General wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev, Hero wa Soviet Union kuti: MBIRI. Feat ya General Karbysheva

Tsogolo Hero wa Soviet Union wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev anabadwa mu 1880 mu Omsk. Iye zinachokera lolemera: bambo ake ankagwira ntchito mkulu wa asilikali. Pamene mutu wa banja anafa asanakalambe, mwana anali ndi zaka 12 zokha komanso kusamalira idagwera pa mapewa a mayi.

ubwana

Banja anali Chitata mizu ndi a mitundu ndi zipembedzo gulu Kryashens kudzinenera Orthodoxy, ngakhale chiyambi Turkic. Wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev anali ndi mchimwene. Mu 1887 iye anamangidwa chifukwa chakubwera mu gulu chosintha ophunzira pa University Kazan. Vladimir anamangidwa, ndipo banja anapeza lokha anaima mutu ndi.

Komabe, wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev amalize wa ku Siberia Cadet Corps chifukwa cha maluso awo ndi khama. Pambuyo bungwe maphunziro anatsatira Nikolaev zomangamanga sukulu. Komanso wamng'ono msilikali anadzionetsa. Karbyshev anatumizidwa ku malire kwa Manchuria, pamene iye anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a kampani, ndi udindo telegraphy.

The m'gulu la asilikali lachifumu

Madzulo a Chirasha Japanese nkhondo, msilikali junior analandira udindo wa mkulu. Chiyambireni cha nkhondo, wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev linaperekedwa kuti afufuze. Iye kunapangitsa aya, udindo chikhalidwe cha milatho kutsogolo ndi nawo nkhondo zofunika. Choncho, iye anali mu pakatikati pa inayamba nkhondo ya Mukden.

Nkhondo itatha, iye mwachidule ankakhala Vladivostok, kumene anapitiriza kutumikira Battalion. Mu 1908-1911 gg. mkulu ophunzitsidwa ku Nikolayev usilikali Engineering Academy. Anamaliza, iye anapita Brest-Litovsk ngati woyendetsa, kumene nawo pomanga Brest Linga.

Popeza Karbyshev zaka awa anali pa malire a kumadzulo kwa dzikolo, iye anali kutsogolo kwa First World nkhondo ku tsiku loyamba kulengeza ake. Ambiri a moyo kapitawo sanali pansi pa utsogoleri wa wotchuka Alekseya Brusilova. Icho chinali South-Western Front, kumene Russia anali pa nkhondo ndi Austria-Hungary, ndi mosiyanasiyana bwino. Mwachitsanzo, Karbyshev nawo adani bwino za Przemysl, ndi Brusilov yojambula. Masiku otsiriza a nkhondo Karbyshev ntchito pa kumalire ndi Romania, kumene ankachita nawo kulimbitsa udindo kumbuyo. M'kupita kwa zaka zingapo kutsogolo, anatha kuti anamuwombera mwendo, koma anabwerera ku kachitidwe.

Kupita Red Army

Mu October 1917, ku Petrograd kulanda boma, kenako Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira. Vladimir Lenin ankafuna kuthetsa nkhondo ndi Germany posachedwapa kuti kufika magulu awo onse kulimbana ndi adani mkati: woyera kuyenda. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anayamba propaganda yaikulu, kukopa anthu kuti mphamvu Soviet asilikali.

Chimodzimodzi Karbyshev anakapezeka kagulu ka Red Alonda. Mu izo, iye anali ndi udindo kukonza tcheru ndi zomangamanga ntchito. Makamaka zambiri Karbyshev anapanga m'dera Volga, kumene mu 1918-1919. Iye anathamangira ku East Front. Luntha ndi luso injiniya anathandiza Red Army kuti apeze kufalikira dera ndi kupitiriza pasadakhale pang'ono Urals lapansi. Karbysheva ntchito kukula pachimake poika Ankhondo 5 cha Red Army pa wina udindo kutsogolera. Civil nkhondo, anamaliza mu Crimea, kumene iye anali ndi udindo wa zomangamanga ntchito Perekop yolumikiza chilumba ndi kumtunda.

Pakati pa nkhondo

Mu nthawi ya mtendere 20s ndipo 30s Karbyshev chinkhoswe mu kuphunzitsa maphunziro usilikali ndipo ngakhale anakhala katswiri. Nthawi zina pa nthawi nawo kukhazikitsa ntchito zomangamanga chofunika pa chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, tikulankhula za "patsamba Stalin".

Chiyambireni cha ku Russo-Chifinishi nkhondo mu 1939 Karbyshev anaonekera kulikulu, komwe analemba malangizo kwa yojambula kumbuyo Mannerheim Line. Chaka anakhala mkulu-General ndi Doctor wa Asilikali Sciences.

