Onse Generalissimo wa dziko: mndandanda ndipo zithunzi

Generalissimo - ndi udindo wapamwamba kuti mungalandire asilikali. Mbali yapadera kuti nthawi zambiri sasamalira nthawi yaitali utumiki kapena utsogoleri okhoza ndi zinthu zazikulu kuti Mama. Choyamba, mawu ndi zina mwa XX atumwi, pamene analandira udindo wa anthu kwenikweni mayunitsi padziko lonse. makhalidwe apadera, palibe aliyense asilikali ankasiyana lonse la generalissimo lapansi. Mndandanda wa wotchuka kwambiri a iwo ayankhidwa takambiranazi.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Mawu akuti "generalissimo" ndi Latin anamasuliridwa kuti "zofunika kwambiri asilikali." Ndipo ndithudi, pa nthawi yonse ya chitukuko anthu sanachitepo udindo wapamwamba asilikali.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba anapereka udindo wapamwamba mu 1569 Mfumu Charles IX la France, m'bale wake, ndipo kenako m'malo mwake pa mpandowachifumu ndipo zinadziwika kwa dziko pansi pa dzina la Henry III. Komabe, ndiye iwo sunali udindo posachedwa, ndi mutu aulemu. Ndipo mnyamata wa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, amene anali Henry, ankadabwa ndi pa nthawi zosiyana kwambiri pa nkhondo.

Komanso, mutu uwu kupereka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri popanda systematization iliyonse. Nthawi zina izi analidi asilikali positi Kumwambamwamba, ndi zina - monga mutu, ena a boma n'kukagwiritsa Mulingo wa moyo, pamene ena - okha nthawi ya nkhondoyi. Kotero, si mapeto a Generalissimo wa Ages Middle tikusonkhana usilikali.

Mmodzi wa generalissimos wotchuka nthawi imeneyi anali ambiri chachikulu cha Woyera wa Chiroma, Albrecht Von Wallenstein, amene anakhala wotchuka pa Zaka Makumi Atatu nkhondo (1618 -. 1648 gg).

Ndipo kodi mu Russia?

Mu Russia Mulingo wa generalissimo anali woyamba mwalamulo anatumizidwa kazembe Alexander Sergeyevich Shein Tsar Peter I mu 1696 pambuyo wachiwiri Azov kampeni.

Kenako mutuwu aulemu anali kupereka Duke Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. Komabe, anakhala kumeneko miyezi yochepa kenako anadula udindo wake, anagwa kuchokera chiyanjo. Osati yaitali anali pamalo a generalissimo Mfumu John VI Russian bambo Anton Ulrich, ndicho mpaka kupasula mwana wake. Iwo Pambuyo mu 1741.

Koma mwini otchuka mutu wa generalissimo mu Russia anali mtsogoleri wamkulu wankhondo, mobwerezabwereza anagonjetsa Turkey ndi French, dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov (1730 -. 1800 gg). Chitaliyana nkhondo yake yotchuka udasonkhana mabuku pa pomenya nkhondo. Mwina, chiwerengero cha kunkhondo adzakhala nsanje onse generalissimo dziko. Suvorov mndandanda wa zinthu zimene N'zochititsa chidwi.

Generalissimo wa XIX atumwi

XIX m'ma anapatsa gulu la anthu kwambiri kupereka udindo. Pafupifupi onse a generalissimo nthawi imeneyi anali a asilikali lalikulu. Kupatulapo mwina kuti Duke Angulemskiy Lyudovik, lokha ngakhale nthawi mphindi makumi awiri kukaona Mfumu ya France.

ena onse akazembe, anasonyeza kuti kukhala woyenera Generalissimo a dziko. Lembani korona wopambana wa wotchuka Bonaparte - British Duke Artur Uelsli Vellington. Komanso, mutu analandira ngati asilikali otchuka, monga Austria Archduke Charles, Generalissimo la America Miguel Hidalgo, Prince Karl Philipp zu Schwarzenberg, General Napoleon Jean-Baptiste Zhyul Bernadot, anali kupereka pa udindo wapamwamba asilikali monga Mfumu Carl XIV Johan, Bavarian Prince Karl Filipp maziko Verde.

Koma mu Russian Ufumu, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa atsogoleri woyenera, palibe wina m'zaka za m'ma XIX sanali kupereka mutu wa Generalissimo.

