Kodi Mozart anamwalira bwanji ndipo amamuika kuti? Zojambulajambula ndi zamoyo za Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ndi woimira bwino kwambiri sukulu ya ku Vienna. Ankadziwa bwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana zoimbira za nthawi yake, anali ndi khutu lapadera komanso luso lapadera lothandizira. M'mawu ake, katswiri. Ndipo kuzungulira moyo ndi imfa ya munthu wanzeru nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphekesera zambiri. Wolembayo anamwalira ali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu. Imfa yake yoyambirira inali yotsutsana, inakhazikitsa maziko a ntchito zolemba. Kodi Mozart anamwalira motani? Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani anafa mwadzidzidzi? Ndipo Mozart ali pati?

Wolemba, yemwe mbiri yake yakhala yochititsa chidwi kwa ofufuza padziko lonse kwa zaka zopitirira mazana awiri, anamwalira mu 1791. Zolemba za anthu odziwika zimatengedwa kuyambira ndi kubadwa. Koma zojambula za Mozart ndi zazikulu kwambiri moti nthawi zonse zimayenera kusamalidwa kwambiri. M'nkhaniyi, zidzakhala, choyamba, momwe Mozart adafera. Pali malingaliro ambiri. Koma molingana ndi malemba ovomerezeka, chifukwa cha imfa chinali matenda aakulu. Koma musanayambe kufotokoza masiku otsiriza a Mozart, muyenera kufotokozera mbiri yake.

Ubwana

Kodi Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart anabadwira kuti? Mzinda waunyamata wachinyamata wamkulu wa nyimbo ndi Salzburg. Bambo a Amadeus anali violinist. Leopold Mozart anapereka moyo wake kwa ana. Iye anachita zonse kuti atsimikizire kuti mwana wake wamwamuna ndi mwana wake adalandira maphunziro abwino oimba. Ndi nyimbo. Maluso apadera kuyambira adakali aang'ono adasonyeza onse Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, amene mbiri yake ikufotokozedwa m'nkhani ino, ndi mchemwali wake wamkulu Nannerl.

Leopold anayamba kuphunzitsa mwana wake wamkazi kuti azisewera bwino kwambiri harpsichord. Wolfgang anali panthawiyo nthawi yaying'ono kwambiri. Koma adatsatira maphunziro a mchemwali wake ndipo adabwerezapo nyimbo zina. Kenako Leopold anaganiza kuti mwana wakeyo ayenera kukhala wolemba nyimbo. Wolfgang, monga Nannerl wake, anayamba kulankhula mofulumira kwambiri. Omvera anali okondwa ndi geeks.

Achinyamata ndi chiyambi cha kulenga

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1781, munthu wolimba mtima wa m'nkhaniyi ankakhala ku Vienna. Ntchito za Beethoven ndi Haydn ndizokhazikitsidwa. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, pamodzi ndi oimba ambiriwa, adalenga ntchito zomwe sizidzaiwalika. Anakwanitsa kufika pamtunda wotere osati chifukwa cha talente yeniyeni, komanso kugwira ntchito mwakhama.

Mozart anamwalira zaka zingati? Wolembayo anali chabe makumi atatu ndi zisanu. Ndipo zaka khumi asanamwalire, adakhala ku Vienna. Panthawi yochepa imeneyi, Wolfgang adachoka ku nyimbo yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yoimba kwambiri.

Nyumbayi inali ya Weber, yemwe banja lake linali ndi ana atatu osakwatiwa. Mmodzi wa iwo - mkazi wamtsogolo wa Wolfgang, Constance. Mu chaka chomwecho, pamene adadutsa pakhomo la nyumba ya Weber kwa nthawi yoyamba, adayamba kupanga opera "Kuchotsedwa kwa Seraglio". Ntchitoyi inavomerezedwa ndi anthu a ku Viennese, koma dzina la Mozart silinali lolemera m'magulu a nyimbo.

Ulemerero

Pasanapite nthawi Mozart anakwatira Constance Weber. Pambuyo paukwati, ubale wake ndi abambo ake unasokonekera. Mozart wamkulu kuyambira mpaka masiku otsiriza anachitira mpongozi wake mwaukali. Chidule cha mbiri ya Wolfgang chikugwa pakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu. Zaka zingapo asanamwalire, amayamba kulandira ndalama zambiri. Anthu osasunthira amanyamuka kupita ku nyumba, kukagula antchito ndi kugula piyano panthawi ya ndalama. Woimbayo amamanga ubwenzi ndi Haydn, amene nthawi ina amaperekanso ntchito zake.

