Mbiri kukumbukira. Mavuto a Russian kukumbukira zakale

Khalidwe lina lofunika kwambiri kuti ndi munthu wolemekezeka nthawi zonse ndi zinyama, ndithudi, ankaona kukumbukira. M'mbuyomu ndi munthu - gwero lofunika kwambiri kwa mapangidwe amakhala ndi mtima wa malo munthu chikhalidwe ndi dziko.

Kutaya zinthu, munthu wotaya lathu ndi mwa chilengedwe, anagwa ankagwirizana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana.

ndi gulu kukumbukira zakale ndi chiyani?

Memory - zimenezi si nzeru umboni wa zochitika iliyonse. Memory - izi zinachitikira moyo, kudziŵa zochitika anakumana ndi mochokera pansi pa mtima, maganizo zokhudza. Mbiri kukumbukira - chiphunzitso cha losonkhanitsidwa ndi. Yankholo kuteteza anthu ndi kumvetsa zinachitikira m'mbiri. Kukumbukira gulu la mibadwo akhoza kukhala pakati pa achibale, anthu a mumzindawo, ndipo anthu onse, dziko ndi lonse la anthu.

Magawo chitukuko kukumbukira zakale

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti gulu kukumbukira zakale, komanso munthu ali magawo angapo a chitukuko.

Choyamba, izo iyiwalika. Patapita nthawi zina Nthawi chibadidwe anthu kuiwala chochitika. Izo zikhoza kuchitika msanga ndipo angayambe zaka zingapo. MOYO SULI chilili, mndandanda wa nkhani si linasokonekera, ndipo ambiri a iwo m'malo ndi zidindo watsopano ndi maganizo.

Kachiwiri, anthu mobwerezabwereza anakumana ndi mfundo m'mbuyomu nkhani ya sayansi, zolembalemba ntchito komanso atolankhani. Ndi kutanthauzira zonse zimene zikugwirizananso siyana amasiyana. Ndipo Sizotheka pofotokoza mfundo "kukumbukira zakale". Chochitika mfundo iliyonse wolemba akupereka njira yake, kuika nkhani maso anu ndi mtima munthu. Ndipo ziribe kanthu chimene chidzakhala nkhani - World nkhondo II zonse mgwirizano yomanga ndi zotsatira za mphepo yamkunthoyo.

Owerenga ndi omvera mudzazindikira chochitika mwa maso a mtolankhani kapena wolemba. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulaliki mfundo zimene zikugwirizananso ndi kupereka mwayi kwa anthu kuti tisanthule ziti ndiponso kuyerekezera malingaliro a anthu osiyana ndi kujambula awo mfundo mwini. N'zoona chikumbukiro anthu amatha kukhala kokha pamene ufulu woyankhula, ndi kwathunthu akupotoza adzakhala zonse kufufuza.

Lachitatu ndi zofunika kwambiri siteji ya chitukuko cha kukumbukira mbiri ya anthu - tikayerekezera zinachitika mu nthawi ino, mfundo za m'mbuyomu. Kufunika kwa mavuto a masiku ano zina n'zogwirizana ndi kale mbiri yakale. Only mwa kupenda zinachitikira mwa zinthu zakale ndi zolakwitsa, munthu akhoza kulenga.

The kungoganizira a Maurice Halbwachs

Akuti mbiri kukumbukira gulu, ngati wina aliyense, ali woyambitsa ake ndi otsatira. The French nzeru zapamwamba ndi Katswiri Moris Halbvaks loyamba kuika patsogolo pa amanena kuti mfundo kukumbukira zakale ndi mbiri patali ndi kukhala yemweyo. Choyamba anena kuti nkhani akuyamba pamene umatha kukumbukira chikhalidwe ndi miyambo. Palibe pakufunika kukonza pa pepala chinachake kuti akadali ndi moyo mu kukumbukira lapansi.

