Roma pansi Constantine (kalasi 5). Ulamuliro wa Constantine mu Ufumu wa Roma

Man kulamulira ufumu anapita kwa mfumu yatsopano n'kovuta patapita nthawi yaitali ndi owawa kulimbana ndi asilikali kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 4. Nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Constantine mu Ufumu wa Roma. Iye anali wokhoza kuti bungwe mphamvu yawo kotero mwamphamvu ndipo anathamanga kwambiri kuti olamulira ena, onse akalambula ndi Amlowam'malo, sanapite poyerekeza iliyonse naye.

zaluso

Kodi boma ikuchitika Ufumu wa Roma pansi Constantine? Mtheradi mafumu. Iye ankafuna kuti mphamvu zonse, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi kunali koyenera kusintha chikumbumtima ndipo, mwa mawu amakono, taganizirani fano latsopano. Monga kuloŵedwa m'malo, woyambitsa wa Tetrarchy makongoletsedwe ndi kutsatira za kuwuka kwa mphamvu lachifumu, Diocletian, mfumu yatsopano Kulutilira zayamba kuchuluka malangizo osankhidwa ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo ake, chapatali izi zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Augustus zina kuchuluka.

Mu latsopano zinthu lachifumu ulamuliro zizindikiro za mphamvu anasintha. nsinga wenewu nsanje. luso chinali chakuti anatenga pa chizindikiro cha kum'mawa, Greek ndi Mkhristu zolengedwa mwakamodzi. Zotsutsana azipeze powona izi, Constantine sankasamala. Mwachibadwa, kuzolowera kaphatikizidwe amafunika osiyanasiyana onyamula miyambo yawo zigawo sanathe Choncho, ambiri, akhala zogwirizana ndi boma latsopano linakhazikitsidwa ndi Constantine.

kunja ukulu

Izi zaluso ndi kupambana nawo, iwo sakanakhoza bwanji mbali kunja kwa mfumuyo amene ankafuna kutsindika ukulu wake. Constantine sankafuna kuvala toga Roma, ndipo anakwiya kwambiri malaya ake. Ndinkafuna kusintha ndi chovala: losavuta msilikali zida mafumu, mmalo monena zida mwanaalirenji. Pamene iwo anapita ndawala, izo wokometsedwera zida za golide ndi chisoti chachikulu. Patapita kanthawi, tingadziwe twente-chaka ulamuliro, adayamba kuwonekera poyera mu korona, amene wabweza kwa Rome phindu mtheradi wa chizindikiro cha mphamvu wachifumu.

propaganda chigonjetso

kukwezedwa kunja anasonyeza pomanga mafano Galeta zolemba ndi zithunzi pa ndalama. Apa pali kugwirizana mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, moyandikana ndi akalambula chithunzi chithunzi, Augustus ndi Aleksandra Velikogo, komanso maonekedwe a mafano kampira pa mutu wake. zodzinenera kunja miyeso lonse la ufumuwo zikupezeka mu zizindikiro zambiri yamuyaya, yomwe Constantine yekha m'gulu. "Wolamulira wa dziko" ndipo motero ulemerero monga wopambana wa mitundu yonse.

Roma pansi Constantine analimbikitsa kugonjetsa Sarmatians ndi Goths, Afulanki ndi Alamanni. Amagwiritsidwanso mizu m'maganizo mwa khalidwe chilengedwe wopambana wa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mutu wa Constantine ( "losagonjetseka") m'malo mwa "Wopambana" - izi zikumveka kovuta. Amagwiritsidwanso yodziwika ndi kukanidwa kwake kwa zinthu kapena lingaliro la dzina la Mulungu, chifukwa iye wasonkhanitsa zipembedzo zonse.

Kulambira mfumu

Roma pansi Constantine anali kusankha: kaya kupitiriza maganizo miyambo mawonekedwe a boma kapena ayi? Pajatu anali pa kutsutsana ndi kuti atakwatirana ndi mmene Mkristu. Mulungu amadziwa zotani mfumu kuti kukondera. Timatha ntchito yomanga kachisi polemekeza Flavian mafumu, kuti ndi zoona, ulemu wake. Koma ndi proviso kuti nyumbayi sayenera kutengera zimene ena zikhulupiriro chigawenga ndi oipa. Komanso, sizitanthauza kuti gulu la zonse masewera ed ndi omenyana.

chilungamo

Roma pansi Constantine anayamba kutsatira malamulo atsopano. Khama la Constantine mu mphamvu kusinkhasinkha za kulowelela mu chilamulo ndi chiweruzo. Kusankha, amene anali ikuchitika 318, iye anapereka ufumu zokhazikitsa malamulo quality, omwe anakhala malamulo analandira pamwamba. The chakudya yaikulu ya malamulo, mumaganiza ndi masitaelo sanali yunifolomu. Iwo coexisted ndi kwambiri nkhanza zokambirana zosayembekezereka akavalidwe zothandiza anthu ndi kulemekeza mfundo miyambo ya malamulo.

