Asayansi ndi zoyambitsa zawo. Kutulukira - ndi ...

Kodi chidali chifuniro? Izi zilandiridwenso, sayansi kapena chochitika? Ndipotu, izo zimatengera. Pa akamanena za chiphunzitso cha, komanso kumene ndi mmene kuchita Kutulukira, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Kutulukira - ndi ...

Nthawi zambiri Kutulukira amagwirizana ndi njira zovuta kuti, monga ulamuliro, lili ndi ziwalo zambiri, mawaya, tchipisi ndi batani. Pa nthawi ino chipangizo yatsopano amaonera zamagetsi ndi nanotechnology.

Ndithudi, izo zikhoza kukhala zoona. Komabe, kuyambitsa analipo kale zaka yadigito. Malinga ndi tanthauzo lina, Kutulukira ndi wanzeru kapena luso dongosolo, limagwirira, amene ali zachilendo. Kwa inunso aku ntchito zinthu zilipo cholinga latsopano.

Kutulukira - chida ndalama kuti umalimbana kuthetsa vuto lililonse. Kawirikawiri, n'zotheka chilengedwe zake zimachitika munthu, ndipo ufulu zonse zimatsatira malamulo a dziko limene Kutulukira lisanalengedwe.

Kubadwa kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri

Ndipotu, kuyambitsa kulibe pokhapokha ngati mtundu wa anthu. Mwala, yamitengo ndi anthu zitsulo wakale analenga kwambiri zipangizo zothandiza kusaka, ulimi ndiponso ulimi.

Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa, mwala chida, uta ndi mivi, ndi khasu. About 20 zikwi zapitazo, ife kale anabwera ndi singano ndi zovala achikale. Pa gombe Mediterranean 10 chikwi. Zaka zapitazo ife analenga ngalawa nsomba ukonde. harpoon A anaonekera mu France mozungulira 13 000 zaka zapitazo.

Zofunika ndi chibwenzi kuyambitsa - kwalembedwa. chikuoneka zimachitika wachinayi Zakachikwi BC, ngakhale isanafike nthawi iyi panali mitundu ina ya HIV zambiri. Kwa cholinga, mafupa, timitengo, miyala, kuika iwo mu njira inayake mu muyezo winawake. Mu Inca Mwachitsanzo, panali nodular kalata.

chitukuko wakale

Ndi chitukuko cha anthu adanyamuka dziko loyamba: Mesopotamia, ufumu Aigupto, China, India, Greece, Rome. Iwo eni zambiri chidwi. Ku Babulo, analenga sopo choyamba, anatulukira mu Scandinavia skates, ku Mesopotamiya - galeta.

Mu Egypt anali Papyrus, mafuta odzola, inks zochokera mafuta ndi phula la njuchi. Aiguputo anatulukira kalendala ya dzuwa ndi wotchi, makandulo, njinga woumba mbiya ndi potsegulira chitseko.

No zochepa katswiri anatsimikizira Aroma. Back mu 168 BC, iwo anakhazikitsa TV choyamba. Akamanena anatulukira ndi ku gulu matabwa, amene anaikidwa nkhani zaposachedwapa, zochitika ndi malamulo a mfumu. Mu Roma poyamba ndi kuunikiridwa una wa njira.

zinthu zambiri ndipo atayamba Greece wakale anapanga maziko a umisiri wamakono. Zinali Agiriki anatulukira sewers ndi madzi. Ngakhale pali umboni kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba, nyumba adawoneka Indus Valley chitukuko. Agiriki anapereka lingaliro chabwino, akuyatsa miyuni pamapiri mwa nyanja chombo mulibe kusochera mu mdima. Mizindayo kumeneko yamvumbi anthu ndi Makina otenthetsera.

Medieval asayansi ndi zoyambitsa zawo

Kuwerengetsa wa Ages Middle kawiri kawiri zimachitika ndi kuchepa kwa ufumu wa Roma mu IV-V m'ma BC. Ku Ulaya, mphamvu ya Mpingo wa Katolika phindu Kuchepetsa chitukuko cha sayansi. Choncho, oyambirira Ages Middle, likulu la chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro ali ankatembenukira mayiko a ku Asia ndi Chisilamu.