Halbwachs chiphunzitso anasonyeza kufunika kulemba nthano chabe mibadwomibadwo, monga mboni a zochitika m'mbiri moyo ndi otsika kapena ali palibe konse. Otsatira ndi otsutsa mfundo imeneyi yakhala ndithu kwambiri. chiwerengero kuchuluka pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ndi fascism, imene aliyense m'banja anaphedwa ndi nzeru zapamwamba, ndipo iye anamwalira mu Buchenwald.

Njira posamutsa zochitika losaiwalika

Memory ya Nation kuti zinachitika kale anasonyeza m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mu masiku akale zinali kufala m'kamwa mwa mudziwe mu nkhani ndi nthano. Otchulidwa m'nthano anthu heroize weniweni, ntchito wolemekezeka ndi kulimba mtima. nkhani yaikulu zonse matamando olimba mtima zokometsera wa Dziko Lathu.

Pambuyo pake, anali bukhu, ndipo panopa ndiwo kuwala kwa mabuku a mbiri yakale akhala atolankhani. Lero iwo makamaka kupanga maganizo athu ndi khalidwe lokonda zinachitikira m'mbuyomu, zochitika fateful ndale, chuma, chikhalidwe ndi sayansi.

Kufunika kwa kukumbukira mbiri ya anthu

Masiku ano, makamaka mwamsanga vuto kukumbukira zakale. Ndithudi, popanda zinachitikira munthu zapitazi sangathe kuzindikira kuti zingatheke kuti iye ndi zomwe sizikuyenda. Only pamene tikudziwa mbiri ya anthu ake, anthu amatha kudziwa zimene zili zothandiza kwa anthu m'tsogolo.

Masiku ano chizolowezi kulilembanso zochitika m'mbiri kudziwa kumasulira kuchenjeza lonse la anthu. Mwatsoka, ena a masiku kwakukulu Mgwirizano monga maziko a zikhulupiriro zawo ndi chiphunzitso cha woimira German wa irrationalism Nietzsche anasonyeza buku lake "Pa Ntchito ndi amamwa History." Iwo akuyesera kupendanso zinachitikira m'mbiri ya zochitika zomvetsa chisoni nkhondo choopsa kukangana kuti munthu ayenera "kuyeretsa" kuzunza kupanda ungwiro. Kuteteza kukumbukira zakale - ntchito yaikulu mbali ya wamkulu wa anthu amene savomereza kupotozedwa mbiri ya zochitika za anthu ake.

Mavuto makhalidwe yokumbukira M'BADWO

Vuto kukumbukira zakale chimagwirizanitsa sayansi ambiri: nzeru komanso sayansi, ethnography, mbiri ndi Chaanthu. Onse ogwirizana kuganiza kuti maganizo a zochitika tsopano zimadalira nzeru ndi ziyenera a zochitika zakale. kukumbukira zakale - ndi wamphamvu yang'anira chikugwirabe chikhalidwe. Ngati ife kulankhula za anthu Russian wa nthawi ano, tikhoza kunena kuti pakati pa Russia, komanso mitundu ina, ndi zoonekeratu makhalidwe mavuto.

Choncho, ntchito yaikulu mbadwo akulu a dziko lathu m'zaka XXI wayamba mapangidwe zinthu achinyamata ndipo amafuna kusunga kukumbukira zakale za dziko.

Mapangidwe mgwirizano wa mbiri ya mibadwo ya ku Russia lero akukumana zambiri mavuto. Pa TV, manyuzipepala ndi magazini, makamaka Internet mowirikiza akutulukira ukasintha wotsutsana chiwalitsiro cha zochitika zofanana. Ndipo ichi ntchito osati pa mfundo chi, komanso zochitika za m'mbuyomu zaka ndi zaka zapitazo. Kodi kupewa anawononga musiyane mbiri ndi kusunga chikumbukiro cha mibadwo?

