondo a Russian ufumu kuyambira cha m'ma XVI atumwi.

The mabuku otchuka kwambiri wolemba ichi - "zana limodzi Nkhani za mbiri Russian", "The maina Wamkulu", "Mbiri serf mnyamata" (chidule cha machaputala mu VI - IX mfundo), "ankanena Suvorov ndi asilikali Russian" ndi ena.

SERGEY Petrovich anafa May 2008 pa msinkhu wa zaka 86. manda ake mu manda a Peredelkino, kumene lero connoisseurs akhoza kuyika maluwa.

Nthano "History serf mnyamata"

Mu ntchito ya Alekseev zochitika zambiri mbiri amaoneka mwa kuzindikira za ana. Mwachitsanzo, m'buku lakuti "The Life ndi Imfa Grishatki Sokolova" limanena za Pugachev kugalukira kudutsa nkhani ya mnyamatayu, kutenga gawo mmenemo.

Komabe, nkhani yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya mtundu umenewu ndi "History serf mnyamata" (mwachidule - mu VI - IX mfundo).

Choyamba lofalitsidwa ntchitoyi anali mu 1958 ndipo chinali kuonekera wolemba latsopano mbiri m'mabuku ana.

Kapangidwe ka nkhani

Bukuli tichipeza machaputala anayi. Aliyense wa iwo akufotokoza nthawi ya ulendo wa protagonist mu khamu lina. Choncho aliyense wa mitu anawagawa magawo angapo: "mtsikanayu Moor Ermolaevna" (7) "Dasha" (12) "Chenjerani ndi msilikali" (8) "Mphunzitsi Wabwino" (7).

Background nkhani

Musanayambe tikambirane mwachidule za buku "History serf mnyamata" ofunika kudziwa za m'masiku a imene zochitika zonse zimachitika.

The munthawi akhoza okha nthawi ya malemu 80 - oyambirira 90 ntchentche. m'ma XVIII. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi yakuti Mitya Myshkin akukumana ndi asilikali wakale kupanduka wa Emelyana Pugacheva, komanso waukulu mtsogoleri wa asilikali Aleksandrom Suvorovym mu adani a Isimaeli. Pamaso chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom (1861) kwa zaka 70, kutanthauza kapolo wa Imperial Russia (sadzachitanso udatotobwa pambuyo Pugachev) osati satenga Nyumbayi monga anthu, koma amazisamalira bwino mwamphamvu. Ambiri mwina chifukwa cha ichi nthawi imeneyi anasankhidwa Alexeyev, kusonyeza chonyansa onse serfdom.

Protagonist m'buku lakuti

Isanafike dziŵani okha ndi Chidule cha nkhani "History serf mnyamata" ofunika kupeza zambiri za khalidwe lake lalikulu.

chiwembu ikufotokozanso za tsogolo la zaka khumi mwana dzina lake Dmitriy (Mitya) Myshkin m'mudzi Zakopanka. Ngakhale mnyamatayu ndiponso kusaphunzira, iye ndi wanzeru, mochenjera ndipo olimba. Pa nthawi yomweyo mnyamata zinawathandiza kudziwa ulemu ndi chilungamo. Iye ndi wokonzeka kuthandiza munthu wokondedwa, ngakhale pa chiopsezo pa moyo wawo.

Nthawi iliyonse, kupita ku mbuye watsopano, ikusintha, kuphunzira pa zolakwa zakale. Chifukwa ili mu mitu yotsiriza Mitya kwenikweni kale amasankha timu kunyumba.

Dziwani kudzipereka, chimene chingathe mnyamata uyu. Choncho, kubwezera imfa ya bwenzi lake Dasha, magaleta moyo mlandu uwu. A kogwirizana pa Vyazemsky msilikali, mnyamata chimakakamiza iye kuchokera kunkhondo. Komabe, pamene munthu chitatha mawu ake ndi Man wotaya mnzake nkhanza ndi pafupi, Myshkin mopanda manyazi chitaya khamu.

Ndi zonse izi, ngakhale kulimba mtima ndi pothana, Mitya akhala mwana, akulakalaka kubwerera kwa makolo ake. Koma nkhani yomaliza Myshkin inasanduka mtundu angathe Pugacheva, dziwani kuti makamu wabwino sizichitika.

"History serf mnyamata": mwachidule za mutu wakuti "Dona Moor Ermolaevna"

Kumayambiriro kwa buku Mitya - osangalala osasamala mwana, osati kuti amadziŵa zimene zikutanthauza kukhala serf. uthenga zosayembekezereka kwa iye kukhala chimene ake kapena makolo ake lotengeka kugulitsa.

