Opita Chibelarusi mudziwe amphumphu zipambano zawo

Danga anthu oposa mazana asanu anatumizidwa. Atatu a iwo - Belarusians Oleg Novitsky, Vladimir Kovalenok Peter Klimuk. Maina onsewa amadziwika bwino kuti aliyense wokhala moyandikana ndi mabwalo Russian. M'nkhani ino mudzakhala Kudziwitsidwa chombo Chibelarusi. Tiyeni tiyambepo.

m'mbiri

Mu 2015, anthu phwando la chikumbutso 58th wa zaka danga. Zonse zinayamba October 5, 1957, asayansi Soviet unayambitsidwa mu kanjira "Sputnik 1". Nzika zonse za dziko izo inkayamba nthawi ya nyenyezi, nyenyezi ndi zolengedwa zatsopano.

Posachedwa wanzeru zomangamanga maganizo ndakonza chirichonse siteji yotsatira chitukuko cha wakuda phompho. Ndipo pa April 12 , 1961, izo chidaperekedwa zogonjetsa a. Yuri Gagarin anali munthu woyamba amene anatera danga. Ndipo pofuna ichi poyamba pa adzagonjetsa malo zakuthambo wakhala chinthu chosaiwalika m'mbiri ya dziko.

Pa zaka 50 kufufuza malo ali kusanduka ndithu kofulumiraku. Ambiri anali anapezerapo okwerera yozungulira ndi mazana a nthambi. Akhala sayansi ndi sayansi zatsopano. Ndipo, ndithudi, chopereka chidwi kwambiri zimenezi ndi opita Chibelarusi. Za otchuka kwambiri omwe ife kufotokoza pansipa.

Peter Klimuk

Munthu uyu ayenera popanda mawu. Ndipo amene sindikudziwa, Peter Klimuk - uyu ndiye woyamba Chibelarusi cosmonaut, wasayansi, msilikali-General, Doctor wa zaumisiri Sciences. Mu 1965, m'gulu la detachment wa agonjetsi wa nyenyezi. Kenako iye anadzakhala mnzake wa Gagarin. Petro anali ndi zaka 23 zokha. Mnyamatayu anapita wokayenda pamwezi maphunziro. Zimenezi zinathandiza iye yekha chidaliro kuuluka zombo monga "Union", komanso ntchito zabwino pa wailesi yozungulira a mtundu "Patsani". Monga mtsogoleri, anapanga 3 danga kuyenda.

ndege yoyamba

Inachitika mu 1973. Klimuk walunjika "Soyuz-13". Kutalika kwa ndege anali oposa sabata. Mu 1975, Petra Ilicha m'gulu la malo adalira "Soyuz 17". Mu chaka chomwecho anakhala understudy Klimuk wolamulira "18-1-Union" imene, mwatsoka, zinalephereka chiyambi.

ndege yachiwiri

Inachitika mu May 1975 ndiponso kukhalapo mpaka bola 62 masiku. Petru Ilichu anathandiza ndege injiniya Sevastyanov. Atangochoka sitima "Soyuz-18-2" ali bwinobwino atazikocheza ndi siteshoni yozungulira "Salyut-4". Nditabwerera ku Earth Klimuk anayamba kuphunzitsidwa pansi pulogalamu "Intercosmos".

The ndege lachitatu

Pa ndege wachitatu mu June 1978, Peter Ilyich anatsogolera adalira mayiko pa ndime ndi Polish cosmonaut Germashevsky. Sinthani "Soyuz 30" bwinobwino inaima ku siteshoni "Salyut-6", omwe anali kunyamula Ivanchenkov ndi Kovalenok. nthawi iyi Klimuk anakhala mu mlengalenga masiku asanu ndi awiri. utali wonse ndege ndi masiku 78 ndi maola 18.

malo kunja

Chikadzangotha ndege lachitatu la Peter Ilich anaikidwa mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti Political mu Cosmonaut Training Centre (CTC) Gagarin. Ndiye Klimuk anakhala kazembe mtsogoleri. Mu 1983, iye anaphunzira zina pa Asilikali Academy Political, Lenin (mu absentia). Ndipo anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wake mu 1987. Zaka zingapo (kuchokera mu 1979 mpaka 1984) anali kazembe Supreme Soviet la USSR.

Order

Peter Klimuk monga chombo ena Chibelarusi, ali mphoto zingapo. Iye ndi laureate wa Prize State wa USSR ndi Russia. Komanso, Peter Ilyich anali kupereka Magulu atatu a Lenin, ndi Order "Pakuti Services ku Mama", dongosolo la Ubwenzi wa Peoples, ndi golide Mendulo Tsiolkovsky. Klimuk dzina la msewu m'mizinda monga Klotsk ndi Rogachev, komanso midzi Rubel, wotsika Terebezhov ndi Motol. Mu Breste Petru Ilichu anamanga kugwira zamkuwa.