Nkhani ya kupitiriza kukumbukira zakale

Mutu wa kukumbukira zakale za ku Russia lero zikumveka pafupifupi msonkhano, pa symposia onse pa zokhudza achinyamata. Choyamba, ayenera kudziwa kuti vuto la mapangidwe kukumbukira mbiri ya m'badwo wamng'ono ndi m'zigawozigawo, ndiponso zochita za zinthu zambiri khama. Iyi ndi ndondomeko zovuta zimene zimaphatikizapo zinthu zonse ndi zachuma, mfundo ndi maphunziro, ndiponso mmene anthu ambiri kwa mbiri dziko awo. Ntchito yaikulu ya sayansi pa nkhani - pa dongosolo la kuphunzira mbiri kusukulu ndipo nkhani molondola mabuku a mbiri yakale mu masamba a mabuku. Tikatero titha kuzindikira chiphiphiritso: ". Kusunga kukumbukira zakale a ku Russia"

Kusunga ndi kuteteza kukumbukira nkhani umayamba sukulu

Mbiri chikumbukiro Russia kwa zaka zambiri chililaka kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa zikuchokera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu okhala m'dziko lathu. Aliyense fuko, chomwe ndi mbali ya Russia, ali chikhalidwe chake ndi miyambo, amakonda kupembedza ndi zikhulupiriro. Choncho ndikofunikira kuti akonze maphunziro logwirizana kwa Chirasha anthu, zomwe idzafotokoza mapangidwe Russian adzadziwire dziko.

Kale mu sukulu, ana amafunika kupanga mphamvu kuyerekeza ndi kuunikira zinachitikira mibadwo yakale ndipo awo. Mpaka lero, izi ndi zovuta, kuyambira m'zaka za posachedwapa chikuoneka bwinobwino ngati dontho mu mbiri ya nkhani kutchuka sukulu.

Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira chakuti lero ndi dzina chabe a mtundu Russian ndi chikumbukiro cha Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Kukumbukira zakale za imfa Unyinji wa muno mu zaka zoopsa chiwonongeko zikuluzikulu ndi zigonjetso wanzeru pa zomwe lankhondo la sayansi Russian - wamphamvu yang'anira ndi maganizo a achinyamata Russian. Ubwino wa makolo athu amene anatsogolera ufulu wa dziko, ndi kukumbukira m'mibadwo yanu - ndi mfundo za unyolo imodzi kupitiriza pakati grandfathers ndi makolo, makolo ndi ana.

Chifukwa kufooketsa chokumbukira nkhondo?

Time - dokotala bwino mu ululu, koma chinthu koipa chifukwa chokumbukira. Izi ndi za mmene chikumbukiro mibadwo ya nkhondo, ndi kukumbukira ambiri anthu mbiri yakale. Erasing kukumbukira chigawo chimodzi maganizo kumatengera zifukwa zingapo.

Chinthu choyamba chimene mwamphamvu umakhudza mphamvu yokumbukira - iyi ndi nthawi china. Chaka chilichonse, tsoka la masiku amenewo oopsa ayamba akumidzi. Popeza kuti mapeto wopambana wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World wadutsa kwa zaka 70.

Pa chitetezo cha zaka boma chochitika nawonso amakhudza kudalirika kwa chinthu ndale maganizo. Mphamvu ya mavuto azandale Masiku ano amalola atolankhani kuti aone mbali zambiri za nkhondo ndi chosadziwika, ku mfundo zoipa view, andale omasuka.

Chinanso kupewa kukumbukira anthu a nkhondo - masoka. Iyi ndi imfa wachibadwa wa mboni, zokometsera kudzikolakwathu, amene anagonjetsa Fascism. Chaka chilichonse ife kutaya amene kunyamula "moyo kukumbukira". Ndi kuchoka kwa anthu awa kupambana olandira sangathe kusunga kukumbukira mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pang'onopang'ono izo amapeza mithunzi ya zochitika zenizeni, ndipo izi wotaya n'loonadi ake.

Kupulumutsa "moyo" chikumbukiro nkhondo

Mbiri chikumbukiro nkhondo likakhazikitsidwa komanso kusungidwa mu maganizo a achinyamata osati wa anabala mabuku a mbiri yakale komanso zochitika m'masiku.

