Zionists - ndani? ndicho Zionism chiyani?

Zionists - ndani? Dziwani izi. Iwo ubwera mawu "Zionism" dzina la phiri la Ziyoni. Icho chinali chizindikiro cha Israel ndi Yerusalemu. Zionism ndi mfundo imene akufotokoza kufuna kwawo mbiri amene ali mu ukapolo wa Ayuda. gulu limeneli andale ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Pamene lingaliro anabadwa, lomwe linali maziko a Zionism?

Ganizo kubwerera ku Ziyoni anabadwa kwa Ayuda m'masiku akale, mu masiku pamene anathamangitsidwa Israel. Mchitidwe adzabweranso sanali latsopano. Za 2,500 zapitazo, Babulo kunja kwa Palestina la Ayuda ku dziko lakwawo. Modern Zionism anatuluka mu zaka za m'ma 19, choncho mwambo umenewu si anatulukira, koma anabwera pa gulu wakale ndi ganizo la gulu mawonekedwe ano.

Chilengezo cha 14 May 1948 pa mapangidwe dziko la Israyeli ndicho kayendedwe ka chidwi. umanena kuti Ayuda anatuluka mu Isiraeli.

chifaniziro chake ndale, chipembedzo ndi wauzimu chinapangidwa apa. anthu, monga mwa mawu, ndi mokakamiza anachotsedwa kwawo.

Kugwirizana pakati pa Ayuda ndi Aisiraeli

Tipitirize tikambirane funso ili: "? The Zionists - ndi ndani?" N'zosatheka kumvetsa zofuna za gulu lathu popanda kukambirana za m'gwirizanowu zimakhalanso zolimba wogwila mbiri pakati pa Israel ndi anthu Achiyuda. Zikuoneka pafupifupi 4 zaka chikwi. Zapitazo pamene Abraham anakakhala zimene tsopano ndi Israel. Mose 13 m'ma BC. e. Iye anatsogolera eksodo ya Ayuda ochokera ku Egypt, ndi Yoswa analanda kugawidwa pakati pa mafuko 12 a Isiraeli dziko. Patapita zaka 10-11. BC. e., mu nthawi ya Temple Choyamba, ankalamulidwa ndi mafumu m'chigawo cha Solomo, Davide ndi Saulo. Israel mu 486 BC. e. Iye anagwidwa ndi Ababulo, amene anawononga kachisi ndi Ayuda kwakukulukulu watengedwa ukapolo. Motsogozedwa ndi Nehemiya ndi Ezara m'nthawi zofanana, Ayuda anabwerera ku dziko lawo ndiponso kuti adzathe kukhazikitsa Temple. Anayamba nthawi ya Kachisi Wachiwiri. Izo zinatha ndi kugonjetsa Yerusalemu ndi Aroma ndipo kachiwiri kuonongeka kwa Kachisi mu 70 CE.

Ayuda anagalukira

Pambuyo pa adani a Ayuda Israel, Ayuda ambiri ankakhala. Iwo anakweza kwa 132 pogalukira Aroma kutsogoleredwa ndi Bar Kochba. Kwa nthawi yochepa anatha kamodzinso kupanga Ayuda boma palokha. Iwo anali kuponderezedwa mwankhanza kugalukira. Aphedwa pamene izo zinali, molingana ndi azambiriyakale, zikwi 50. Ayuda. Komabe, pambuyo kugalukira ndi idagonjetsedwa pa Israel anali akadali masauzande anthu Achiyuda.

Pambuyo 4. m'ma BC. e. Galileya kachiwiri anayambitsa chiwembu yaikulu yolimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Roma kachiwiri atathamangitsidwa unyinji wa Ayuda ku Israel, iwo requisitioned dziko lawo. Mu dziko m'ma 7 panali mmidzi yawo, zomwe anawerenga anthu miliyoni 1/4. Awa, anthu masauzande anathandiza Aperisiya amene anaukira Israyeli mu 614. Izi anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti Ayuda anali ziyembekezo mkulu mtundu, kuyambira Aperisiya asiya iwo 6 m'ma BC. e. kubwerera ku ukapolo ku Babulo mu dziko lawo.

