Teodor Gertsl: yonena maganizo

Teodor Gertsl - wolemba, mtolankhani, anayambitsa Zionism ndale. dzina lake ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha Israel masiku ano ndi mbiri yonse Ayuda. Theodore analenga World Zionist Organization. dzina lace mipata yambiri ndi misewu m'mizinda Israeli. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kutchulidwa yonena mwachidule wolemba.

ubwana

Teodor Gertsl anabadwa mu Budapest 1860. The mnyamata anakulira m'banja anaphatikizana, amene sanali alendo ndi mwambo wa Ayuda. The kwambiri chifukwa agogo ake Theodore anali Myuda, ndi kuphunzira ndi Rabbi Yehuda Alcalay. Koma mayi ndi bambo a mwanayo miyambo ambiri ananena Ayuda. Ngakhale achinyamata Herzl ndipo anadutsa mwambo "mipiringidzo mitzvah" ndipo mdulidwe, kudzipereka kwake kwa Chiyuda anali m'malo weniweni. Iye sankadziwa chinenero kapena miyambo ya pulayimale Israel.

kuphunzira

Teodor Gertsl kuyambira ali mwana ankakonda kuwerenga mabuku ndi kulemba ndakatulo. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa mnyamata sukuluyi osindikizidwa mu ndemanga Budapest nyuzipepala ya zisudzo wake ndi mabuku. Posachedwa Theodore anasiya sukulu, mphunzitsi anakhumudwa ndi mafotokozedwe odana ndi Ayuda.

Mu 1878, Herzl banja anasamukira ku Vienna, komwe achinyamata anapita ku yunivesite kwa kulekana malamulo. zaka sikisi, Theodore analandira digiri wake ndi ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pa bwalo Salzburg ndi ku likulu la Austria. Koma posakhalitsa, wolembayo tsogolo womangidwa ndi jurisprudence.

Zolembalemba ndi journalistic ntchito

Kuyambira mu 1885, Theodor Herzl, ndi zolemba zimene amagwiritsa ntchito Aisrayeli ambiri, chinkhoswe yekha mu kulemba. Iye analemba angapo nkhani ndi akatswiri masewero. Mu 1890s oyambirira mnyamata limadziwika European monga mtolankhani waluntha. Forte Theodore anakhala essays lalifupi ndi satires. Ngakhale anakhudzidwa kokha mutu Ayuda anali wotsutsa-Semitism. Komabe, iye kumbuyo mu Europe anthu angapo otchuka a dziko kuti amene anatenga Chikatolika. Herzl ankaganiza kuti adzakankha Ayuda ena kuti angatembenuke, ndipo zidzapangitsa kuti mapeto a odana Semitism. Koma kenako anazindikira kuti "kumaliza" alibe makhalidwe abwino kapena othandiza nzeru.

Dreyfus

Posachedwa Herzl, amene nkhani amadziwika kuti m'Yuda wina aliyense, adakhala othandiza a Zionism. Chifukwa zinali choncho Alfreda Dreyfusa. Yotsirizira wavula poyera mwambo wa "chilango yapachiweniweni singaimitse ntchitoyi": anavula wa Order ndi yunifolomu wake ndi lupanga lake wosweka. Theodore anafika pamwambo ndi chidwi ndi kulira kwa khamu French. Likutchedwa kupha Dreyfus.

boma Ayuda

Kulenganso dziko la Ayuda - lingaliro ili zinagwira moto Herzl. malingaliro wolembayo amafuna thandizo. Ndipo iye anapita kukafuna izo mu Baron De Girsha ndi Rothschild - Ayuda olemera dziko. Komabe, izi sizinathandize ntchito. Koma Theodore sanadzisiyira malingaliro awo ndipo analemba kapepala "The State Ayuda" imene ili 63 masamba. Kumeneko, iye anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa n'zotheka kulenga, ndipo anauza momwe angachitire izo.

chitukuko cha Zionism

Dreyfus pakati manyazi ndi imfa ya wolemba zinachitika zaka khumi. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Theodore anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa nyumba yonse yaikulu ya gulu Zionist. Mu 1897 ku Basel, msonkhano woyamba wa mudzi uno. Chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha mamembala ake adakulabe mu kupitirira geometrical. Ayuda anaona Zionism weniweni gulu landale kuti akhoza kuthetsa mavuto awo.