Vladimir Kovalenok

mbiri iliyonse ya chombo Chibelarusi chidwi, koma nkhani ya moyo wa kudzagonjetsa nyenyezi, mwina chidwi kwambiri. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti ndegeyo anali mu Kovalenok kwathunthu "wobiriwira" zaka. Koma kunapezeka, zaka 22 simuli zimasonyeza. Vladimir anakhala waukulu "wononga" mtundu wa spacecraft "Soyuz". Kwa iwo anagonjetsa malo atatu nyenyezi.

Chiyambi cha utumiki

Mofanana ndi chombo onse Chibelarusi Kovalenok Anaphunzitsidwa zabwino mu ndege asilikali sukulu. Anamaliza mu 1963 ndipo anapita ku ntchito zoyendera ndege. Vladimir zouluka AN-24 Co-woyendetsa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mnyamata analimbikitsa mkulu. Mu 1965 anakhala wakonzekera Kovalenok cosmonaut. Komabe, iye sali, ndipo anachoka mu malo. Maphunziro kuuluka mu danga mnyamatayo anayamba kutenga malo patapita zaka ziwiri.

ndege yoyamba

Mu October 1977, Vladimir udaperekedwa "Soyuz 25" ndege yake yoyamba. Kovalenok anali mtsogoleri wa sitimayo. M'gulu adalira Vladimir Ryumin. Malinga ndi pulogalamu ndege, "Union" zinachitikadi docking ndi siteshoni "Salyut-6". Koma izi sizinachitike chifukwa kusinthitsa opareshoni dongosolo kukakumana mu mode mwadzidzidzi. Flight anasiya asanakalambe. Nthawi okwana anakhala mu mlengalenga anali masiku 2.

ndege yachiwiri

Izo zinachitika mu 1978, ndipo anatenga yaitali kwambiri kuposa poyamba. Kovalenok analinso mkulu wa sitimayo. nthawi iyi iye anatsogolera gulu la "Soyuz 29". The anakonza docking ndi "Salyut-6" siteshoni inayenda bwino kwambiri. Ali kumeneko pa izo, Vladimir Vasilyevich adalira anatenga maulendo awiri mayiko: German-Soviet (Ian Bykovskii) ndi Polish-Soviet (Germashevsky, Klimuk). July 29 Kovalenok ichitikire ndi Ivanchenko ikuchitika danga nyenyezi. Kunja chombo, iwo anali pang'ono pa maola awiri. November 2 Vladimir kubwerera kunyumba kwa "Union 31." Kutalika onse a ulendo wachiwiri pafupifupi handiredi ndi forte masiku.

ndege lachitatu

nthawi iyi Kovalenok walunjika "Soyuz T-4." Ndi iye anawulukira pa wowopsa Viktor Savinykh. Ndipo iwo bwinobwino atazikocheza kachiwiri kwa "Salyut-6". Ngati nthawi yotsiriza, ndi chombo anatenga maulendo awiri mayiko: Romania-Soviet (Prunariu, Popov) ndi Mongolian-Soviet (Gurragcha, Janibekov). Kutalika kwa ndege anali pafupifupi makumi asanu.

Yotsatira utumiki

Mu 1984, Vladimir bwinobwino maphunziro a usilikali Academy ya General Wogwila. Kenako anaikidwa Wachiwiri mkulu wa ulamuliro 1 Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre, lomwe wakhala akukonzekeretsa chombo. Mogwirizana ndi udindo umenewu salinso nawo flights lapansi.

Kuyambira 1989 1992 iye ankagwira ntchito MP. Mu 1991 anali kupita Chibelarusi Federation of Cosmonautics. Mu 1993, Vladimir anapatsidwa udindo wa General msilikali Aviation. Mu 2001 anali kupita ku Russian Federation of Cosmonautics. Iye anamasulidwa mu June 2002 pa kundipatsako kwa zaka.

maulemu

Nkhani za wokayenda pamwezi Chibelarusi Kovalenko tidzamaliza kulanda malamulo ake alipo. Vladimir ali mu kakatundu madongosolo atatu a Lenin, pang'ono malamulo "Pakuti Service ku Mama 'komanso golide Mendulo Tsiolkovsky. M'tawuni ya Krupki (Minsk dera) Kovalenko, ndi kugwira zamkuwa.