Chifukwa chakuti yobetcherana zinachitika mu yophukira (pamene Nyumbayi si makamaka ofunika), mmodzi wa Zakopane si anagula. Komabe, pamaso pa pafupi ya chilungamo mayi wokalamba ali maso ake pa mnyamata, ndipo iye bargained kwa 3 rubles.

Latsopano mbuye, mkazi wa kapitawo wa asilikali, anali osauka kwambiri. Ndiyekhayo ndalama anali penshioni ake mwamuna wake. Komabe, ndalama anali atachoka zokwanira kusunga kakang'ono nyumba pang'ono pa chogona 3, barani, ndi okhetsedwa ndi kusamba.

Kuwonjezera Miti, ndi Hostess akali 2 serfs: Barbara ndi Arkhip.

Tinkakhala pa malo Asilamu otchedwa a Moor Ermolaevna osauka ndi wotopetsa. The kukopa waukulu wa mkazi uyu kukwapula akapolo Loweruka. Ichi chidachitika osati msonkhano, ndi kuyitanitsa. The mwana sanali mkhalidwe umenewu, ndipo pofuna kudziteteza ndi ena, adaika chikwapu.

The mnyamata anavomereza kuti pamene iwo ali, dona kumuika Gusyatnikov. Mantha, Mitya mwangozi atapha mmodzi wa atsekwe lapansi. Pa mbuye wankhanza amuikha popezeka ndodo.

moyo Kenako Myshkin anangopeza poipa, choncho waganiza kuthamanga.

Chidule cha buku "The History serf mnyamata": Chapter awiri ( "Dasha")

Pafupi ndi katundu wodzichepetsa Mitya dona amapereka wapamwamba malo Novgorod wa Chiwerengero Alekseya Guschina (Barabiha). fuko lomveka linaonekera pali zambiri, ndiye pafupifupi nthawi zonse mu malo pamalo bwana wake German Franz-Neumann.

Kamodzi wotchuka uja akufuna ku kasamalidwe kuti akonze serf oketsra ndi zisudzo chifukwa Chaka Chatsopano. Neumann anayamba kusonkhanitsa anthu wamba sachedwa kuimba nyimbo mu County lapansi. Poyamba adali ndi mwayi womva mmene Mitya (amene pa nthawiyo anatumizidwa ku msipu atsekwe) amasewera chitoliro. Kuona talente munthu Franz anagula izo kwa Asilamu otchedwa a Moor Ermolaevna kwa matumba 2 Mapila ndi nthenga zakale bedi.

Malo mu Barabihe kunali kwakukulu. Munkakhala zambiri serfs, ndi khalidwe lokonda iwo anali kangapo kuposa mwiniwake woyamba. Pang'onopang'ono, mnyamata ntchito ndi anzanga ndi wojambula wina dzina lake Dasha.

Ngakhale onse Mitya chabwino pa mothamanga. Iwo anamupeza anatumiza kuthamangitsa zoopsa wosayankhula huntsman Fyodor. Komabe, iye sanapereke Germany amathawathawa, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali kubisala mu kennel wake. Posachedwapa, mnyamata anayamba kucheza ndi munthu, ndipo anazindikira kuti chinenero kuti anatulutsa chifukwa cha nawo Pugachev.

Pamene Myshkin Franz apeza kuti munthu kwenikweni. Koma unaturuka Dasha ndi Fedor.

Ndinafunitsitsa Chaka Chatsopano, ndi zisudzo anali diresi rehearsal. Dasha zatenganso mbali yaikulu ndipo mwangozi anagwa. Manager ankafuna kumumenya, koma Mitya anaimirira. Kuthaŵa mkwiyo wa Germany, ana analumpha mu kuzizira. Atavala zovala kuwala ed mtsikanayo anali ozizira ndi masiku angapo kenako anamwalira ndi matenda.

Pofuna mlandu, Mitya anachita kuwotcha dala nyumba imene Germany moyo. Bwalo si makamaka pofuna kupulumutsa woyang'anira ndi amene anayesa anaimitsidwa wosayankhula Fedor, amene molakwika ankaona anayambitsa moto.

Myshkin mwayi womwewo wa zinthu, iye akuthawa.

"Alonda msilikali"

M'nkhaniyi takambirana mwachidule "History serf mnyamata" wa mitu iwiri yoyambirira, m'pofunika kudziwa: kodi lachitatu.

Kamodzi pa msewu pambuyo athawe, ndi protagonist pafupifupi chisanu ndi imfa - pambuyo onse yozizira. Iye anapulumutsidwa mwa m'kupita msilikali wina. Iye ankafuna kuti adzipereke kwa amathawathawa, koma Mitya anatha kukopa usilikali, ndipo iye anasiya mnyamata kunyumba.

