Goethe a mtundu gudumu ndi ntchito zake

Tsiku lirilonse tiyenera kucheza ndi maluwa - kusankha latsopano phale mkati, mitundu kavalidwe, kudzipangitsa mmwamba kamvekedwe kapena msomali osalala, tiyembekezera malo abwino kapena mlengalenga mthunzi. The pavilions malonda, mosadziwa, timapereka mmalo mankhwala makamaka, makamaka kunena za mtundu wake.

M'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa za "Chiphunzitsochi a Mitundu" munthu kufotokoza zomwe mwakonda mtundu wa anthu kuchokera ku mawonedwe a maganizo, ndi nzeru zapamwamba wotchuka ndi ndakatulo Iogann Volfgang Gote. Mtundu gudumu, iye akufuna m'zaka za m'ma XIX, monga maziko a chiphunzitso cha mtundu mogwirizana, ngakhale kupanda kuzindikira a m'nthawi yake, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito lero.

Kudziwa Mlengi ndi maganizo a mtundu

Gote Iogann Wolfgang anabadwa mu 1748 mu mzinda malonda mu Germany - Frankfurt. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nzeru ena kwambiri ndi ndakatulo ya XVIII mochedwa - oyambirira XIX atumwi. Komabe, anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti Johann Wolfgang analinso wasayansi zachilengedwe - anasonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la mchere, mmodzi amene anali ndi dzina lake - goethite, ndipo analemekeza kuti immortalize dzina lake mu udindo wa mmodzi wa zimaphala pa dziko Mercury.

Kuti chimodzi mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu za munthu uyu mu sayansi zachilengedwe monga "mtundu gudumu Goethe" - (. German Zuri Farbenlehre) chiphunzitso mtundu ndi ma wake, lofalitsidwa mu 1810 m'buku lakuti "Pa chiphunzitso cha mtundu". Mmenemo wasayansi anapereka maganizo ake zotengera malingaliridwe chikhalidwe cha mtundu, komanso anatsegula funso za photoreception anthu. Chiphunzitsochi chinali chosemphana ndi mosavuta pa nthawi ya ziphunzitso thupi za chikhalidwe cha mtundu, choncho sichinayambe kwambiri analandira anthu a m'nthawi yake. Komabe, Johann Wolfgang ndipo sanali kufotokoza zodabwitsazi ku mawonedwe a sayansi. Ambiri munthu amafunika kufunsa: "Kodi ndinu makhalidwe ndi munthu kapena mtundu"

Sitingawerenge za chikhalidwe cha mtundu

Masiku ano pali njira ziwiri za tanthauzo la mitundu ya chilengedwe:

• Mu njira choyamba, amene otsatira ndi akuluakulu a sayansi yeniyeni, mtundu si kuposa anthu diso poyankha oti timaganiza kuwala. Njira iyi ikhoza kutchedwa "njira ya subjectivity anthu" limene munthu aliyense akuona mtundu mosiyana.
• Njira yachiwiri, ndilo dzina chachiwiri - "Goethe a mtundu bwalo," mtundu amaonedwa monga mwachikulu alipo mu chikhalidwe mankhwala.

Nthanthi kusinkhasinkha kapangidwe ka dziko chinachititsa Goethe kuti maganizo a chenicheni cha kuli mtundu m'chilengedwe. Pambuyo pake, wasayansi anaganiza tione nawo mawu a maganizo, ndi kudziwa mmene kukopa kwake pa ubongo wa munthu.

Komabe, kunena kuti mtundu gudumu Ioganna Gote - woona chiphunzitso nthanthi limeneli linachokera sizoona. Poyamba phale inkakhala mitundu 6, ndipo mu XIX m'ma kukodzedwa magawo 24 German sayansi Vilgelmom Osvaldom.

mtundu phale

Anthu ntchito ndi maluwa ndi kukatenga mithunzi zogwirizana, ntchito mtundu gudumu Goethe.

• Kuweta mtundu osiyanasiyana wofiira, buluu ndi wachikasu. Mbali awo zimasiyanitsa - iwo sangakhoze analandira mwa kusakaniza mitundu ndi kukhala amoyo paokha.
• Orange, wobiriwira ndi violet - wachiwiri kuti mitundu. Iwo amakonzedwa mwa kuyanjana ndi mayunitsi lofunika
• Komanso pali lachitatu kuti mitundu analengedwa ndi kusakaniza mitundu pulayimale ndi sekondale.

