Zakuthambo Pulkovo Observatory

Pulkovo Observatory - bungwe lomwe kumagwirizana ndi mbiri yonse ya zakuthambo Russian. Poyamba icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo kuyang'anila zomwe zinali zofunika chirengedwe mabizinesi tsarist ufumu. Observatory analengedwa ndi kuthetsa mavuto a zakuthambo othandiza. Kutsegula wake waulemerero unachitikira pa 08.19.1839, ndi

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha dziko zoyang'anira

Iwo unayamba ndi Peter Wamkulu kuphunzira zambiri za sayansi yeniyeni ndi ntchito zawo zothandiza. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndinalandira mphamvu kuti chitukuko cha zakuthambo ndi zimene zimalimbikitsa bwino chotero wokondedwa mfumu ya panyanja. Oyendayenda padziko England ndi Denmark, Peter Ine ndithu kuyesera kuti apite ku dziko awa okonzeka zakuthambo Observatory.

Mu 1724, anakhazikitsa Academy of Sciences. Patatha chaka chimodzi, kutsegula Observatory Russia yoyamba zakuthambo, amene wakhala imodzi yabwino ku Europe. Petr Veliky tcheru kwambiri kuti akuphunzitsa m'banja. Onse panthawiyo zida anasonyeza pamlingo waukulu wa kafukufuku.

Kutsegula kwa Pulkovo Observatory

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve anakhazikitsa sukulu ya zakuthambo. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe lathu latsopanoli bungwe. Anakhala Pulkovo Observatory, amene nyumba inamangidwa ndi wotchuka wamanga A. P. Bryullova. kwambiri malo yabwino wasankhidwa malo ichi.

Pulkovo Observatory inamangidwa pa phiri, ndi kutalika mamita 75 pamwamba pa nyanja. Komano Pulkovo wazunguliridwa ndi meadows. Zimenezi zimathandiza kupewa kulepheretsa kufufuza za nkhungu ndi fumbi ndi kukwaniritsa chilungamo anafuna kuzipenya mpweya. Komanso, V. Ya. Struve, amene anakhala wotsogolera woyamba wa m'banja, anali wotsimikiza kuti mtunda kuchokera likulu kumpoto kwa seventini mtunda kudzakhala kothandiza zakuthambo, popanda kuwapatsa mpata kusangalala.

ntchito yaikulu

Pulkovo Observatory kuyambira kutsegula ake zatenganso mbali yaikulu ya chitukuko ya zakuthambo. Pankhaniyi, izo mpake anadziwika monga likulu zakuthambo wa dziko. Chifukwa cha khama la Observatory V. Ya. Struve anali atsopano mu dongosolo la nthawi zida ndi zipangizo. Komanso, thumba ake laibulale wopangidwa ndi zopereka bwino mabuku apadera.

Observatory kumufotokozera zolinga malamulo ake. Zolinga zikuluzikulu zimene zinali kuthetsa ndodo kafukufuku ali motere:

- okhazikika ndi pa yomweyo bwino kuzipenya zimathandiza kuti chitukuko ya zakuthambo;

- ulimi wa kuyang'anila zotsatira zimene zinali zofunika kwa Ufumu, komanso utumwi wake chirengedwe ndi bizinesi;

- kutsogolera kusintha zakuthambo zothandiza, anatengera ake kwa navigation ndi madera.

zida

Kusankha chidwi zida Observatory anali opangidwa ndi V. Ya. Struve. Pankhaniyi, Vasily Yakovlevich anachokera kumvetsa bwino zimene boma sayansi ya thambo pa nthawiyo, komanso maulosi a Mabaibulo ambiri N'kuthekanso chitukuko.

Pamaso ndodo yake kafukufuku V. Ya. Struve waika ntchito kuti akaone njira yodutsamo za kayendedwe ka nyenyezi, komanso kudziwa kutalika kwa matupi awa zakuthambo. Mu kukula kwa zipangizo wapadera wamphamvu cholinga kuonetsetsa chofunika lolondola ntchito imene yamangidwa.

kuwonjezera maphunziro

Ntchito pa Pulkovo anakhala zazikulu ndi kovuta. Mu zaka zao za sikisite za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi anayamba kuonedwa kafukufuku astrophysical. Cholinga chawo chinali kupeza ndi kusanthula kawalidwe ndi kuphunzira kusintha kuwala kwa matupi Nyenyezi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza anayamba kuonedwa pa ntchito Zithunzi astrometry mtundu ndi zimango zakuthambo. Komanso, kuonerera anapangidwa kwa Sun mizati Earth anaphunzira kuyenda.

