Neptune - dziko la 8 mu mzere ndi dzuwa. mfundo zosangalatsa

Neptune - dziko, ndi chitatu ndi dzuwa. M'madera ena, kanjira kake intersects kanjira wa Pluto. Kodi dziko Neptune? Adzaupereka kwa gulu la Arefai. Nyenyezi chizindikiro - J.

magawo

Neptune pulaneti zoyenda padziko dzuwa imatulutsa kanjira elliptical pafupi zozungulira. utali wozungulira kutalika makilomita 24.750. chithunzi Ichi ndi kanayi lalikulu kuposa Earth. Eni dziko la mlingo kasinthasintha ndi mofulumira kuti kutalika kwa tsiku pali maola 17,8.

Dziko Neptune ndi ku Dzuwa anachotsa biliyoni 4.5 makilomita Choncho, kuwala umalandira chinthu funso pang'ono kuposa maola anayi.

Ngakhale osalimba zikutanthauza wa Neptune pafupifupi katatu poyerekeza lapansi (ndi 1,67 g / CC), misa nthawi 17.2 apamwamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu kukula kwa dzikoli.

Peculiarities zikuchokera, kapangidwe ndi matenda

Neptune ndi Uranus - mlengalenga, zomwe ndi zochokera anachiritsa pyatnadtsatiprotsentnym mpweya munali hydrogen ndi pang'ono helium. Asayansi kukhala kuti chimphona buluu alibe bwino dongosolo mkati. The zambiri ndi chakuti mkati mwa Neptune ndi wandiweyani pachimake pa kukula ang'onoang'ono.

Zinkakhalira dziko akupanga hydrogen ndi helium dziko ndi zosafunika zazing'ono. Neptune amayambira namondwe wamkulu Komanso, yodziwika ndi eddies ndi mphepo yamphamvu iye. Nkhonyayo otsiriza kulowera kumadzulo, liwiro lake angafikire ku 2200 Km / h.

Zinaonetsa kuti mathamangidwe akulowera ndi ikuyenda chimphona mapulaneti amayamba mtunda ndi dzuwa. Kufotokoza za chitsanzo sapezeka panobe. Zikomo zithunzi anatengedwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera mu mlengalenga Neptune ndi mwayi woganizira mwatsatanetsatane mitambo. Monga Saturn kapena Jupiter, dzikoli lili eni gwero la kutenthako. Iye amatha zimatulutsa mphamvu nthawi zitatu kuposa amalandira dzuwa.

Chimphona patsogolo

Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, Galileo anaona Neptune 28.12.1612 chaka. Kachiwiri, iye anatha kuona osadziwika lakumwamba thupi 29.01.1613 Nthawi zonse, asayansi kutenga dzikoli kwa nyenyezi amodzi amene ali molumikizana ndi Jupiter. Pachifukwa ichi, atulukira Neptune Galileo si amatamanda.

Icho chinakhazikitsidwa kuti 1612 nthawi kuonerera, dziko linali pa nsonga ya ubwenzi, ndi monga tsiku pamene Galileo koyamba, iye anapita zoyenda retrograde. Zimenezi anati ngati pamene dziko lapansi mu kanjira kake patsogolo mapulaneti akunja. Popeza Neptune sanali kutali ndi mfundo aime, gulu lake anali wofooka kwambiri kuti athe muzindikire mphamvu zokwanira Galileo ndi zakutali.

Mu 1781, Herschel anakhoza kupeza Uranus. Ofufuzawa ndiye kudziwa magawo a kanjira kake. Yachokera pa kafukufuku awa, Herschel anapeza kuti kukhalapo kwa anomaly wosamvetsetseka chisonyezo cha danga chinthu: ndi patsogolo kamangidwe, ndiye khala naye. Zimenezi n'zotheka amaganiza kuti Uranus ndi kudziko lina, Mphamvu yokoka asokoneza njira yodutsamo ake.