Mu chaka cha AD 638. e., pambuyo Muslim kugonjetsa Arab, izo kusungunuka ochepa anthu lachiyuda. Zimenezi zinachitika gawo chifukwa cha Islamization yaukapolo. Pa nthawi yomweyo ku Yerusalemu kwa nthawi yaitali panali Ayuda mwachilungamo lalikulu. Analanda mzinda wa Yerusalemu mu 1099, a Akhristu kuphedwa, amene akuvutika tinali Asilamu ndi Ayuda. Komabe, pamene zikuchepa kuchepekela chiwerengero cha anthu mu Israel, oimira anthu zamakolo si kwathunthu mbisoweka.

utuluke m'dziko

Mkhristu aliyense gulu kapena magulu umesiya m'mbiri nthawi anabwerera kapena anayesa kuti alowe mu Isiraeli. Kamodzi otaya m'dziko mu 17 ndi 19 zaka zambiri, mwachitsanzo pamaso pa zikamera wa Zionism, kumabweretsa chakuti dera Ayuda a ku Yerusalemu m'chaka cha 1844, anakhala yaikulu pakati pa magulu ena achipembedzo. Tikumbukenso kuti mafunde a kusamuka Ayuda mu zaka zonse (ku 19 mochedwa ndipo m'zaka 20) anali yoyamba ndi ayi, ang'onoang'ono kukula ndipo si m'bungwe utuluke. Zionist repatriation anayamba ndi kusamuka kwa Israel palestinofilov, komanso mamembala a gulu Bilu. Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1882-1903, motero. Zitatha izi, mu zaka za m'ma 20 anali mafunde watsopano repatriation, amene ankachitika ndi Zionists. iwo ali, mumvetsa bwino pamene anamva zimene anali Cholinga chenicheni cha Zionism.

The mfundo yaikulu ya Zionism

Tikumbukenso kuti gululi ali ndi chapakati malo lingaliro, chimene Israel weniweni mbiri dziko la Ayuda. Malawi limati zina - ukapolo. Kuzindikiritsidwa ndi athamangitsidwe wa moyo mu ankagwiritsidwa - mfundo yaikulu ya kayendedwe ka maganizo, akamanena za Zionism. Choncho, gulu limeneli akufotokoza kugwirizana mbiri ya Ayuda ndi Aisiraeli. Koma N'zokayikitsa kwambiri kuti kudzachitika popanda masiku odana Semitism ndi kuzunzidwa masiku ano Ayuda amene anaphatikizana, ngati iwo anatsala yekha.

Zionism ndi odana Semitism

Ndiko kuti, Zionism tinganene kuti ngati anachita odana Semitism. Mungathe kuona ngati mtundu wa gulu odana ndi atsamunda, amene amakhala akhala chinyengo ndi tsankho pogroms ndi manyazi, kuti ndi munthu wina wamng'ono udindo wa boma ochepa.

Nkofunika kutsindika pankhani imeneyi Zionism - gulu landale, amene akutsatira ano odana Semitism. Komabe, tiyenera n'komwe pa yomweyo zaka mazana kuzunzidwa kwa Ayuda. zodabwitsazi unkachitika mu Europe kwa nthawi yaitali. Mobwerezabwereza, ndi kunja kwa Palestina European pansi kuphana ndi kuzunzidwa, zifukwa zachipembedzo chikhalidwe chuma, komanso mitundu ndi mayiko. Ku Ulaya, Ayuda kupita ku Dziko Woyera (11-12 m'ma) kudula Akhristu ndiponso kuphedwa chayamba pa mliri mliri m'zaka 14 anaimbidwa mlandu zitsime poizoni, mu nthawi ya kusaka anawatentha pamtengo mu Spain (m'ma 15), anakhala anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi misa kuphedwa ndi Cossacks ku Ukraine Khmelnitsky (m'ma 17). monga masauzande makamu a Petliura ndi Denikin anaphedwa, sparking Zionism mu nkhondo Russian boma. Image pansipa, anadzipereka kuti zochitika izi.