Mu February 1785 nyimbo ya piyano mu D ochepa idaperekedwa kwa anthu. "Nchifukwa chiani Mozart wamkulu adafera mu umphaŵi?" - nthawi zina mukhoza kumva funso loterolo. Kodi maziko a kuganizira za mavuto azachuma a woimba piyano ndi wolemba nyimbo? Ndipotu, pakati pa zaka zapakati pa makumi asanu ndi atatu, Mozart anali pachimake cha mbiri yake. Iye anali mmodzi mwa olemera kwambiri oimba ku Vienna mu 1787. Zaka zinayi asanamwalire, anatumiza mwana wake ku sukulu yophunzitsa mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri. Ndipo mu chaka chomwecho woimba wamkuluyo anaphatikizana ndi malo otchedwa Masonic lodge. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, udindo wa wolembayo wakhala ukugwedezeka. Komabe, adakali kutali ndi umphaŵi.

Mavuto azachuma

Mu 1789, mkazi wa Wolfgang anadwala. Anamukakamiza kumutumiza kuchipatala, chomwe chinasokoneza ndalama zake. Patangopita miyezi ingapo, Constance anachira. Panthawi imeneyo kale anali atapambana kwambiri "Ukwati wa Figaro." Mozart anayamba kulemba ntchito ku masewero. Iye analemba opasitanti kale. Koma ntchito zake zoyambirira sizinapambane.

Chaka chomaliza cha moyo wa Mozart chakhala chochuluka kwambiri. Iye adalemba nyimbo ya G-yaying'ono, ali ndi udindo wophunzitsa. Ndipo, potsiriza, ndinayamba kugwira ntchito pa "Requiem". Ntchito imeneyi Mozart inalamula ndi mlendo yemwe akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira mkazi wake.

Amafuna

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, yemwe ali ndi mbiri yodabwitsa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti anali atangoyamba kufa, analemba zolemba zambirimbiri za ntchito. Anali ndi ophunzira ambiri, adalandira malipiro abwino kuchokera kuzinthu za ntchito zake. Atatsala pang'ono kufa, anayamba ntchito yake yomaliza - "Requiem". Ntchitoyo inamugwira, ndipo adaleka kulandira ophunzira. Komanso, thanzi lake linayamba kuwonongeka ndi tsiku lirilonse.

Pofotokoza mmene Mozart anamwalira, anauzidwa zaka zambiri ndi achibale, mboni za imfa ya woimba nyimbo. Ena mwa iwo anali mwana wa woimba. Malingana ndi zomwe achibalewo anakumbukira, Mozart mwadzidzidzi anamva koipa moti anayenera kupita kuchipatala. Ndipo palibe imodzi, koma yabwino ku Vienna. Inde, mchiritsiyo anathandiza woimbayo. Komabe, kusinthako sikungakhalitse. Pasanapite nthaŵi Mozart anamaliza kumapeto.

Chiwombankhanga choopsa

Malingana ndi malemba a Sophie Weber - apongozi ake a woimbira - atatha kudwala, achibalewo adaganiza kuti aitane dokotala wina. Chifukwa cha imfa ya Mozart ndizovuta, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zinali zosazolowereka kuti sanalole madokotala kuti agwirizane pa matendawa.

M'masabata apitawo, kumvetsera kwa wolembayo kwakula. Anamva ululu wosasimbika, ngakhale kukhudza thupi lake ku zovala zake. Mozart anafooka tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, matenda ake anaipiraipira chifukwa cha njira zopanda ungwiro zamankhwala. Wodwala anali kupatsidwa magazi nthawi zonse: chipangizochi chochiritsira chinkaonedwa ngati chilengedwe chonse panthawiyo. Chifukwa cha imfa ya Mozart, mwinamwake, chikanakhazikitsidwa ngati akanakhala m'zaka za m'ma 2000. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu njira zothandizira zinali, kuziyika mofatsa, zopanda ntchito. M'ndandanda ya imfa ya munthu wodziwa kuyimilira: amafiira mapira.

Matendawa anavutika panthawiyo ndi gawo lalikulu la anthu a Viennese. Momwe angachitire izo, madokotala sankadziwa. Kotero mmodzi wa madokotala, atatha kuyendera munthu wakufa, anatsimikiza kuti sakanakhoza kupulumutsidwa.

Zowonongeka kwa thupi lonse

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Mozart ndi mutu wa mabuku ambiri, mafilimu ndi zolemba. Mphatso yake yosawerengeka inapezedwa ali wamng'ono. Koma kuwonjezera pa luso lapadera, Mozart, mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, amachita khama kwambiri. Malingana ndi momwe Mozart adafera, ananena lero zambiri. Pali nyimbo yomwe woimba wamkuluyo anawotcha ndi nsanje ya Salieri. Koma anthu a m'nthaŵi ya woimbayo ankakhulupirira mosiyana.

Imfa ya Mozart itatha, madokotala ena adanena kuti afa ndi matenda aakulu opatsirana. Thupi lake silingathe kumenyana chifukwa cha kufooka kwathunthu. Mozart yemwe anali wofooka anali ndi zaka zambiri za ntchito popanda kusokoneza ndi kupumula.