Mu 1843, Adams anatha kuwerengetsa kanjira wa chachinsinsi dziko chitatu pofuna kufotokoza kusintha mu kanjira a Uranus. Information za ntchito zawo, asayansi anatumiza zakuthambo mfumu - George airy .. Posakhalitsa anafika yankho kalata ndi pempho kupereka mfundo zofotokoza pa nkhani zina. Adams anayamba kuchita zina zachidule chofunika, koma pazifukwa zina sitidakutume uthenga ndipo sichichokera ntchito kwambiri pankhaniyi.

Zichitike Kupezeka kwa dziko Neptune chifukwa cha khama la Le Verrier, Galle ndi d'Aro. 09.23.1846 chaka, ndi kupezeka deta za zinthu dongosolo la kanjira wa zinthu zimene akufuna, iwo kugwira ntchito kudziwa malo enieni a chinthu chachinsinsi. Usiku woyamba wa khama lawo anali korona bwino. Kupezeka kwa dziko Neptune nthawi lotchedwa kupambana okonzera zakuthambo.

Kusankha dzina

Potsatira Kupezeka kwa chimphona anayamba kuganiza kuti kodi dzina kupereka izo. Njira yoyamba inali bungwe Johann Galle. Iye ankafuna kuti tikabatize akutali danga chinthu Janus mulungu, kusonyeza chiyambi ndi mapeto akale nthano za Chiroma, koma dzina ili analibe sanakonde kwambiri. Kwambiri otentha padabwera mupempheni Struve - mkulu wa Pulkovo Observatory. Baibulo wake - Neptune - nakhala komaliza. Ntchito dzina lovomerezeka wa dziko chimphona kuthetsa mikangano ambiri ndiponso kusagwirizana.

Kodi maganizo a Neptune

zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, zokhudza chimphona buluu wosiyana lero. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi zimadziŵa kuti sidereal ndi synodic nthawi kasinthasintha mozungulira dzuwa, pa ndingaliro ya equator kuti ndege yozungulira, deta analipo, kupatula ndendende kumatanthauza. Choncho, unyinji wa dziko pafupifupi 17,26 m'malo 17,15 utali wozungulira weniweni ndi yamphamvu - mu 3,89, 3,88 osati kuchokera lathuli. Pankhani nthawi Nyenyezi kusintha padziko olamulira, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti anali 15 h. 8 min., Amene ali zosakwana mphindi weniweni makumi asanu.

Mu ena magawo ena anali malfunctioning. Mwachitsanzo, pamaso pa "Voyager 2" pafupi ndi Neptune, mmene angathere, izo ankaganiza kuti mphamvu ya maginito a dziko ndi ofanana mu kasinthidwe padziko lapansi. Ndipotu akufanana mu mawonekedwe otchedwa okonda rotator.

A pang'ono resonances yozungulira

Neptune ndi chokhoza kusonkhezera pa mtunda waukulu iye Kuiper lamba. inawo ukufanizidwa ndi mphete ochepa mapulaneti achisanu ngati asteroid lamba pakati Jupiter ndi Mars, koma ndi mmene kwambiri. Kuiper lamba ndi muulamuliro chapadera cha ku yokoka mphamvu Neptune kukopeka, chifukwa mipata nkomwe mu dongosolo la.

The zili m'njira ya zinthu imene ikuchitikira ku zone anati kwa nthawi yaitali, otchedwa akonzedwa kumveka yolembedwa ndi Neptune. Nthawi zina, nthawi ndi ofanana ndi nthawi ya mapeto dzuwa.

Neptune zone yokoka bata otchedwa Lagrange mfundo. Iwo dziko chimagwirizanitsa ambiri Trojan asteroids ngati n'kuwapereka pamodzi kanjira lonse.

Features ya kapangidwe mkati

Chikutanthauza ofanana ndi Neptune ndi Uranus. Pa nkhani m'mlengalenga kwa pafupi twente peresenti ya misa okwana dziko pansi kulingalira. The kwambiri pakati, ndi apamwamba a kuthamanga. Mlingo pazipita - 10 GPa. Mu zigawo za mmusi za m'mlengalenga ndi woipa wa madzi, ammonia ndi dziko.

