Kumalo ozizira siteshoni "Vostok" Antarctica: kufotokoza, mbiri, nyengo ndi kupeza

Lodziwika bwino Russian siteshoni kumalo ozizira "Vostok" mu Antarctica analengedwa mu 1957. Malowa ali pamtunda pakati pa kulalikira, ayezi ndi chipale chofewa. Ngati zaka 59 zapitazo, ndi lero ndi chizindikiro cha inaccessibility mtengo.

Mtunda ku siteshoni kwa Pole South ndi zosakwana kunyanja, ndi anthu siteshoni si upambana anthu 25. Low kutentha, kutalika makilomita oposa atatu pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi kudzipatula kwathunthu ku dziko m'nyengo yozizira kutembenukira mu umodzi wa wovuta kwambiri kwa mokhalamo malo padziko lapansi. Ngakhale zovuta, moyo pa "East" sasiya ngakhale pa -80 ° C. Asayansi akuyendayenda wapadera subglacial nyanja, yomwe inali pa akuya makilomita anayi.

malo

siteshoni Scientific "Vostok" (Antarctica) ili mu 1253 kukafika ku Pole South ndi 1260 kukafika ku gombe la nyanja. Icecap apa kufika makulidwe a 3700 m. M'nyengo yozizira, siteshoni sangakhoze anafika, kotero ofufuza kumalo ozizira kudalira yekha pa mphamvu zawo. ndege anapulumutsa apa mu katundu chilimwe. "Patsogolo" kwa cholinga chomwecho ndi ntchito chopunthira-mbozi sitima ku siteshoni. Poyamba, monga sitima kubwera ndi "Mtendere" siteshoni, koma lero, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hummocks m'njira ya sitima, zinali zosatheka.

Kumalo ozizira siteshoni "Vostok" lili pafupi South Geomagnetic Pole la dziko lathuli. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuchita kusintha kafukufuku Dziko Lapansi maginito. M'nthawi ya chilimwe pamalopa ndi za anthu makumi - akatswiri ndi asayansi.

"Vostok" siteshoni: history, nyengo

Wapadera pakati sayansi inamangidwa mu 1957 kufufuza ndipo ananena topezeka a Antarctica. Kuyambira pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Russian siteshoni "Vostok" mu Antarctica sanasiye ntchito, ntchito mayi lero. Asayansi amachita chidwi mu relict subglacial nyanja. wapadera pobowola glacial madipoziti adamangidwa m'ma nineties pamalopa. Choyamba matenthedwe kubowola kenako electromechanical pa chingwe onyamula ankagwiritsa ntchito.

Pobowola AARI gulu ndi Leningrad Migodi Institute ichitikire anapeza wapadera mobisa nyanza "East". Ndi chobisika ayezi pepala makulidwe mamita oposa zikwi zinayi. miyeso yake, mwina makilomita 250x50. Kuya oposa 1,200 mamita. Malo kuposa 15,5 zikwi makilomita lalikulu.

Tsopano chitukuko cha ntchito yatsopano kwa kafukufuku wa nyanja kwambiri. "East" - siteshoniyi Antarctica, anatenga gawo mu chandamale feduro pulogalamu "World Ocean". Komanso, ofufuza akufufuza ntchito anthu zinthu zoopsa.

nyengo

mavuto wotchuka kumalo ozizira siteshoni "Vostok". Nyengo ya malo tinganene mwachidule - malo ozizira padziko lapansi. Apa, osachepera mtheradi olembedwa kutentha - 89 ° C. Avereji zizindikiro kutentha mu chaka osiyanasiyana kuchokera -31 ° C ndi - 68 ° C, mpaka pazipita mtheradi, omwe chili mu godu lakutali 1957 - -13 ° C. masiku 120 akupitiriza usiku kumalo ozizira - kuchokera mochedwa April mochedwa August.