Pa ntchito zake journalistic Karbyshev analemba za 100 ntchito pa zomangamanga. Malinga ndi mabuku ndi pophunzitsa anthu ambiri Red Army akatswiri mpaka nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Makamaka Nthawi zambiri zoyenera kuphunzira Karbyshev ambiri nkhani ya kufulumiza mitsinje pa nkhondo. Mu 1940 analowa CPSU (b).

German ukapolo

A masabata angapo isanayambe Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, General Karbyshev anatumizidwa kukatumikira ku likulu la 3 Army. Iye anali mu Grodno - kwambiri malire. N'kumene kulasa loyamba la Wehrmacht anatumizidwa pamene June 22, 1941 anayamba opaleshoni blitzkrieg.

Patapita masiku angapo likulu asilikali ndi Karbyshev anazungulira. Kuyesa kuthawa kukatentha si bwino, ndipo ambiri a anavulazidwa m'dera Mogilev, pafupi ndi Dnieper Mtsinje.

Kamodzi mu ukapolo, iye anali ambiri zozunzirako, otsiriza umene unali Mauthausen. General Karbyshev anali katswiri wotchuka ndi kunja. Choncho Germany kuchokera Gestapo ndi SS anayesa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti lingasinthe kumbali yake salinso wamng'ono mkulu amene chikanapitirizidwira uthenga wofunika ku likulu la German ndi kuthandiza Ulamuliro wa Nazi.

Nazi ankakhulupirira kuti mosavuta inganyengerere Karbysheva kugwirizana nawo. Kapitawo anali ku otchuka, anachita mu ankhondo tsarist kwa zaka zambiri. Izi mbali biographies akanakhoza kunena kuti General Karbyshev - anthu mwachisawawa mabwalo Bolshevik ndi mokondwera kupanga zinthu ndi Ulamuliro wa Nazi.

60 wazaka kapitawo kangapo kukambirana ofotokozera zinachititsa kuti akuluakulu zogwirizana, koma munthu wakale anakana kugwirizana ndi Germany. Nthawi zonse, molimba mtima ananena kuti chigonjetso Union a Soviet mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndipo a Nazi atagonjetsedwa. Palibe machitidwe ake sananene kuti mkaidi wosweka kapena anataya mtima.

mu Hammelburg

M'chaka cha 1942 Karbyshev wotchedwa Dmitry Mikhailovich Anam'samutsira Hammelburg. Icho chinali chapadera yozunzirako akuluakulu analandidwa. Apa iwo kulenga moyo womasuka kwambiri. Choncho, utsogoleri German anayesa kukopa akapitawo udindo wapamwamba wa gulu lankhondo la adani, zomwe yapamwamba kwambiri kunyumba. Pa nkhondo Hammelburg anachezeredwa ndi akaidi 18 zikwi Soviet. Aliyense wa iwo anali tithe mkulu wa asilikali. Ambiri inawonongeka atachoka pa misasa imfa ndi akuikidwa mu malo omasuka ndi yabwino m'ndende, pomwe kukambirana wochezeka anali nawo. Komabe Karbyshev wotchedwa Dmitry Mikhailovich chiyani samva mankhwala mdani maganizo ndi okhulupirika kwa Soviet Union.

Pakuti ambiri anaikidwa munthu wapadera - msilikali Pelit. Izi kapitawo wa Wehrmacht nthawi anatumikira mu gulu lankhondo la Tsarist Russia, ndi kudziwa kwambiri za chinenero cha Chirasha. Komanso, anagwira ntchito ndi Karbyshevo pa First World nkhondo Brest-Litovsk.

bwenzi Old anayesa kupeza zosiyanasiyana njira kuti Karbyshev. Ngati iye anakana chigwirizano mwachindunji ndi Wehrmacht, ndiye Pelit adamuonetsa amanyalanyaza Mwachitsanzo, ntchito monga wolemba mbiri ndipo fotokozani ntchito ankhondo a Red Army mu nkhondo panopa. Komabe, ntchito zoterezi simungathe kuchita msilikali.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, poyamba Ajeremani ankafuna Karbyshev pamaso pa mutu wa Russian Kutulutsidwa Army, kenako anatsogolera General Vlasov. Koma zonse sanali kugwirizana anapanga bizinesi: ndi Wehrmacht anasiya lingaliro lake. Tsopano mu Germany tadikira osachepera kuti mkaidi akuvomera ntchito mu Berlin ngati lofunika mmene kukumana katswiri.

mu Berlin

General wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev, amene yonena wapangidwa ndi relocations okhazikika, akali mbamu chokoma kwa Ulamuliro wa Nazi, ndi Germany sanataye chiyembekezo kupeza chinenero naye. Pambuyo pa kulephera Hammelburg iwo anamasulira nkhalamba yandekha mu Berlin ndi unachitikira kumeneko kwa masabata atatu mu mdima.