Zinthu za dongosolo mkati mwa Neptune:

• Mitambo chapamwamba ndipo m'mlengalenga.
• Mpweya popangidwa ndi wa hydrogen, helium ndi dziko.
• Chovala (ayezi methane, amoniya, madzi).
• Rock-ayezi pachimake.

makhalidwe nyengo

Chimodzi kusiyana kwa Neptune Uranus ndi digiri ya ntchito nyengo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku kuwapeza chipangizo "Voyager 2", nyengo pa chimphona buluu kusintha kawirikawiri ndipo zayamba.

Zinali zotheka kudziwa ndi zazikulu kwambiri dongosolo mikuntho ndi mphepo kufika liwiro ngakhale pa 600 m / s - pafupifupi supersonic (ambiri a iwo kuwomba mu zosiyana Neptune kasinthasintha padziko olamulira yake).

Mu 2007, zinawululidwa kuti mu troposphere chapamwamba, kummwera madigiri khumi lathuli Celsius otentha kuposa m'madera ena, kumene kutentha ndi za -200 ° C. Kusiyana kumeneku ndi chokwanila dziko kwa mabacteria ena a kumtunda kwa m'mlengalenga ikudontha mu danga kummwera. Chifukwa "otentha banga" ndi zotsatira za ofananira kuweramira a buluu chimphona kummwera yomwe zaka izi makumi anayi dziko akuyang'ana dzuwa. Monga pang'onopang'ono mu kanjira wa Neptune kuti mbali ina ya anati lakumwamba thupi kum'mwera mzati pang'onopang'ono kwathunthu kupita ku mithunzi. Choncho, Neptune amadzadza wanu Sun North Pole. Choncho, dera amasulidwe dziko danga amasuntha mu gawo ili la dziko.

"Pansiyi" chimphona

Neptune - dziko, amene ali, ndi deta lero, ndi nthambi zitatu. Pakati pawo, lina lalikulu, atatu sing'anga ndi anayi yaing'ono. Tiyeni tikambirane zitatu lalikulu.

zimachitikira

Ndi ilili waukulu umene uli pulaneti Neptune. Iwo linatsegulidwa ndi William Lassell mu 1846. Triton kuchotsedwa Neptune 394 700 Km, utali wozungulira ndi 1600 Km. Ankayembekezera kuti ali m'mlengalenga. Ndi kukula kwa chinthu ndi pafupi ndi Moon. Malinga ndi asayansi, adani a Neptune Triton anali ngati dziko palokha.

nereid

Ndi mwezi wachiwiri kukula kwa dzikoli pansi kulingalira. Nthawi zambiri, atachotsedwa pa Neptune makilomita miliyoni 6.2. Utali wozungulira Nereid - makilomita 100, ndi m'mimba mwake wa - kawiri. Pofuna kuti zisinthe munthu padziko Neptune, kuti Kanema chofunika masiku 360, amene ali pafupifupi chaka Dziko Lapansi. Kupezeka kwa Nereid chinachitika mu 1949.

Proteus

Dziko lino ndi wachitatu waukulu, osati kukula komanso pa mtunda kuchokera Neptune. Sitingathe kunena kuti Proteus ali ndi makhalidwe apadera, koma asayansi wake asankha kulenga atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena zokambirana chitsanzo zochokera zithunzi za zida "Voyager 2".

The makina otsala ndi mapulaneti zazing'ono, zomwe dongosolo dzuwa ndi lalikulu.

Features za kafukufukuyo

Neptune - dziko lomwe chifukwa cha Sun? Chitatu. Ngati inu kudziwa kwenikweni pamene chimphona, mukhoza kuona kuti ngakhale mu zoyang'anira wamphamvu. Neptune ndi kovuta kuphunzira thupi dziko. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa mwina ndi chakuti luster ake pang'ono kuposa eyiti udzakwaniritsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa nthambi pamwamba - Triton - ali Sheen khumi magnitudes ofanana. Pofuna kupeza Neptune kuyendetsa ukuwonjezeka lalikulu chofunika ntchito.