The miyezi otchulidwa pa siteshoni - December ndi January. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha -35,1 ° C -35,5 ° C. kutentha Izi n'zofanana ndi yozizira tizilombo ta matenda. Mwezi kunkafika pachimake - August. mpweya kutentha ikagwa -75,3 ° C, ndipo nthawizina pansipa -88,3 ° C. The pazipita ozizira (tsiku) -52 ° C, chifukwa anaona zonse May kutentha sasefukira pamwamba -41.6 ° C. Koma otsika kutentha - si vuto lalikulu nyengo ndi vuto chifukwa ofufuza.

Station "East" (Antarctica) lili m'dera ndi pafupifupi ziro chinyezi. Apa pali kusowa oxygen. siteshoni lili pa mtunda wa mamita oposa zikwi zitatu pamwamba pa nyanja. Chonchi malo ovuta acclimatization anthu chimakhala cha mlungu umodzi mpaka miyezi iwiri. Zimenezi zambiri limodzi ndi twinkle mu maso, chizungulire, nosebleeds, kupweteka makutu, kudzikayikira suffocation, kuthamanga magazi, matenda tulo, kusowa chilakolako chakudya, kunyansidwa, kupweteka kwambiri minofu ndi mafupa, kuwonda la makilogalamu mpaka zisanu.

ntchito sayansi

"East" - siteshoni ku Antarctica, komwe akatswiri ndife oposa theka m'zaka za kafukufuku ndi mchere ndi hydrocarbon zipangizo, kumwa amapereka madzi, yotengekatengeka actinometrical, aero-nyengo, glaciological ndi kuyang'anila geophysical. Kuwonjezera apo, kafukufuku zachipatala, kuphunzira kusintha kwa nyengo, kafukufuku "Mpweya umene dzenje" ndi zina zotero. D.

Moyo pamalopa

"East" - siteshoniyi Antarctica, komwe anthu wapadera moyo ndi ntchito. Iwo ali wamphamvu wokhulupirika chifukwa chakuti akufuna kuphunzira Africa ichi. akamakonda lino, tanthauzo lenileni la mawu, ndi kulola kuti apirire mavuto onse olekanitsa moyo nthaŵi yaitali kuchokera okondedwa. moyo kumalo ozizira zitha kaduka okha extremals wosimidwa.

Station "Vostok" (Antarctica) lili ndi zinthu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku ndi tsiku tazunguliridwa ndi ena tizilombo - agulugufe, udzudzu, ntchentche zoluma. Pa siteshoni, palibe. Palibe ngakhale tizilombo. The madzi apa - kuchokera chisanu anasungunuka. Iwo lilibe mchere kapena mchere, kotero nthawi yoyamba mbewu antchito akukumana ludzu nthawi zonse.

Tanena kale kuti akatswiri akhala mokhomerera bwino kwachinsinsi Nyanja Vostok. Mu 2011, pa akuya mamita 3540 anatulukira ndi ayezi latsopano kuti namerz pansipa. Izi mazira madzi m'nyanja. Kumalo ozizira amati uli woyera ndi zosangalatsa kukoma, akhoza yophika ndi zinachitika tiyi.

nyumbayi, kunyumba kwa ofufuza kumalo ozizira mwazindikira ziwiri mita wosanjikiza wa chisanu. Mkati palibe masana. lotulukira awiri kunja kutsogolera - chachikulu ndi kusunga. Njira yaikulu - ndi khomo kudzera amene anakumba chisanu makumi asanu mita mumphangayo. kuchoka Emergency wamfupi kwambiri. Ndi masitepe phompho kutsogolera padenga la siteshoni.

The nyumba zogona ali komwera mowa, pa TV pa mpanda (ngakhale lapadziko wailesi ina ya kanema palibe), dziwe tebulo. Pamene firiji akutsikira pansi pa ziro, pali zonse yesetsani kupita. Koma tsiku lina, ofufuza katundu anapeza zosalongosoka Masewero kutonthoza. Iwo anali anakonza, kugwirizana TV ndi wardroom anakhala ndi moyo - tsopano pali kupita ofufuza. Mu zikhoto zofunda ndi kabudula, nsapato ndi zipewa, iwo anabwera kusewera ndewu ndi mafuko.