Pambuyo Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, zinthu zinavuta zoopsa. Ndiye wakupha anachokera Germany, kumene amasonkhana Ayuda akhala pofuna akuluakulu a kuloŵerera.

anthu awa m'mbiri anachotsedwa m'mayiko pafupifupi onse European: France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, England, Lithuania ndi Russia. mavuto onsewa ali kuchulukirachulukira kwa zaka zambiri, ndi zaka za m'ma 19, Ayuda ataya chiyembekezo cha kusintha kwa moyo wake.

Kodi kukhala atsogoleri Zionist gulu limeneli?

History of Zionism limasonyeza kuti atsogoleri a gulu Zionist anatembenuka zambiri aziwatsatira takumana ndi odana Semitism. Izo zinachitika kuti Mose Gesom amene anali odabwa mu 1840, amiseche kuukira moyo ku Damasiko Ayuda. Izo zinachitika ndi Leonom Pinskerom, amene pambuyo kuphedwa kwa Alexander II (1881-1882) unawonongedwa ndi unyolo pogroms, ndi Theodor Herzl (chithunzi pansipa), amene ngati mtolankhani ku Paris umboni ndawala odana ndi Ayuda anapezerapo mu 1896 mogwirizana ndi Dreyfus chibwenzi.

Zolinga za Zionists

Choncho, kayendedwe Zionist cholinga chake chachikulu kuganizira zochita za "vuto Ayuda." mbali anaona ngati anthu pogwira, vuto la ing'onoing'ono dziko, amene alibe nyumba yake ndi cholowa ndi - kuzunzidwa ndi pogroms. Kotero, ife anayankha funso: "? The Zionists - ndi ndani?" Tingaonenso wina chidwi chitsanzo, amene takambirana kale.

Kusala ndi mafunde a m'dziko

Pali kugwirizana pafupi pakati Zionism ndi kuzunzidwa Ayuda m'njira yakuti ambiri mafunde akuluakulu a m'dziko ku Israel wakhala anatsatira kupha kusalidwa ndi a Kunja kwa Palestina. Mwachitsanzo, Aliyah Choyamba anali yoyamba zaka 80 wa pogroms 19 atumwi ku Russia. The chachiwiri inayamba mndandanda wa pogroms mu Belarus ndi Ukraine m'zaka za m'ma 20. Ndipo wachitatu anali kuyankha kwa asilikali kupha wa Denikin ndi Petlyura Ayuda mu nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Popeza Zionism anatuluka mu Russia. Chachinayi Aliyah patapita zaka 20 kuchokera Poland, kenako kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ndi Ayuda entrepreneurship. Mu zaka 30, wachisanu Aliyah, anadza ku Austria ndi Germany kuthawa chiwawa Nazi, ndi zina zotero. D.

Pomaliza

Zolinga ndiponso zochita za Zionists Choncho, anathamangitsa makamaka ntchito yobwezeretsa chilungamo m'mbiri. Izi si tsankho, chifukwa mfundo imeneyi si zopanda chapamwamba cha anthu inayake, komanso kuli anthu osankhidwa, kapena "oyera mtundu". Kapena tinganene ankamuona ngati bourgeois kayendedwe ka dziko Zionism, monga nawo makalasi onse ndi strata wa anthu. Chitsogozo iye kwenikweni anali anthu ndi chiyambi bourgeois makamaka. Komabe, mofanana tinganene kuti magulu ena chosintha, kuphatikizapo Communist ndi zokomera. Zionism si "sioneka" mfundo limalimbikitsa Ayuda kusamukira ku Israel. Repatriate okhawo amene kugawana masomphenya Zionist za tsoka ndi mbiri ya mtundu uwu.