Great generalissimo Mu zaka zapitazo

The mzaka zana makumi awiri anabweretsa akuluakulu awiri nkhondo padziko lonse ndipo ambiri nkhondo m'deralo. Izi zachititsa kuti nkhondo ya mayiko ambiriwo, kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu chinkhoswe mu positi boma ndi usilikali pa nthawi yomweyo. Pafupifupi onse a Generalissimo kwa zaka za m'ma 20 anali atsogoleri a boma. Zikuphatikizapo kanjedza ngati otchuka monga mutu wa Soviet Union Iosif Stalin, pulezidenti wa Republic of China Chan Kayshi, ndi Spanish wolamulira Francisco Franco, mutu wa DPRK Kim Iri Sen, ndi ena. Tiyeni tione biographies awo, kuphunzira kuposa anakhalapo ndi zimene anali kuchita generalissimo lalikulu la dziko. Photos ndi biographies wa anthu otchuka anapereka m'munsimu.

Sun Yat-sen - ndi generalissimo loyamba la XX atumwi

Sun Yat-sen (1866 - 1925 gg.) - States, chosintha ndi mtsogoleri wa Republic of China. Iye anali kupereka udindo wofunika pamaso Generalissimo ena a dziko lapansi kwa zaka za m'ma 20.

Zinali Sun Yat-sen anali chapatsogolo kunachitika m'munsi mwa Chinese Kuomintang Party. Pa yolimbirana mphamvu zisinthe limene linagwa boma lachifumu ku China, boma apangidwa kum'mwera. Sun Yat-sen anali mmenemo udindo waukulu - Generalissimo ya usilikali boma la mtundu China.

Mpaka mapeto a moyo wake, anamenyera kugwirizana kwa dziko mu chikhalidwe umodzi demokalase, koma anamwalira mu 1925 kupewedwa nkhaniyi.

Chan Kayshi - Pulezidenti wa Republic of China

Mwina wotchuka kwambiri Chinese Generalissimo wa XX atumwi anali Chan Kayshi (1887 - 1975 gg.).

Mtsogoleri nkhondo ndi ndale mu 1933 anaima helm wa Kuomintang, amene kwenikweni anathamanga yomweyo zambiri pambuyo pa imfa ya Sun Yat-sen. Zinali iye amene analimbikira pa chiyambi cha kumpoto ulendo mu 1926, umene kwambiri kukuza malire a dziko la China pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Mu 1928, Chan Kayshi anakhala mtsogoleri wa boma.

Mu 1931 anayamba Japanese nkhondo ya Manchuria, ndipo mu 1927 anathyola nkhondo lotseguka, imene Chan Kayshi anatenga mbali. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali kupereka mutu wa Generalissimo. Pambuyo chigonjetso cha mphamvu anagwirizana pa Japan pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu China, kunaulika nkhondo yapachiweniweni pakati pa mbali ya Kuomintang ndi wa Chikomyunizimu kutsogoleredwa ndi Mao Zedong. Chan Kayshi anatsogolera asilikali ake anagonjetsedwa ndipo anayenera abwerere kwa Taiwan. Pali Kuomintang boma la Republic of China unakhazikitsidwa. Chan Kayshi anakhalabe pulezidenti wa boma pang'ono anazindikira mpaka imfa yake mu 1975.

Iosif Stalin - mtsogoleri wa dziko la Soviet Union

Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili) (1878 - 1953) -. Apadera wandale, mtsogoleri wa dziko la Soviet Union. Inali nthawi ya ulamuliro wake, Soviet Union nawo amabwera pa mtengo chigonjetso chachikulu pa Nazi Germany. Chifukwa iye anali kupereka mutu wa Generalissimo. Imeneyi inali nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya dziko ku nthawi ya Suvorov.

Zotsatirazi chigonjetso ya October kuukira boma, Stalin anali mu utsogoleri wapamwamba wa boma wamng'ono. Atamwalira Lenin iye anapindula ikutenga mu kulimbirana mu theka lachiwiri la 20s anali kwenikweni mtsogoleri yekha wa Soviet Union.

Stalin anathamangitsa mfundo wachititsa zambiri zotsutsana maganizo pakati mbiri yakale chifukwa cha stiffness ake, ndipo nthawizina - chiwawa, misa repressions. Ndipo, koma, chifukwa kwambiri wakhala akwaniritsa, monga Soviet Union ochokera kumayiko ndi anakomoka pambuyo pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni chuma mofulumira lidzasinthidwa mphamvu mafakitale.

Stalin ndi Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Chikadzangotha mwadzidzidzi German kuukira dera la USSR, zinadziwika kuti khamu la Soviet atayandikira nkhondoyo osakonzekera. asilikali Ulamuliro wa Nazi anali patsogolo mofulumira, ndipo asilikali athu kuthawa kumtunda, kubweretsa zomvetsa wautali kwambiri anthu. Vinyo mu kusafuna wa asilikali makamaka apuma pa Stalin.

Komabe, mtengo wa khama yaikulu kwambiri ya Red Army anatha likatembenuza mafunde a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, kutaya kumbuyo mdani kupitirira malire a dziko, ndiyeno nkutenga Berlin.