Kumalo ozizira chidwi kuti siteshoni "Vostok" (Antarctica) ndi n'kukhala mawu a moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zisakuyenda bwino. Ofunda kukhalira m'nyumba, zipinda ntchito maphunziro, m'chipinda chodyera, unit dizilo ndi zina zofunika pa moyo wa kapangidwe ka siteshoni moyo pano alandiridwa ndithu.

Moto pa "Vostok" siteshoniyi Antarctica

Akhumi mu April 1982 "East" sakhala kukhudzana ndi kumtunda. Palibe yekha ndi amene angalosere chimene chinachitika. Usiku, pa ndandanda, siteshoni anaonekera pa Relation kanayi. Pamene kugwirizana sanali ndi wachiwiri ola yoikidwiratu, zinaonekeratu: panali chinachake chapadera. Kulephera kulankhulana - Mulimonsemo ngozi mwadzidzidzi. Makulidwe a vuto pamalopa palibe amene akanatha kuoneratu.

Station "East" (Antarctica) ali chipinda osiyana, pomwe anaikidwa dizilo opangira magetsi. Pali ndipo moto usiku wa pa March 12. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha dzinja. Mwa mphamvu linamangidwa nyumba yaing'ono imene anakhala zimango. Iwo amadzuka folo m'mawa fungo acrid utsi.

Kunja, anapeza kuti moto woyaka padengapo. A maminiti pang'ono ndi winterers onse mopupuluma obvekadwa ndipo anathawa mu kuzizira. Adzitengere ulamuliro kuti aunika m'deralo, anatuluka. Kuwalako kunali kokha pa moto.

moto Kumenya Nkhondo

The moto anayamba kuponya chisanu, ndipo kenako anayesetsa kubisa ndi lona kuteteza mwayi wa oxygen. Koma lona akayaka yomweyo. Anthu amene anakwera padenga, anali mwamsanga kudumpha pansi. Denga adzanyekeratu kwa mphindi makumi atatu.

meters khumi ochokera anaima thanki ndi dizilo. Kokani iwo kunali kosatheka - iwo ali kuchisenza. Mwamwayi, Mphepo inali zosiyana. Opulumutsidwa koma ndi kuti dizilo kunali kuzizira kwambiri, kuzizira anakhala viscous. Iye anali atakhala otentha kwambiri kugwira kunja.

Pomwepo ofufuza sanadziwe kuti pali injiniya wina pakati pawo. mtembo wake anapezeka m'phulusa. Chikadzangotha moto malo okwerera anatsala popanda kutentha ndi kuwala, koma msewu anali -67 ° C ...

Kodi kupulumuka?

Panali tsoka weniweni. Pansi awiri dizilo jenereta kwathunthu kunja siteshoni kuti aziwapatsa magetsi ndi malo awiri. Musakhale kuwala mu zipinda iwo De-zikundithandiza zida za sayansi, mabatire ndi utakhazikika pansi mbaula mu wopalasa ngalawayo ndi. Vuto linali ngakhale madzi - iwo unakonzedwa elektrotayalke wa chisanu. Mu chipinda zofunikira anapeza akale mbaula palafini. Iwo anagwidwa mmodzi wa nyumba zogona.

Ndipo pa nthawi ino mwaphuma kufunafuna njira kuti zinthu mu Moscow. Ife anafunsira ndi oyendetsa ndi amalinyero. Koma palibe njira akhoza akuyendera opweteka usiku kumalo ozizira.

Moyo pambuyo moto

Ofufuza anaganiza kuti apulumuke zawo. anyamata wolimba sanayembekezere thandizo ku Chile. Mu Moscow, uthenga wailesi chinakonzeka: "Mpaka kasupe adzapulumuka." Iwo ankadziwa kuti kontinenti achisanu sakhululuka missteps, koma alibe chifundo kwa amene amamva chisoni.