Spacecraft "Voyager-2" anatha kukwaniritsa chinthu monga Neptune. Planet (onani chithunzi m'nkhani) anatenga mlendo pa dziko lapansi mu August 1989. Chifukwa cha deta ndi sitima imeneyi, asayansi zosachepera zambiri za chinthu ichi.

Data pa "Voyager"

Neptune - dzikoli, adali ndi Great Mdima malo pa dera la Chigawo kum'mwera. Izi ndi mbali otchuka chinthu analandira chifukwa cha spacecraft lapansi. The awiri a malo ndi pafupifupi wofanana ndi Earth. Mphepo Neptune zimachitika liwiro ake okwezeka 300 m / s kulowera kumadzulo.

Malinga ndi kuyang'anila ndi HST (Hubble Space Telescope) kwa chaka cha 1994, Great Mdima malo wasoŵa. Amaganiza kuti kapena ankakhala moyo wotayirira kapena chinatsekedwa mbali zina za mlengalenga. Patapita miyezi ingapo, chifukwa makinawa "Hubble", anakwanitsa kupeza malo atsopano, kale ili mu Chigawo cha kumpoto kwa dzikoli. Kuchokera pa ichi tinganene kuti Neptune - dzikoli yemwe m'mlengalenga zikusintha mofulumira - mwina chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kuwala kwa kutentha m'munsi ndi mitambo chapamwamba.

Chifukwa cha "Voyager-2" anapeza kuti chinthu anafotokoza ali ndi mphete. moyo wawo zidavumbulutsidwa mu 1981, pamene wina wa nyenyezi waposa Neptune. Kuzipenya ku Earth sanam'bweretsere chifukwa kwambiri: arcs yekha kukomoka m'malo mphete wathunthu zinkaoneka. Kuthandiza "Voyager 2" adabweranso. Mu 1989, unit zambiri zithunzi mphete zidalengedwa. Mmodzi mwa iwo ali ndi chidwi dongosolo yokhota kumapeto.

Kodi ntchito magnetosphere ndi

Neptune - ndi lathuli maginito umene zochokera m'malo zachilendo. Olamulira maginito umafuna pa madigiri 47 kuti kasinthasintha olamulira. Padziko Lapansi, izo zikanakhala zimaonekera khalidwe osaka kampasi lapansi. Choncho, North Pole kuti udzakhazikitsidwe kum'mwera kwa Moscow. Ndipotu ina zosazolowereka ndi Neptune maginito chosokonekera olamulira akudutsa osati mwa likulu lake.

Mafunso popanda mayankho

- Kodi mphepo Neptune ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, kudakali kutali Sun? Kukhazikitsa njira ngati mkati gwero la kutenthako, ankakhala mu kuya kwa dziko silamphamvu.

- chiyani pa malo pali chosowa hydrogen ndi helium?

- Kodi kupanga chitukuko cha ntchito zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo chathunthu kufufuza Uranus ndi Neptune ntchito spacecraft?

- Chifukwa chiyani njira anapanga zachilendo maginito ya dzikoli?

kafukufuku wamakono

Pangani zitsanzo molondola Neptune ndi Uranus kuti muzione za mapangidwe zimphona ayezi kovuta. Kufotokoza zamoyo za mumlengalenga awiri tavala patsogolo ambiri ndithu malingaliro. Malinga ndi mmodzi wa iwo, zimphona onse anaonekera chifukwa Kusakhazikika mkati m'munsi protoplanetary litayamba, ndipo kenako iwo anali kwenikweni m'mlengalenga ataphwetsedwa lalikulu kalasi nyenyezi cheza B kapena O.