Aliyense wa iwo ndi mphamvu aumirira, kuchititsa maganizo ena mwa anthu.

Mtundu gudumu Goethe chithunzi

Pali mitundu 2.

1. phale la mitundu 6.

2. phale la mitundu 24.

mtundu makhalidwe

Mu ndondomeko ya maphunziro wazotsatira aona kuti maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe a munthu kusiyana kutengera madigiri 3-4, malingana ndi mtundu wa makoma chipinda. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Johann Wolfgang makhalidwe anapereka lililonse mtundu malingana ake "kutentha" pamlingo wa "ofunda - ozizira".

• mitundu chikasu ndipo lalanje wa Goethe zimachitika "zabwino", chifukwa pamene inu muyang'ana pa iwo munthu wosangalala, kumakhaladi maganizo iridescent.
• Blue ndi lofiirira - negative. Mipata wodzazidwa ndi mtundu yake, wachabechabe.
• Koyera ofiira ndi obiriwira wasayansi anaonedwa ndale.

Ngati inu kuwonjezera mthunzi makamaka a mtundu khalidwe lisinthike kuti zabwino, zoipa kapena ndale.

Dongosolo la Kuphatikiza

Okonza, okonza, stylists ndi kudzipangitsa mmwamba - anthu onse ogwira ntchito ndi mitundu, ntchito kuchita mtundu wawo gudumu Goethe ndipo potsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

Kulamulira chiwerengero 1. Ndi bwino kuphatikiza mitundu kuti kugona moyang'anana. iwo akutchedwanso wowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, wofiirira ndi achikasu matanthauzo Kugwirizana ndi ikuthandizira.

Kulamulira nambala 2. Mitundu, yomwe ili pamwamba pa mmodzi wa Triangles ndi ogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, buluu, Violet ndi wobiriwira. ulamuliro uwu umatchedwa "atatu mtundu mogwirizana."

Kulamulira nambala 3. Mitundu, yomwe ili pa ngodya ya mbali zinayi zofanana, amagwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, buluu, Violet, chikasu ndipo lalanje. lamulo ili umatchedwanso "mtundu womuyenerera."

Rule chiwerengero 4. mitundu ya pa mtundu gudumu ili pafupi, kuphatikiza bwino wina ndi mzake. Iwo amatchedwa analogi. Childs, chifukwa ndi mmodzi wa iwo, ndi zinthu zina monga enaake kuti anaika kumvera pa kulankhula.

Rule chiwerengero 5. mithunzi ili pa vertex mmodzi wa makona, akhoza pamodzi mu chiwerengero. Modern mtundu gudumu Goethe ali 24 mfundo. Mtundu wa aliyense wa iwo akhoza unagwa mu ambiri a mitundu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kapena ntchito.

Rule № 6. mitundu Mbali akhoza pamodzi ndi mzake pa mlingo uliwonse. Zikuphatikizapo: woyera, zofiirira, imvi, wakuda.

Mtundu mfundo bwalo mu dziko lamakono

sayansi sali mu malo, kuphatikizapo koloristka. Lachitsanzo amakono a mitundu RGB pa lingaliro, amene analengedwa mu zaka za m'ma 19, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Goethe a mtundu gudumu zaka 2 anawonjezera kuti 24 mitundu zikomo kufufuza Itten ndi Oswald ndi maziko a chikhulupiriro chamakono cha mtundu. Monga kale, mitundu yaikulu ziri zofiira, buluu ndi wobiriwira - chitsanzo yamakono ya RGB (Red, Gray, Blue) . Koma tsopano limaoneka osati mitundu palokha ndipo bwalo masinthidwe amtundu.

Mtundu n'chofunikira yaikulu m'miyoyo yathu, ndi zina mithunzi kunafala Masiku ano. Mwachitsanzo, wofiira zimaimira ngozi ndi zolakwa, ndi wobiriwira - M'malo mwake, kuti achitepo kanthu. Ndi lamulo osalembedwa kuti wapanga m'moyo wathu Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Mtundu gudumu, analenga kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, m'zaka za m'ma lotsatira wakhala ziwonjezeke kwa 18 mitundu - kuchokera 6 24. Komabe, mfundo mtundu, analenga pamaziko a makonda anthu maganizo, ngakhale kupanda n'loonadi sayansi, ndi bwino ntchito cha m'ma XXI, anakhala maziko zitsanzo ano mtundu.