Wintering anapitiriza kukakamiza-majeure zinthu. Ofufuza asamukira okhalamo wina waung'ono. Pamaziko a zonenepa mpweya nzelu masitovu asanu latsopano. Mu chipinda chino, yemwe anali kuchipinda, ndi chodyera, ndi khitchini, ndipo zida za sayansi.

The drawback waukulu wa ng'anjo atsopano anayamba wakuda. Iye anatola ndowa patsiku. Patapita kanthawi, chifukwa nzeru aerology ndi kuphika winterers akhoza kuphika mikate. Zina mwa mayeso, anaumirira makoma uvuni, ndipo potero mkate edible kwathunthu.

Komanso otentha chakudya, ndi kutentha ankafunika kuwala. Ndiyeno anthu zamphamvu anayamba kupanga makandulo ntchito alipo paraffin ndi asibesitosi chingwe. "Kandulo fakitale" ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja.

Kugwira ntchito!

Ngakhale zinthu zosaneneka, ofufuza ambiri anayamba kuganizira mofatsa kupitiriza ntchito sayansi. Koma ichi chinali chifukwa kuchepekedwa yaikulu ya magetsi. The injini yekha kupulumuka amakwaniritsa zofuna wailesi ndi kuwotcherera. Ndi kungoti "mantha kupuma."

Komabe meteorologist usokoneze amakumana nyengo lokha pa moto. Pambuyo pa tsokalo, iye anagwira ntchito monga mwachizolowezi. Kuyang'ana pa iye, ndipo anayambiranso ntchito magnetologist.

chipulumutso

Choncho unachitikira wintering - ozizira kwambiri, popanda dzuwa pamene mpweya kuchepa, ndi zovuta yaikulu. Koma anthu awa kupirira, kuti palokha ndi feat. Iwo sanataye kudziletsa ndi "kukoma" ntchito. Iwo unakhala kwa miyezi 7.5, monga zinalonjezedwa ndi Moscow curators, zinthu zavutitsitsa.

Kumayambiriro kwa November ku siteshoni anaulukira IL 14, zimene zinabweretsa jenereta latsopano ndi anayi latsopano wintering chotsatira, maulendowa 28. Iwo anali m'gulu la okwera a ndege ndi Doctor yaitali. Iye anati iye ankayembekezera kuona pamalopa nkhongono ndi anthu atatopa. Komabe, izi anyamata anali chabwino.

Ndipo atapita masiku khumi ndi asanu a "Mtendere" anafika tirigu-thalakitala sitima. Iye anabweretsa zomangira ndi katundu, komanso onse yomanga magetsi. Ikadzatha nthawi imeneyo anapita okwerera msanga: aliyense anayesa popeza anapeza "mangawa" kafukufuku.

Pamene zinasintha, ndi ofufuza wolimba anatumiza pandege kuti "mtendere". Bolodi chomwecho ndipo anabweretsa mtembo wa womwalirayo Alexei Karpenko. Iwo anaikidwa Antarctic "Novodevichy" manda. Enawo anatitumiza kwa ngalawa kumalo ozizira "Bashkiria" chimene chinachitika kuti Leningrad. Lero, iwo onse ndi moyo, ndipo anthu ena anali pa nthawi imeneyo kamodzinso kutenga mbali kukaona Antarctic.

Station "Vostok": kuyendera malamulo

Alendo, chifukwa nkhaniyo, ndi apaulendo okonzeka siteshoni sikuti priglashayut- Center Research. Komabe, kukaona "East" akadali zotheka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pofuna ayenera kutsatira kuti Institute ndi Research ya Arctic ndi kutsimikizira momveka chifukwa siteshoni akuwafuna. Osachepera zofunika ntchito - ndi thanzi labwino ndi zambiri maluso.