Kodi tsoka mu mabuku: tanthawuzo

moyo wa munthu ndi utoto ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zosiyanasiyana mithunzi zina wochenjera. Aliyense ali bwino mawu monga "kuwawa kwa chikondi", "imfa voluptuous" kapena "kukoma chigonjetso." Aliyense wa iwo ndi osakaniza a chinachake mochenjera bwino ndipo nthawi yomweyo sanali alipo. Chotero zolembalemba ndi zophiphiritsira chabe chinyezimiritso cha kulemera kwa mmene tikumvera moyo ndi zokumana kukhala ndi zoonanso pa zinthu wamba, motero kupanga moyo waphindu ndi wosangalatsa. zikhumbo anthu, makhalidwe mu chitukuko cha chitukuko akhala chinthu chidwi nzeru ena a m'zaka oyambirira, ndiyeno iwo kuchita ofufuza latsopano kwa moyo wa munthu - olemba.

Moyo wathu uli chiyani? ..

Inde, kodi? Zogwiritsira zochitika mwachisawawa kapena kuphedwa zonse kamodzi ndi mfundo zonse predefined? Joy wa moyo, kapena kuwawa kwa podziwa nullity wake? Ndi lalikulu, moyo wa munthu ndi mndandanda wa maganizo ndi zomverera, chekeni mu kamvekedwe ka mdima pamaso pa kuwala ndi wansangala. Aliyense wa mitundu imeneyi n'kofunika chifukwa chokwanira nzeru ndi zomverera kukhulupirika kwa dziko. Ndipo mabuku amapereka munthu chimodzimodzi zomwe iye akanati amalephera kuona mu moyo weniweniwo. Ine sindikanakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira, thanzi, ndi zambiri ndiye kwambiri.

Ndi chifukwa cha mabuku a anthu waphunzira ndipo akadali kuphunzira mtima. Mothandizidwa Mitundu zolembalemba munthu amatha kusiyanitsa chisoni kwa zosangalatsa, baseness wa lapamwamba ndi wabwino kwa woyipayo. Kochititsa kuyamba nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi maganizo, zokonda. Kaya ndi osamvera kuseka kapena sadzachitanso adaletsa sobs - onse sewero weniweni, koma guises zosiyanasiyana.

Likutsindika sewero choonadi

Mu nthawi dodrevnegrecheskie anthu mwanjira anyalanyaza nthano wabwinobwino, amene yekha analankhula za ungwazi ena otchulidwa yadzaoneni. Komabe kupereka m'nyimbo, mwangwiro payekha, chiyambi cha zomwe ndi zokolola za zokumana mkati kugwirizana ndi kusakhutira maganizo ndi chauzimu, kapena, Tikawonetsetsa yosalephera Joy ndi maganizo.

Agiriki akale ophatikizana zinthu zimenezi ndipo analenga sewero (kutanthauza "kanthu") lomwe lili ndi zozizwitsa ndi m'nyimbo chikhalidwe cha mabuku akale. Maziko sewero anayamba zisangalalo wodzipereka kwa anthu kapena zina milungu, amene ali, zoona, mtundu wa nsembe chiyembekezo cha tsogolo chakudya chisangalalo moyo.

Kuti Mitundu modabwitsa - satyr play, sewero lanthabwala ndi matsoka - anatsogolera chakuti mabuku wakhala pafupi ndi moyo weniweniwo, munthu weniweni, weniweni, osati anthu chabe. Ndipo anali yojambula. Chifukwa ndi zimene tsoka ndi sewero lanthabwala ku Greece wakale? Kutenga chiyambi cha masewera miyambo ndi kusangalala polemekeza Diyonisiyo, tsoka ndi sewero lanthabwala Posachedwapa akuluakulu oimira ya Mitundu ed ndi zolembalemba, kuwulula zinthu aakulu kwambiri a moyo chikhalidwe. Yonseyi weniweni, mbali yaikulu ya munthu ndi osangalatsa, "zikondwerero", umene unali nyengo yachisanu ikupita chiyembekezo cha zotsatira zabwino ndi chigonjetso cha kuwala pa mdima, Mitundu zakhala poyambira chitukuko cha chikhalidwe, osati Ahelene, komanso mitundu ina.