M'chaka choyamba cha ntchito zake, Theodore anayesa tipezekemo thandizo la Turkey Sultan (Dziko la Israel anali mu ulamuliro wake). Koma zokambirana yaitali sizinali bwino. Pambuyo pake, Herzl anaganiza tcheru ku England kwambiri akuthwa. Mu 1917, pamene Theodore ali zaka 13 kulibe, dziko lino kwenikweni anang'amba m'manja mwa ulamuliro Turkey pa Dziko la Israel. Ndiyeno England anaperekeranji Balfour Declaration, amene anathandiza lingaliro kukhazikitsa boma Ayuda m'dziko la Israel.

Teodor Gertsl kwa Russia

The ngwazi za nkhaniyi anapita dziko lathu mu 1903. Mu malo onse Ayuda Theodore kuwalandira monga mesiya. Herzl komanso anakumana ndi nduna Russian ndipo anayesa kulimbikitsa iwo kuti amaumiriza yakumeneko kuti zimachititsanso kuti kampani ya wolemba ku Palestine, anavekedwa ndi kupambana. Iye wapanga kuganiza kwambiri Herzl Pleve (Minister okhonda). Mwina odziwika bwino kwambiri mawu a Theodore wa dziko lathu, "kugonjetsa dziko, kugonjetsa Russia". Nawa ochepa makoti otchuka: "Ndalama - chinthu chabwino ndi zabwino, ndizo basi anthu kulanda" "Anthu olemera angakupangeni wotchuka; koma kokha osauka angakupangeni ngwazi, "" Fuko ndi dera mbiri ya anthu, amene akwatirana kukhalapo kwa mdani wamba. "

moyo

Herzl ndi banja lake anali kulipira mtengo wapatali kwa chizolowezi Zionism. Mu 1889, Theodore anakwatira Julia Nashauer. Koma, pokhala munthu wogwidwa, iye tcheru wake wamng'ono. Banjalo akale anali anthu ndi matenda okhudza ubongo. Izi zakhudza tsogolo la ana a Theodore. Paulina (wamkulu wamkazi) anafa chifukwa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwana Hans anadzipha pa tsiku la maliro a mlongo wake. Mwana wamng'ono Labor pafupifupi moyo anakhala m'chipatala, ndipo anamaliza mu umodzi wa m'ndende za a Nazi. Koma iye anakwanitsa kubereka mwana wamwamuna. Mu 1946, Herzl ndi mdzukulu yekha anadzipha. Choncho, wolemba wosasiya olowa.

matenda

Kuwonjezera kulimbana lochita Zionism, Teodor Gertsl, amene yonena waperekedwa pamwamba, ndinagwira nawo nkhondo aukali wapakamwa ndi adani. Izi zachititsa kuti aggravation nthenda ya mtima wake. Zinthu zovuta chibayo. Posachedwa wolemba chikhalidwe anakula, ndipo anamwalira mu July 1904 mu Edlah (Austria).

maliro

Mu chifuniro chake Teodor Gertsl anapempha kuti m'manda pafupi ndi bambo ake ku Vienna. Ndipo mwamsanga pamene Ayuda adzakhala ndi mwayi, tiyeni adzasenza thupi lake ku dziko la Israel. Theodore zotsalira anali amadutsa mu August 1949. Tsopano wolemba phulusa mpumulo ku Yerusalemu paphiri Herzl. Tsiku la imfa ya woyambitsa wa Zionism kukondwerera tsiku la 20 la mwezi wa Tamuzi.