Malinga ndi mfundo ina, Neptune ndi Uranus anapanga pafupiko ndi Dzuwa, kumene kachulukidwe nkhani apamwamba, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku kanjira panopa. amanena wakhala ambiri kwambiri chifukwa kungakuthandizeni kufotokoza resonances likupezeka mu Kuiper lamba.

kuzipenya

Neptune - zimene dzikoli ku Sun? Chitatu. Ndipo sikutheka kuona ndi apoyera. Chizindikiro ukulu chimphona - pakati +7,7 ndi +8,0. Choncho dimmer kuposa zinthu zambiri lakumwamba, kuphatikizapo nyenyezi yaing'ono dziko Ceres, miyezi Jupiter a , ndi ena asteroids. Kwa gulu la kuzipenya apamwamba a dziko kumafuna makinawa osachepera mazana awiri khola kuwonjezeka awiri a 200-250 mm. Pamaso pa 7x50 zoyang'anira buluu chimphona adzakhala limaoneka ngati nyenyezi kukomoka.

Kusintha awiri okhota wa ankaona malo chinthu ndi masekondi 2.2-2.4 waku Arc. Ichi ndi chifukwa pa mtunda lalikulu kwambiri pa Dziko Lapansi ndi dziko Neptune. Mfundo Tingafinye kunali kovuta pa udindo wa padziko chimphona buluu. Kwambiri tinasintha kuyambira Kubwera kwa danga zakutali "Hubble" ndi amphamvu kwambiri zida nthaka ofotokoza okonzeka ndi Optics dziphunzitsiranso.

Kuzipenya mu gulu dziko wailesi anasonyeza kuti Neptune akuimira gwero la ndimakwiya osasamba chikhalidwe, komanso cheza mosalekeza. Onse zochitika anafotokoza ndi onsewo maginito a buluu chiphona. Pa maziko ozizira m'dera infuraredi wa sipekitiramu kuoneka bwino chisangalalo mu kuya kwa mlengalenga lathuli - otchedwa yamkuntho. Iwo kwaiye kutentha kwa pachimake compressible. Ndiyamika kuzipenya angathe kudziwa kukula ndi kayendetsedwe molondola, komanso younikira gululi.

Bakuman dziko Neptune. mfundo zosangalatsa

- Kwa zaka pafupifupi zaka, izi buluu chimphona ankaona akutali kwambiri mu System Dzuwa. Ngakhale atulukira Pluto sanasinthe chikhulupiriro ichi. Neptune - dzikoli zimene bilu? Chitatu, koma osati otsiriza, ndi chinayi. Komabe, nthawi zina ndi furthest ndi nyenyezi wathu. chakuti Pluto ali ndi kanjira elongated kuti nthawi zina chifupi ndi dzuwa kuposa kanjira wa Neptune. Blue chimphona anakwanitsa atengenso udindo dziko kutali kwambiri. Ndipo mathokozo onse chakuti Pluto anasamukira ku gulu la zinthu nyenyezi yaing'ono.

- Neptune ali kukula laling'ono mwa zimphona zinayi mpweya kudziwika. utali wozungulira ake kunyanja n'chochepa kuposa Uranus, Saturn ndi Jupiter.

- Monga ndi mapulaneti onse gasi, Neptune palibe pamwamba olimba. Ngakhale spacecraft anacititsa kuti iye, sangathe pamtunda. M'malo mwake, akanati akusunsa kwambiri mu dziko.

- Neptune ndi yokoka pang'ono lapansi (17%). Choncho, mphamvu ya kukopa amachita pa maplaneti onse pafupifupi chimodzimodzi.

- Pofuna kutembenuka dzuwa, Neptune amafuna 165 Earth zaka.

- buluu zimalimbikitsa mtundu wa dziko anafotokoza chifukwa mizere wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa mpweya monga methane, ofala mu kuwala konyezimiritsa chiphonacho.

Pomaliza

M'kupita kwa kufufuza malo zatenganso yaikulu udindo Kupezeka kwa zachilengedwe. Neptune ndi Pluto, komanso zinthu zina zinali anapeza chifukwa cha ntchito yowawa ya zakuthambo ambiri. Ambiri mwina panopa kudziwika kwa anthu a chilengedwe - mbali yaing'ono chabe ya chithunzi chenicheni. Space - ndi chinsinsi chachikulu, ndipo adzakula mmene angathetsere m'zaka zoposa chimodzi.