The mwini latsopano, dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich Vyazemsky, anali mkulu wa Imperial Moyo alonda Regiment. Mnyamatayo anali mwadongosolo lake, ndipo Ufumuyo kwambiri.

Chifukwa duel Vyazemsky anapita kukamenyana ndi anthu a ku Turkey. Poopa moyo wa mnyamatayo, iye ankafuna kuti imbuluke pa malo ake, koma Mitya anaganiza kukhalabe ndi mbuye wake.

Nawo nkhondo kwa adani a Isimaeli, msilikali wamng'ono anasonyeza kulimba mtima, koma anavulala kutsala pang'ono kufa. Mwamwayi, Myshkin ulendo wake kunkhondo, ndipo anasolola mbuye ndiwobvulazidwa. Izi zinali akuzindikiridwa ndi kupereka yekha Suvorov wamng'ono ngwazi Mendulo.

Tikaonanso St. Petersburg, Vyazemsky amayamikira kupulumutsiramo analumbira konse kugulitsa mnyamata. Koma tsiku lina, kusewera makhadi, wapolisiyo kuika Mitya pangozi. Kukhumudwa mnyamata sanayembekezere zotsatira za chipani nathawa.

"Mulungu,"

Kuphunzira "History serf mnyamata," chidule cha machaputala atatu, ndi nthawi kuti adzaone zomwe inatha buku lino.

Pambuyo akuthawira Myshkin mlendo m'dziko likulu kukafunafuna chakudya. Pa msika anathamangira mu serf wa Zakopanki - zokhotakhota Sawa. Iye anasonyeza kuti eni zakale zinatha ndipo anagulitsa kuchokera pafupifupi onse alimi ndi dziko. makolo a mwanayo tsopano wokwatibwa ndi General Yusupov, amene amadziwika mtima wabwino.

Sawa anatenga mnyamata kuti bambo ake ndi amake, amene Tamuona akufa.

The watsopano mbuye mabala kumutu, panali mavuto ena ndi psyche lapansi. Choncho mnyamata wa nthawi zonse amakakamizidwa masewera awo chodabwitsa ndi kunamizira kuti msilikali, ndiye mfumukazi. Ngakhale izi, moyo unali wabwino Meath.

Patapita chaka chimodzi, a njonda ankaganiza kuti sanali akatunge zikalata kwa ogulidwa Myshkin ndipo anatuma mnyamata wake ku Chiwerengero Goushchin. Kuyambira pamenepo, asilikali anafika kudzagwira mnyamata chifukwa anachita kuwotcha dala. Pozindikira kuti zabwino sunathe, mnyamatayo anathawira ku gulu khamu.

Nkhani ya nkhani

Nditawerenga Chidule cha "The History serf mnyamata," Alexeyev, ndi bwino kuganizira mavuto a ntchito.

Choyamba, wolemba anayesa kusonyeza akuchitirana nkhanza za serfdom ndi maganizo bestial kwa osawuka ndi ambuye awo.

Komanso, nkhani ndi kusiyana kuoneka bwino chikhalidwe pakati pa nzika olemera ndi osauka. wolemba limatiuza mmene kwambiri nzika losauka kuti recoup serfs awo. Choncho Moor Ermolaevna mlungu anawakwapula akapolo, ndi eni woyamba Miti popanda chisoni kugulitsa wamba, saopa mabanja osiyana.

No zochepa momveka bwino chithunzi cha nkhanza chikwiyire akuwakonda. Ngati mayi wokalamba kulangidwa ngwazi anayesa wake kuthawa, mwini kukhumudwa wa mnyamata anaganiza manyazi ndi mukunyoza iye chifukwa chakuti Mitya anali Mendulo mtima, ndipo iye - palibe.

Zomwe zinachitika wina za zimene akuchitirana nkhanza njonda, inali nkhani ya mankhwala mbuye wa Theodore ( "History serf mnyamata": chidule cha mutu wachiwiri).

Kuwonjezera pamwambapa, SERGEY Alexeev m'buku lake limanena kuti ndalama ndi kuwolowa manja Musati muzidalira pa maudindo. Kutsogolera umachitika Kufanana Suvorov ndi Mitya amene peterburzhskikh alonda ndodo ankaona upstart. Ndipo komabe onsewo - anthu olimba mtima ndi mfulu, ngakhale chiyambi chake osati kwathunthu mfulu.

Sergeya Alekseeva nkhani "History serf mnyamata" (mwachidule mu VI - IX mfundo) ndi mmodzi wa zokometsera Soviet ndi mabuku Russian. wolemba anatha osati za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa serfs, komanso kuti izo chidwi kuti ophunzira ngakhale masiku ano kupitiriza kuwerenga bukuli.