Akuti pa chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi Pulkovo Observatory komabe anali mmodzi wa waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Komabe, udindo wa pakati zakuthambo wa dziko, iye anali atataya kale. Pulkovo Observatory ndi zazikulu supervisory bungwe, koma sanakhazikike pa mutu wa zochita zatsopano za ntchito ya sayansi. cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kusonkhanitsa deta zosiyanasiyana taona ndi kulongosola mfundo zina.

Nthawi Soviet

M'zaka za mphamvu Soviet ndi Pulkovo zakuthambo Observatory kamodzinso pa njira kuchira mofulumira ndi chitukuko cha ntchito zake. Mu Soviet Union anatsegula malo watsopano ananena zakuthambo. Mwamsanga anayamba kuoneka ndi zithunzi zakuthambo.

Pulkovo Observatory walandira latsopano zida kumvetsa zimene walola kuti athetse mavuto ambiri sayansi wochenjera. Zikuoneka kuti akhazikitse lalikulu unsembe dzuwa - littrovsky spectrograph. Iye analola kale mu 1923 kuyamba kuphunzira kasinthasintha dzuwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo zinachitika kuphunzira chododometsa zikuchitika mu thupi lakumwamba. Zimenezi kuloledwa kunyamula pa spectrographs tridtsatidyuymovom refractor.

Chida china chatsopano ndi yokonzedwa izi Observatory nthawi mu Pulkovo. Anakhala gulu astrograph. Iye analola kuti muyambe osiyanasiyana maphunziro a galactic nkhani mdima, komanso dongosolo la Milky Way. Komanso, Observatory ali okonzeka ndi makhazikitsidwe chofunika kwambiri komanso zipangizo ofunika astrometric zamakono Astrographic kafukufuku.

Pa kupondereza ikuchitika zaka za ulamuliro wa Stalin, anavulala ndipo Pulkovo. zakuthambo ambiri anali kunenedwa nawo za zigawenga ndi kuphedwa.

Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa nkhondo ya 1941-1945, Observatory chinaperekedwa kwa bomba German. Chifukwa cha zonse nyumba anawononga, koma ambiri zida ndi laibulale wapadera anapulumutsidwa.

kuchira

Pa nthawi ya nkhondo, ena ogwira ntchito Observatory anapita kutsogolo, pamene ena amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito pa Tashkent Observatory. Pambuyo Chigonjetso Wamkulu asayansi anapitiriza ntchito, kukhala pa malo a Institute Arctic, yomwe ili Fontanka, 38.

Popeza 1946, kubwezeretsa kwa Observatory pa malo akale. Mu 1954 izo linatsegulidwanso. M'kupita kwa ntchito anachita kubwezeretsedwa mabungwe chisanadze nkhondo magwiridwe. The zida kupulumuka chinachitika mu chikhalidwe ntchito, akweza ndi zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku kachiwiri. Komanso, zida anali wodzilemekeza dvadtsatishestidyuymovym refractor zakutali, ndi Zithunzi kumalo ozizira zakutali, Nyenyezi interferometer, ndi zina zotero. D.

zotsatira za ntchito

Pulkovo Observatory, mbiri umboni kufunika kosamalira ichi, kuti tsiku akupitiriza kafukufuku wogwira ntchito pa amadzibisa ambiri. Pamene njira wakhala anayamba za kuzipenya zakuthambo, cholinga kudziwa malo enieni a nyenyezi. Komanso, asayansi wa Pulkovo Observatory kulenga Directory, amene angathe kudziwa mwaulesi moyenera nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi. Data zake amenewa anakhala kuzipenya Zithunzi. Asayansi Observatory anaphunzira nyenyezi ndi kachitidwe kawo m'mapulaneti. Zotsatira zimapezeka pa ntchito yaitali mosalekeza. Komanso chiphunzitso cha refraction mumlengalenga wakhala otukuka.