Chiyambi oopsa mabuku

ndi tsoka Kodi mu mabuku? The tanthauzo la izi akuti mu mawonekedwe wothinikizidwa limatiuza kuti ntchito imeneyi, lomwe lili kwambiri. Limafotokoza komanso amayang'ana kwambiri mavuto kapena ngwazi, kapena banja lake, koma nthawi zonse ku mawonedwe mfundo za makhalidwe abwino. kuvutika ayenera kukwezeka ndi abwino. Pakati pake penipeni ndi ngozi khalidwe la mankhwala, kukakamiza owerenga chisoni ndi khalidwe waukulu ndi zinapatsira ndi maganizo ake.

Tsopano, pamene zinadziwika kuti tsoka, aliyense angathe bwino kupenda mabuku amene anali kuwerenga. Tiyeni tikumbukire tsoka la Kubadwa Kwatsopano, ndipo posachedwapa - nyengo ya anthu Union, umene umaonekera mu uthunthu wake onse akamanena polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Tsoka monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi

ndi matsoka ngati mtundu wanyimbo Kodi luso? Mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe mwangwiro zolembalemba, mtundu wanyimbo tsoka zikutanthauza kupanga siteji ndipo amakhala ndi yomaliza-tsoka. Kunafuna kuti sharpness ena ubale weniweni, yodziwika ndi zotsutsana mkati otchuka. Iye anati bwanji kwambiri ndi leni mikangano ya njira wolemera kwambiri ndi kwambiri ndithu. Ndipo malinga ndi zimene nkhondo izi ndi zoona zake zenizeni za ikuyambitsa awo, kukhala ngati tanthauzo luso zambiri zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.

Pozindikira kuti tsoka ku Greece wakale, kuwerenga ntchito zolembedwa ndi Aeschylus, Sophocles, anawayerekezera ndi olemba ina, mukhoza kuona mzere bwino kupitiriza "mbuzi nyimbo" (kumasulira lenileni la tsokalo) yonyamula malamulo a wakale Greek zisudzo luso pa siteji ya atumwi XXI.

Mkulu sangathe stilted

Koma ngakhale pathos zonse zochitika zomvetsa chisoni anafotokoza ntchito zosiyanasiyana nyenyezi zolembalemba dziko, osanenapo kuti iye safuna kuti mitanda pa pakhomo ena kupitirira zomwe mzere wa pakati zenizeni ndi zopeka. Mwamsanga zinkakhalira kukhulupirira kuti wolemba ngati wonyamula maganizo potsutsana owerenga ndipo amasangalala izo. Sipangakhale mfundo za makhalidwe abwino kuti kupha ozunguza ndi moona mtima. Choncho, mkulu amasankha mabuku dramaturgy manyazi grandiloquence, pamenepo kupereka Mulimonse zoopsa, ndi ngwazi komvetsa chisoni kwa kampira a kufera lenileni koma osati fictitious.

Literature ngati galasi la mbiri

ndi ngozi mabuku chiyani? Tanthauzo takupatsani. maphunziro phunziro la mibadwo ndi zochitika zomvetsa chisoni kale kuposa kale pa chitukuko cha mibadwo ya m'tsogolo. Inde, si nthawi zonse zimene anali ndi khalidwe Mwachitsanzo, kwa nthawi ya zaka woyamba wa Chikhristu, ndipo wafunsira kuwala ntchito kwambiri, anathandizidwa ndi mavuto kapena momvetsa chisoni cha ngwazi za kukumanizana zoipa kumanga dziko latsopano ndi maubale atsopano, kodi lero akumufuna. Koma zilembo yoopsya ya m'mbuyomu angathe anapeza mbali ndi zilembo za anthu ambiri a m'nthawi yathu. Ndipo si chifukwa, kunena za mavuto omwewo a Sophocles ndi Aeschylus, kupitiriza kubweretsa otchulidwa latsopano, anatha kupirira mdima ndi akufa ndi nkhonya njira zonse ndi yowala, woyera ndi wathanzi!