Ichi chidachitika pa cholinga kukumbutsa Karbyshev kuti akhale kapolo wa mantha nthawi iliyonse, ngati iwe sukufuna kugwirizana ndi Wehrmacht. Pomaliza, mkaidi imatumizidwa ku wofufuzayo kwa nthawi yotsiriza. The Germany anafunsa kuti atithandize ndi mmodzi mwa akatswiri wotchuka kwambiri okonza zida zankhondo. Zinali Heinz Rubengeymer. Izi odziwika bwino katswiri pa nthawi chisanadze nkhondo, monga Karbyshev, ntchito pa monograph pa mbiri yawo yonse. Wotchedwa Dmitry Mikhailovich yekha anam'chitira ndi kulemekeza kudziwika monga katswiri wolemekezeka.

Rubengeymer anachita mnzake wake waukulu chiweruzo. Ngati Karbyshev anavomera kuthandiza, iye akanakhoza kutenga payekha ake nyumba ndi chitetezo zonse chuma chifukwa chuma cha boma German. Komanso, akatswiri a kupereka momasuka ndi malaibulale onse ndipo akusungidwa ku Germany. Iye akhoza chinkhoswe mu maphunziro ongolankhula kapena kugwira ntchito zatsopano m'munda wa zomangamanga. Choncho Karbyshev analola kusonkhanitsa gulu la akatswiri athandizi. The msilikali kukhala msilikali wamkulu wa gulu la asilikali a boma German.

Karbysheva sikuti zinali chakuti anakana mfundo zonse za mdani, ngakhale ena akuyesetsa kulimbikira kwambiri. Kudzamenyana naye ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana lokopa: mwamantha, osyasyalika, malonjezo, etc. Pomaliza, iye anapereka yekha ntchito ongolankhula ... Kuti ndi Karbyshev ngakhale kutsutsa Stalin ndi utsogoleri Soviet. Zonse anafunikira - kumvera gudumu mu dongosolo la ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Ngakhale matenda, ndi m'badwo chidwi General wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev ndi nthawi ino anati kukana kotheratu. Kenako, German utsogoleri kunapatsa ndi zolembedwa ngati munthu motentheka odzipereka zopotoka nkhani ya Bolshevism. Gwiritsani ntchito anthu awa pa zofuna zawo Ulamuliro wa Nazi sakanakhoza.

Ntchito ya kalavulagaga

Karbysheva wa Berlin Anam'samutsira Flossenburg - yozunzirako, amene anali chogwidwa ndi malamulo ankhanza, ndipo a m'ndendemo popanda thanzi kusokoneza bokosi yakalavula gaga. Ndipo ngati ntchito yotero analanda zotsala za magulu a akaidi achinyamata, mukhoza kuona mmene zinalili zovuta anali kwa akulu Karbysheva, amene anali kale makumi asanu ndi awiri.

Komabe, pa kukhala mu Flyussenbyurge iye sanadandaulepo kasamalidwe msasa zinthu osauka. Nkhondo itatha, Soviet Union anazindikira mayina a ngwazi, osati wosweka mu ndende. Khalidwe mtima wa onse anauza akaidi ambiri amene anapita naye ena ntchito. Wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev, ndi zinazo zimene anachita tsiku lililonse, wakhala chitsanzo kutsatira. Iye anaika chidaliro natsutsa akaidi.

Chifukwa luso utsogoleri wa General inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku msasa wina ndi mzake, kotero kuti si anautsa maganizo akaidi ena. Kotero iye anapita konsekonse Germany, monga dazeni akaidi nthawi yomweyo "mafakitale imfa".

Mwezi uliwonse, uthenga kutsogolo anakhala akuda nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa utsogoleri German. Pambuyo chigonjetso pa Stalingrad, Red Army potsiriza anachita zotheka manja awo n'kuyamba counteroffensive motsogozedwa kumadzulo. Pamene kutsogolo anayandikira malire a chisanadze nkhondo Germany, anayamba kuthawa mwamsanga ndende. Ndodo latisautsa ndi akaidi, ndipo anathawira ku dziko. Izi zinali ponseponse.

Kuphedwa pa Mauthausen

Mu 1945 wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev anali kundende otchedwa Mauthausen. Austria, yomwe inali bungwe woopsa, anayamba kuzunzidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet.