Kwambiri maganizo chinthu - ndi "moyo kukumbukira", izo ziri kukumbukira anthu. Banja lililonse Russian amadziwa za zaka zoopsa wa mboni yowona ndi maso ndi: nkhani ya agogo, makalata ochokera kutsogolo, photos, zinthu asilikali ndi zikalata. maumboni ambiri a nkhondo zasungidwa osati zakale, komanso yachokera munthu.

Young Russia lero N'zovuta kulingalira ochuluka njala nthawi, tsiku lililonse kumabweretsa chisoni. kagawo umodzi wa mkate, kuika ponseponse mu anazinga Leningrad, anthu malipoti tsiku pa wailesi za zochitika pa kutsogolo, phokoso lowopsya la metronome, ku postman amene amatulutsa osati makalata ochokera kutsogolo, komanso maliro. Koma mwamwayi, iwo akhoza kumva nkhani za makolo awo kwa sichisinthasinthanso ndi mtima wa asilikali Russian, za momwe anyamata aang'ono m'tulo pa benchi chabe kuti zipolopolo pang'ono kutsogolo. Komabe, nkhani izi zimakhala zopanda misozi. Yopweteketsa kuwakumbukira.

Luso chithunzi cha nkhondo

Kutheka chachiwiri kusunga chikumbukiro cha nkhondo - ikulongosola chabe ya zochitika za zaka nkhondo mabuku, mabuku ndi mafilimu Mbali. Iwo ndi mmene zinthu zikuluzikulu dziko wakhala wokhudza pa munthu munthu kapena banja tsoka. Atalimbikitsidwa ndi chakuti chidwi nkhani asilikali lero chaonetsedwa osati kwa chidzatha liti. M'zaka khumi zapitazi, gulu la mafilimu, kuwauza za zochitika za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Pa chitsanzo cha umodzi wowerenga tsoka anaphunzitsidwa frontline mavuto ndege, oyendetsa, linzake, snipers ndi sappers. Modern mafilimu a kanema umisiri achinyamata kuona lonse la tsokalo, kumva "lenileni" mfuti, kumva kutentha kwa malawi a Stalingrad, kuona kuopsa kwa kusintha asilikali pa redeployment

Mbiri yamakono ya kuunikira ndi chikumbu mbiri

Kumvetsa ndi chifaniziro cha anthu amene anakhalako nthawi ya zaka ndi zochitika za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World lero osokoneza. Mafotokozedwe chachikulu ambiguity izi angayenerere tikambirana mfundo nkhondo zinachitika pa TV zisakuyenda bwino.

Lero, osati kunyalanyaza iliyonse mfundo za chikumbumtima, media dziko kupereka pansi amene panthawi ya nkhondo, anatenga mbali ya fascism, ndi nawo chiwembuchi Unyinji wa anthu. Ena amaona zochita zawo ndi "zabwino", motero kuyesera kufufuta chikumbukiro nkhanza awo ndi akuchitirana nkhanza. Bandera, Shukhevych, General Vlasov ndi Helmut Von Pannwitz lero anakhala ngwazi kuti achinyamata kwakukulu. Zonsezi ndi zotsatira za nkhondo zambiri, yomwe makolo athu ndinalibe lingaliro. Kuyesa kupotoza mabuku a mbiri yakale nthawi zina kufika absurdity, pamene nyota ya Soviet Army downplayed.

Chochitika kudalirika Protection - kuteteza kukumbukira mbiri ya anthu

Mbiri chikumbukiro nkhondo - ubwino waukulu wa anthu athu. Only izo adzalola Russia kukhala boma amphamvu.

Yolondola zochitika mbiri, kunalengezedwa lero, kudzakuthandizani kukhalabe choonadi cha mfundo ndi ziyenera bwino awonera m'mbuyomo mu dziko lathu. nkhondo choonadi nthawi zonse zovuta. Ngakhale nkhondo imeneyi idzakhala "ndi nkhonya yake," tiyenera kuteteza choonadi cha mbiri yathu mu chikumbukiro grandfathers wathu.