miyeso Oika ndi zosemphana ndi lamulo ankasiyana Roma pansi Constantine. Kalasi 5 - ndiye kusukulu kuphunzira nkhaniyi. Zilango angazigwiritse ntchito imene inali stitching mu thumba njoka, pambuyo umene ejected m'nyanja kapena phompho. Koma kukhwimitsa malamulo atengedwa okha mwa kulemekeza ku oba a ana ndi nyama, patricide ndi akuba. Komanso unamenya mantha chilango cha imfa. Mwa lamulo, chigololo, chikondi chalero ndi ukwati ndi wosiyana yokha (kutanthauza pakati mfulu ndi kapolo) kuphedwa.

Komanso lamulo lina ananena kuti anthu amene alamulidwa mabomba kapena nkhondo omenyana, sayenera kulandira manyazi pa nkhope, monga adalengedwa mu chifanizo cha nkhope ya kumwamba sayenera asokoneza. Mu mndandanda chomwecho malamulo amene analowa tsiku lililonse mukhoza kuona kuwala kwa dzuwa.

Roma pansi pa Mfumu Constantine anakhalabe boma kapolo, mwambo wa ukapolo sichinasinthe. Koma wakhala kukonzedwa Inter zina zotere, Constantine anaitana mankhwala zolimbitsa akapolo, kuchepetsa chilango. Komanso akapolo amene analenga banja, sakanakhoza kulekanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zogulitsa. zodzitetezera pa umoyo bwino zikomo malamulo pa otumikira, kukuza ufulu wa akuwalera. miyeso atengedwa mu mtima wa ana, zomwe zinali anabzala.

Roma pansi Constantine

Mwachidule ntchito yake tinganene motere:

• Kukakamizidwa miyeso kuteteza boma ku incursions zonse akunjawo anali kufunika koti khamu lalikulu pa malire. Akunjawo Agiriki ndi Aroma anaitana anthu amene chinenero ndi makhalidwe iwo sakuzindikira kapena kumvetsa, akuganiza kuti mwano ndi osaphunzira. Makamaka kupeza zigawo kumadzulo kwa ufumuwo, pali kumakunenani mafuko Germany. asilikali achiroma ankafunika amphamvu ndi nkhondo wachifumu.
• Kuika colones pansi. Mizati tikukhala poipa, chifukwa iwo anali osati kupereka Mwini wa zokolola za dziko lapansi, komanso kupereka msonkho kwa chuma lachifumu. Choncho anayamba kumwazikana mu njira zonse. Mfumu inaika lamulo limene analetsa coloni kusiya dziko, chomwe apatsidwa. ana awo accrue kwa dziko lomwelo limene makolo awo ntchito.
• Komanso analenga zinthu chitukuko cha chikhulupiriro cha Chikhristu, ufumu wa Aroma pansi Constantine (kalasi 5 sukulu pulogalamu amakupatsani nzeru za izo). Pamene malamulo a Constantine, anakhala Akhristu kwambiri. Okhulupirira aliyense mzinda anasankha wansembe. Anasonkhanitsa ansembe anatsimikiza waukulu, mutu dera Akhristu, iye ankatchedwa bishopu (Woyang'anira). Ntchito wotsiriza unali kukopa boma Rome kuti Akhristu ali si owopsa ndipo akupemphera kwa iwo ndi atumiki awo. Pomaliza, Constantine anazindikira kuti iwo samayenera kuchita zinthu ndi mpando wake wachifumu ndi Ufumu wake. Kotero iye anapereka lamulo kulola kuti Akristu azipemphera pagulu ndi kumanga akachisi.

Likulu latsopano

Kodi tikadali akufotokoza nkhani (kalasi 5)? Roma pansi Constantine unagawidwa pawiri. Mfumu sanali Rome, chotero iye ankakhala m'mizinda ina. Anasamukira likulu ku Rome kwa mzinda Greek wa Byzantium, yomwe inali pa magombe a Bosphorus Khwalala. Pali awiri anakumana, madzi ndi dziko. Likulu atsopano anayamba kusandulika pamaso pake, zinamangidwa zachifumu ndi nyumba, mapaipi madzi ndi malo osambira, masewera ndi masewera aja, komanso mipingo yachikhristu. City luxuriously chokongoletsedwa - kuchokera ufumu litapita ziboliboli okongola ndi mizati. Izo zinachitika mu chaka 330, pa nthawi likulu la Ufumu wa Roma anasamukira ku Constantinople.