Kutetezela amenewa nthawi zonse udindo SS stormtroopers. Zinali iwo amene anatsogolera kuphedwa kwa akaidi. Usiku, Feb. 18, 1945, iwo zatoleredwa zokhudza akaidi chikwi, amene anali Karbyshev. akaidiwo anavula natuma yamvumbi, kumene iwo anali pansi pa mitsinje ya madzi oundana. Akuponya kutentha kumabweretsa chakuti ambiri chabe amakana mtima.

Akaidi amene anapulumuka gawo loyamba la wozunzikirapo, anapatsidwa zovala zamkati ndipo anatumizidwa ku bwalo. Kunja kunali nyengo frosty. Akaidi adamuwumiriza m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Posakhalitsa anayamba kuthila la moto payipi ya yomweyo madzi wozizira. General Karbyshev ataima mu khamu, analimbikitsa anzake Ufumuyo ndipo alibe mantha. Ena anayesa kuthawa iwo kwa ikafika Jets. Iwo anagwira, kumenyedwa ndi truncheons ndipo anabwerera ku malo. Pomaliza, pafupifupi onse anaphedwa, kuphatikizapo wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev. Iye anali ndi zaka 64.

kufufuza Soviet

The mphindi yotsiriza ya moyo Karbysheva anadziwika pa kuyamika kwanu kuti umboni wa Canada Major, amene anatha apulumuke fateful usiku wa kuphedwa kwa akaidi a Mauthausen.

nyenyeswa anasonkhana zokhudza tsogolo la ukapolo General analankhula za mtima wake wosiyana ndi kudzipereka kwa ntchito. Mu August 1946, iye anali atamwalira amaitcha ndi mphoto apamwamba a dziko - mutu wa Hero wa Soviet Union.

M'tsogolo, lonse zokomera boma anatsegula zipilala ulemu. Ndi dzina la General otchedwa misewu. Chosema chachikulu Karbyshev Ndithudi m'gawo la Mauthausen. Pamalo a chikumbukiro linatsegulidwa yozunzirako akufa ndi wosalakwa kuzunzidwa. Apa ndi pamene pali chipilala. Ngwazi za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya Soviet Union achita mabungwe awo ili ambiri yosakota.

chifaniziro chake makamaka wotchuka mu nthawi unawonongedwa. chakuti ambiri akazembe, ndi mmwamba ku ndende, zinali zovuta kuti ngwazi za dziko. Ambiri a iwo anali mokakamiza anathamangitsidwa m'dzikomo kunyumba, ndi khumi ndi anazunzidwa. Wina anapachika Vlasov case, ena anali mu Gulag pa milandu wamantha. Stalin mwini ankasowa wa fano choyera cha ngwazi, amene akanatha kukhala chitsanzo kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo ya Ankhondo.

Kunapezeka kuti mamuna Karbyshev. dzina lake kawirikawiri inadutsa pa masamba a manyuzipepala. Popular anali wotchedwa Dmitry Karbyshev m'mabuku: pakuti linalembedwa ntchito zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, Sergei Vasilyev anadzipereka kwa General ndakatulo "Ulemu". mkaidi wina wa Mauthausen, Yuri Pilar, anali mlembi yonena luso la "Lemekezani" wapolisiyo.

boma la Soviet anayesetsa immortalize chintchito Karbysheva. Pa yemweyo zikalata declassified NKVD amasonyeza kuti kufufuza za imfa yake zinachitikadi msanga, anawalamulira kuchokera kumwamba. Mwachitsanzo, Canada Major zikuonetsa St. Clair (umboni) anali kosagwirizana ndi zolakwika. Kwa izo sanazindikire zinthu zambiri zomwe ndiye atachuluka yonena Karbysheva.

St. Clair, amene umboni anali tsogolo la onse akufa, iye anamwalira pambuyo pa nkhondo ku thanzi imawonongeka zaka zingapo. Pamene Ofufuza Soviet adamfunsa Iye, iye anali kale kudwala. Komabe, mu 1948 wolemba Novogrudski anamaliza buku boma odzipereka kwa mbiri Karbysheva. Mu izo, anawonjezera kwambiri mfundo zimene St. Clair sanatchulepo.

Popanda ndikunyoza khalidwe mtima wa asilikali a boma la Soviet anayesa kutseka maso awo kuti tsoka la akuluakulu ena a udindo wapamwamba wa asilikali, amene anazunzidwa ndi kuphedwa mu mtengo zipinda za Gestapo. Pafupifupi onsewo akhala akuvutika chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza "oukira" ndi "adani" mfundo Stalin.