Izinso, anali kupambana kwambiri Iosifa Stalina monga mutu wa boma ndi Mtsogoleri Wamkulu. Ngakhale zolephera miyezi a nkhondo, iye anali wokhoza kulamulira zinthu ndi kusankha bwino njira chisankho kuti akonzekeretse asilikali. Chifukwa cha kuphunzira izi, Stalin anali kupereka mwapamwamba asilikali udindo - Generalissimo. udindo uwu anamuuza zochita za Supreme Soviet la USSR mu June 1945. udindo asilikali , iye mwaluso pamodzi ndi boma ntchito utsogoleri, monga, ndithudi, pa nthawi imeneyo, ndipo Generalissimo zina za dziko. List udindo kupereka izi mkulu mu dziko lathu chimakwirira chabe Iosif Stalin.

Francisco Franco - wopondereza wa Spain

Francisco Franco (1892 - 1975 gg.) - mmodzi wa kanjedza kwambiri maganizo m'mbiri yamakono. Koma, koma, zochita zake zinamuthandiza kuti otchuka osachepera Generalissimo zina za dziko. Franco mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe takwaniritsa amakhudza kwambiri ndipo kumaphatikizapo kuchita onse umalimbana, ndithudi, ubwino wa Spain, ndi zochita zenizeni.

World wotchuka caudillo, monga kudali kulemekeza kuchokera pamene, yotengedwa ndi kukonza mu 1936 mu chiwembu asilikali Spain. Pa nthawi yomweyo analandira udindo wa Generalissimo. Akugonjetsa Republican mu Civil nkhondo, ndi mchirikizo wa Nazi ku Germany ndi lopondereza Italy, anakhala pafupifupi akulamulira yekha wa Spain, kukhazikitsa ndi authoritarian boma mu dziko.

Pambuyo chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri, Franco anatenga mbali a m'mayikowo, ndi kuyesa kusunga chosalowerera ndale, kumene monga momwe mbiri yasonyeza, zinali mwanzeru kwambiri. Zimenezi zinkathandiza kuti musunge mphamvu 1945. Ndipotu, analamulira Spain mpaka imfa yake mu 1975, akupereka pa kasamalidwe ka boma Mfumu Juan Carlos I.

Motero, XX m'ma Franco anakhala mu mphamvu kuposa zimene wina aliyense wa Generalissimo a dziko. Onse akulamulira, kaphatikizidwe apamwamba boma ndi asilikali maudindo, zaka 36.

Kim Iri Sen - North Korea anayambitsa

Kim Iri Sen (1912 - 1994 gg.) - mtsogoleri woyamba ndi woyambitsa wa Korea North. nthaŵi ndi mu udindo wapamwamba asilikali m'ma 20, zosakwana onse a generalissimo wa dziko - pang'ono kuposa zaka ziwiri.

Kim Iri Sen anabadwa mu Korea mu 1912. yonena zidakali kwambiri pa mlanduwo, ngakhale zinsinsi ena waphimbika mu lonse la generalissimo a dziko. Mayina mu njira ya ntchito zake chosintha Kim Iri Sen anasintha zambiri, ngakhale mwa kubadwa anali Kim Song Yehu.

Mu 1945, Kim Iri Sen anakhala wapampando wa Party Communist la Korea, ndipo chaka chamawa - mutu wa boma latsopano la Republic Democratic ku Korea anthu. Mu 50s izo kunabuka nkhondo nkhanza ndi Korea South, mothandizidwa ndi United States. Koma ndithu, ndewu sanam'bweretsere aliyense chogwirika mwayi. Nkhondo itatha popanda wopambana bwino.

Pambuyo pake, Kim Iri Sen lolunjika pa zochitika m'banja. Ulamuliro wake anali atavala mbali yowala ya authoritarianism ndi umunthu mpatuko. Mu 1992, zaka ziwiri aphedwe, Kim Il Sung anali kupereka mutu wa Generalissimo.

Generalissimo: udindo mbiri

Mbiri mbali iliyonse munthu otchuka amene anali udindo wapamwamba asilikali, n'zovuta Musaone. Chopereka kwambiri mbiri pafupifupi onse Generalissimo a dziko. Lembani kupambana kwawo ndi zina zomwe zimapezeka mu buku lililonse pa mbiri. Ndipo kukumbukira iwo wodutsapo pakamwa.

Ndipo zimenezi si zodabwitsa, chifukwa ulemerero wa asilikali ndi boma zikayenda palokha ndi chipilala kuti kanjedza ngati wotchuka mbiri monga generalissimo a dziko. Mayina Suvorov, Wallenstein, Menshikov, Sun Yat-sen, Stalin, Kim Il Sung, ndi mafanizo ena odziwika bwino nthawi zonse adzakhala gawo la mbiri.