The Pulkovo Observatory anachita mndandanda wa maphunziro amene anali kwambiri zakuthambo kutulukira. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa: liwiro kudziwika, amene zokhudza mapulaneti lalikulu, kutsimikizira mphete experimentally kugawikana kwa dziko Saturn, umboni kuti nyenyezi oyambirira makalasi kawalidwe atembenuza pa liwilo, ndi etc.

nthambi

Home Pulkovo zakuthambo Observatory ali ndi maudindo. Iwo kugwira ntchito ofunika. Choncho, akatswiri Observatory analenga Kislovodsk Mountain zakuthambo Station, komanso zasayansi mu Blagoveshchensk. Simeiz nthambi mu 1945 mbali ya Crimea Astrophysical Observatory.

anawona Pulkovo

Main zakuthambo Observatory la Russia - ndi malo osangalatsa kwambiri. Alendo sangatithandize poganiza kuti iwo anali mu zenizeni osiyana.

Pulkovo Observatory amakonza maulendo osati tsiku komanso usiku. Kuti iwo muli waukuluwo. nthawi kungakhale aliyense. Izi zidalira pa mtima alendo.

Maulendo mu Pulkovo Observatory mu sabata yoikidwiratu pokhapokha ngati nyengo yabwino. Koma monga ulamuliro, magulu kusonkhana pa azisangalalo. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti amene afuna kukaona Observatory Loweruka ndi Lamlungu lolowera chikuyamba Lachitatu kapena Thursday.

Pulkovo Observatory maulendo zimaperekedwa kwa magulu anapanga, kuphatikizapo ndi makalasi sukulu. Akatswiri a sayansi ya ndipo asayansi kudziwa alendo ndi zochitika za chilengedwe cha m'banja. Auzeni za zochitika chidwi anati mu mlengalenga, kenako analola kuti ngakhale kusangalala zakuthambo, akuyang'ana pa zakutali ndi, inali pansi pa denga retractable ndi kuzungulirako kupota. Panthawi zimenezi, wodzaona aliyense angathe kumva ngati wasayansi weniweni. Usiku ulendo alendo lotseguka maso a dziko la dongosolo dzuwa ndi thambo lakuda, ndipo masango nyenyezi. Pa maulendo anapereka kukaona Observatory Museum ndi kuona filimu pa zinthu danga 3D.

Kupita Kokasangalala ndi miyendo kudzera Pulkovo phiri. Pa m'gawo lake mutha kuona nyumba zambiri oddly zooneka ndi cholinga osadziwika. Komanso, paki, zomwe si kufikira phokoso la mzinda, pali zambiri zomanga thupi. Iwo akhoza kudyetsa mwachindunji ku manja. Nthawi ulendo ndi maola awiri, ndi mtengo wake - mkati rubles mazana asanu.

malo chidwi ndi chodabwitsa ndi Pulkovo Observatory. Adiresi ya bungwe - Pulkovo Highway 65.

owonetsera zakale

Tours imachitika kwa achikulire ndi ana, anaziphunzitsa alendo ndi m'mbuyomu zakuthambo Russian sayansi, komanso kupezeka kwake. Wapadera zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho cha nyumbayi, yomwe ili mu nyumba yaikulu ya Pulkovo Observatory, - ndi kompyuta ndi zipangizo kuyeza, woyeza zida, Optics wa telesikopu waukulu wa zaka zapitazi. Komanso anaika zithunzi za zakuthambo ndi asayansi yakale.

Museum wa Pulkovo Observatory ili mu malo achilendo. Pakati pa mzinda wa Round ake Hall apatsira meridian. Njirayi imatchedwa "Pulkovo".

Chenjerani atulukira posachedwapa ndi zikuchitika zakuthambo ino si zovuta. Pulkovo Observatory ali pa Intaneti (HTTP: // www gao spb ru ...). Akapita izo, inu mukhoza kuphunzira za mabuku atsopano zakuthambo, werengani posachedwapa ndi kuphunzira zambiri za m'mbuyomu ndiponso masiku ano "lakumwamba sayansi."