Kwa zaka zambiri, zikuvuta kwambiri kuti ofufuza athandizidwe ndi oimba. M'mabuku a Sophie Weber ndi achibale ena kumeneko pali zotsutsana zambiri. Ndizimenezi zinabweretsa Mabaibulo ambiri za imfa ya Amadeus Mozart. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo.

Salieri

Baibulo limene Mozart anaphedwa ndi dzanja la munthu wansanje ndilofala kwambiri. Ndipo iye ndiye amene anapanga maziko a zovuta za Pushkin. Malinga ndi buku ili, moyo wa Mose ndi ntchito zake zinali kuzungulira. Chilengedwe chimati chinapatsa woimbayo luso kotero kuti sikunali kofunikira kuti ayesetse. Onse a Mozart ankatha kusewera, zosavuta. Ndipo Salieri, chifukwa cha khama lake lonse, sankakwanitsa kukwaniritsa nawo zomwe Mozart ankadziwa.

Ntchito ya Pushkin imachokera ku zamatsenga. Koma owerenga ambiri lerolino samasiyanitsa malingaliro a wolemba kuchokera kuzinthu zowatsimikizira. Akatswiri a Pushkin amatsutsa kuti nzeru ndi zoipa sizigwirizana. Ntchito ya mlembi wa ku Russia Salieri akuyambitsa poizoni wa Mozart, chifukwa sindimagwirizana naye. Iye amakhulupirira kuti amabweretsa wachabechabe, koma wopeka mphatso ngati nsembe kwa luso.

Lingaliro lakuti Salieri ndi wambanda amalingaliridwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa mafotokozedwe aponso chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi anayi mphambu makumi asanu ndi anayi mu mpingo umodzi chivumbulutso chake chinapezeka, momwe adavomereza ndi kulapa zomwe adachita. Palibe umboni wotsimikiza kuti chikalata ichi chinalipo. Komabe, ngakhale lerolino, mafanizidwe ambiri a chilengedwe cha Mozart ali otsimikiza kuti munthu wodalirika wasokonezedwa ndi "wothandizana naye".

Constance

Pali mtundu wina wa poizoni. Amzake ake amakhulupirira kuti Mozart anatumizidwa ku dziko lotsatira ndi mkazi wake. Ndipo mmodzi wa ophunzira a woimbira adamuthandiza pa izi. Ngati mumakhulupirira zabodza, chikondi cha Constance ndi Zyusmayra chinkaphatikizidwa ndi kufotokozera za ubale ndi mgwirizano wapadera. Mkazi wokondedwa wa Mozart anali munthu wolakalaka kwambiri, osakhala wa ntchito. Ndipo iye akanakhoza bwino kuti alowe mu chikondi ndi Constance kokha kuti akalowere mphunzitsi wake wamkulu. Koma bwanji Siusmair akuyenera kuchotsa Mozart? Kodi imfa yake ingamupatse chiyani?

Kuonjezera apo, izi sizinali zovomerezeka chifukwa chakuti pambuyo pa imfa ya woimbayo nkhani yake idasungidwa. Ndipo icho ndi pangano kwa kudzipereka kwakukulu ndi chikondi chomwe chinkalamulira mu banja la Mozart.

Kupha mwambo

Ndipo, potsiriza, mawonekedwe atsopano. Ngati timangoganizira zokhazo zomwe zimanenedwa za imfa yamantha, ndiye kuti izi ndizozikhulupilirika kwambiri. Monga tanena kale, woimba wamkulu anali mu malo ogona a Masonic. Masons, monga lamulo, athandize "abale" awo. Koma iwo sanamuthandize Mozart pamene anali muvuto lachuma. Iwo amanyalanyaza imfa ya wopanga, popanda kuletsa msonkhano wotsatira ngati chizindikiro cha kulira.

Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha kuphedwa chinali cholinga cha Mozart kuti adziwe bokosi lake. Mu imodzi mwa ntchito zomalizira - "Mphukira ya Magic" - chiwonetsero cha Masonic chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwonetseranso zofanana ndi zomwe simunayambe sikunayambe. Mwina Mozart anaphedwa ndi abambo ake.

Bisani

Zimadziwika kuti Mozart anaikidwa m'manda. Ku Manda a St. Mark. Tsiku loikidwa m'manda limatsutsanabe. Malingana ndi malemba apamwamba - December 6. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Mozart anaikidwa m'manda achimake omwe amachitira osauka. Koma, malinga ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale, kuikidwa mmanda kunachitika pa gulu lachitatu. Sindinali maliro a wopemphapempha, komanso osati mwambo wokondweretsa woimba nyimbo, woimba piyano, mphunzitsi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika, ulemerero weniweni kwa Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart unabwera pambuyo pa imfa yake.