Oleg Novitsky

Dzina limeneli si wochepa ndi kutchuka kwa ziwiri tatchulazi. Oleg Novitsky - Chibelarusi cosmonaut amene anatsogolera ngalawa "Soyuz TMA-06M". Anayamba mu October 2012. Zimene zinachitikazi kwa Belarusians onse chifukwa cha kunyada. Mu 2007, Novitsky anadutsa malo maphunziro ambiri, analandira mphambu apamwamba. Motero, iye asankha kuti ndege yotsatira danga nyenyezi.

Oleg Novitsky - Chibelarusi cosmonaut, amene yonena amadziwika kuti nzika iliyonse m'dziko lake. Iye anapita kugonjetsa phompho mdima pambuyo kukondwerera kubadwa kwake 41st. Anthu amene mukudziwa Oleg panokha taonera kufanana ake Yuriem Gagarinym. Novitsky anakhala Byelorussian lachitatu amene anaona mbali zina za dziko. Posachedwapa mwina kudzagonjetsa chachinayi cha wakuda phompho.

Nedoletevshie

Chibelarusi opita Klimuk, Kovalyonok Novitsky ndipo sanathe kuzindikira maloto ake kuti apite ku nyenyezi. Koma panali anthu amene sanali kusamalira kuchita izo.

Boris Belousov

Anabadwa mu Hotimsk (Mogilev dera) mu 1930. Iye maphunziro Air Force Academy Mozhaiskogo mu Leningrad. Mu 1965 anayamba kukonzekera ndege danga nyenyezi. Posachedwapa iye anapangidwa cosmonaut pakampanipo. Atayendetsa boma Kupenda Belousov anasankhidwa kuti oyendetsa za "Union." Pamaso pa ndege ku malo sanali kwambiri. Lokondedwa maloto ali pafupi chikukwaniritsidwa anali. Koma mwadzidzidzi Belousov anachotsedwa dongosolo. Boris anasamutsidwa ndi mabungwe kafukufuku asilikali. chifukwa chinali komiti nyota anapeza "mdima malo" mu yonena za mpongozi wake.

Anatoly Dedkov

Iye anabadwa m'mudzi wa Lucin (Gomel dera) mu 1944. Iye maphunziro Kharkov usilikali Aviation School. Izi zinanenedweratu mu cosmonaut Corps. Bwinobwino kudutsa pa mayeso boma, kukonza popita ku siteshoni yozungulira "Salyut" ndi "Soyuz". Mu 1977 Dedkova yoikidwiratu mkulu wa oyendetsa 2 pa "Salyut-6" ndi "Soyuz 26". mapulani onse anawoloka zinalephereka docking za oyendetsa 1, zimene zinaphatikizapo chombo ngati Chibelarusi monga Ryumin ndi Kovalyonok. "Top" anabwera kuti: membala mmodzi wa anthu ogwira ntchito ayenera ndege zinachitikira. chigamulochi Dedkova akankhidwira mapeto a ima pamzere, amene chaka kudzadza ndi ntchito wamng'ono.

Tester

Zaka 6 Anatoly Ivanovich chinkhoswe mu chiyesedwe cha luso danga kwambiri zinthu. Iye anali ndege ku nyanja ndi malo opanda anthu (nayonso, nkhalango, m'zipululu). Komanso Dedkov ankachita spacewalk mu suti "Orlan" ndipo anawayesa spacesuit "Sokol". Iye anachita oposa 50 spacecraft landings parachuting milingo yosiyanasiyana ya kwambiri. Koma chiwerengero cha zatsopano (nthawizina woopsawo thanzi) sanathandize Anatoly Ivanovich kupita mu mlengalenga. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anatengedwa mu Mission Control Center ngati woyendetsa wamkulu. Wapolisiyo Dedkov konse anatha kukhala Byelorussian lachitatu, kugonjetsa phompho mdima.

Alexander Shchukin

Iye anabadwa mu 1946 ku Vienna (Wienn), Austria, m'banja. Shchukin maphunziro oyendetsa mayeso sekondale ndipo pambuyo - Moscow Aviation Institute. Alexander kuwerenga kwambiri za chombo Chibelarusi ndi kulota kugonjetsa danga nyenyezi. Chifukwa, Shchukin anatumidwa maphunziro pulogalamu "Buran", lotsogoledwa ndi Igor Volk. Koma maloto Alexander sunabwere woona. Iye inaonongeka pa ndege Lamulungu-26M pa pokonzekera holide Zhukovsky. Pa anati ndege ndege maphunziro Shchukin anachita cholinga kuyesa kuti sapota. Mwatsoka, Alexander sanathe kubweretsa ndege kuchokera boma ovuta, ndipo mapeto ake anangokhala tsoka.