Mu China, anatulukira zadothi, m'zaka IX, kulenga wakuda ufa, thabwa kusindikiza ndi typesetting pa makina. Apa ife analenga flamethrower ndi mfuti. The parachuti woyamba ndi glider, mwachionekere, anaonekera kuyamika ankakhala ku Cordoba Abbas Ibn Firnas.

Mu XIII-XV m'ma Europe pafupi ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Mphamvu ya mpingo pa luso ndi sayansi lafooka. Anayambitsa woyamba galasi galasi, mu Germany akubwera ndi buttonholes, Guttenberg amalenga makina osindikizira. Mu England, John Mary akumufunsira lingaliro la chimbudzi mu Italy, Pisa ndi Alessandro Salvino kumbuyo analenga magalasi kwa patali zokha.

Modern ndi chi nthawi

Nyengo kuchokera XVI XX atumwi anali loudest ndi yowala mu mbiri sayansi anthu. A zambiri atulukira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVI, limabweretsa Leonardo da Vinci. Iwo amalenga awiri lumo, ndi catapult, ndi crossbow, chiwembu kwa ndege makina, ndi zina zotero D..

Pa nthawiyi n'kuti Spain kuyambitsa musket, German Peter Heynlyayn ndi thumba mawotchi Conrad Gesner analenga pensulo choyamba, Oda Nobunaga - nkhondo. Galileo Galilei anatulukira zakutali, thermometer, maso, njila dividers.

Asayansi ndi zoyambitsa zawo sakhala ovuta a mpingo. M'zaka za m'ma XVII, anatulukira nthunzi chopangira mphamvu, ndi barometer, mpope zingalowe, ndi Chiwerengero, ndi pendulum koloko. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII wa zibaluni, mphenzi ndodo, torsion bwino, Sitima, magetsi, chithunzi pa pepala.

Mu XIX-XX zaka anaphunzira magetsi, sayansi ya nyukiliya, ndi zimapangidwira. Lyutdge amalenga maikolofoni, Edison - incandescent babu, Karl Bents anatulukira galimoto. Popov ndi chilengedwe cha wailesi, Bratya Rayt anatulukira ndege, Cheremuhin - ndege. Glushko amalenga kwakusiyana injini, Cousteau - kukasambira.

mwachisawawa Kutulukira

Zoyambitsidwa ndiponso zimene si nthawi zonse chifukwa cha bwino anamanga Plan. Nthawi zina mwamwayi kapena chifukwa cha zolakwa. Yothetsera matenda ambiri, penicillin, Alexander Fleming anatulukira mwadzidzidzi, mu imodzi ya mbale osasamba zasayansi.

Garri Uesli Coover anatulukira cyanoacrylate, kulenga bwino pulasitiki mandala kwa zowoneka kuwala. Koma pamene anathira chuma mu mawonekedwe kuti ndingathe izo. Kunapezeka kuti thunthu sationanso mawonekedwe, koma glues kwambiri nyumba zosiyanasiyana. Choncho anali superglue choyamba.

Ndithu mwangozi, ndipo ife ngongole maonekedwe a galasi chitetezo. inventor ake Edouard Benedictus mwanjira anagwetsa botolo galasi, amene ali ndi ming'alu, koma mwanjira kuti sanali kusiya. Asayansi apeza kuti mphamvu ya galasi anapereka collodion njira otsala pa makoma a chotengeracho.

Koma mbatata tchipisi zinalengedwa, kani, mwa Ngakhale. Popeza kulongolola zosasangalatsa makasitomala pa chakuti batala akenso wakuda ndi zofewa, ophika Dzhordzh Kram anamupatsa magawo pafupifupi mandala. Mbale ankakonda kasitomala, ndipo ena ankafuna kuyesa izo. Kuyambira pamenepo, menyu anaonekera "Saratogskie tchipisi."