Mannerheim Line. The yojambula wa Mannerheim Line

Chinthu, umene kukopa chidwi ndi zonse za mibadwo yambiri ya anthu, ndi ya zodzitetezera Mannerheim. Chifinishi mzere chitetezo ili pa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Ndi zambiri bunkers, anaphulitsa ndipo lili ndi kuda zipolopolo, mizere mwala mavuto thanki, ngalande nakumba odana thanki ngalande - zonse bwino anapulumutsidwa, ngakhale kuti papita zaka zoposa 70.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo

Chifukwa nkhondo asilikali USSR ndi Finland anali kufunika kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha mzindawo a Leningrad, monga izo zinali pafupi ndi malire Chifinishi. Madzulo a Wachiwiri World nkhondo Chifinishi utsogoleri anali wokonzeka kupereka m'gawo lake monga ponyamukira adani ambiri la Soviet Union, ndipo makamaka - kwa Germany Hitler.

chakuti Leningrad mu 1931 anasamutsidwa kuti udindo wa mzinda wa tanthauzo dziko, ndi mbali ya gawo phunziro kwa Leningrad Council City, pa nthawi yomweyo ndi malire ndi Finland. N'chifukwa chake utsogoleri Soviet ndi kuyamba kukambirana ndi dziko, kuitana ake kugawana mayiko awo. Bungwe Akuuza gawo kawiri kuposa timalandira kubwerera. The chopunthwitsa mu madongosolo anatsimikizira kuwapempha USSR kuika pa nthaka Chifinishi a zapansi asilikali. Koma zipani ndiribe anavomera, zimene zinachititsa kuti chiyambi cha Soviet-Chifinishi, kapena otchedwa Zima nkhondo. Kwambiri chifukwa cha iye, Leningrad akanakhala anagwidwa ndi asilikali a Hitler akadali chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mu danga la masiku ochepa.

prehistory

Lingaliro la "Mannerheim Line" amatanthauza zovuta za malinga mbiri yomwe zatenganso mbali mu nkhondo Soviet-Chifinishi. Zinatha mu nthawi kuchokera November 30, 1939 pa March 13, 1940.

Kamodzi Finland ufulu wodzilamulira, nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuganiza za kulimbitsa m'malire awo, ndipo kumayambiriro 1918, ntchito yomanga waya waminga pa malo tsogolo asilikali chishango Mannerheim unayambitsidwa. Mfundo potsiriza anavomereza mu 1920 ndipo poyamba lotchedwa "mzere Enkel" polemekeza yomanga ake anatsogolera Major General O. L. Enkelya, yemwe anali Mkulu wa General Wogwila. The mapulogalamu za malinga anali French kapitawo JJ Gross Kaussi, wotumidwa Finland kuthandiza kulimbikitsa malire a dziko lino. Koma, kutsatira kale anakhazikitsa nthawi miyambo, malinga zovuta mChipangano polemekeza "mabwana chachikulu" monga Maginot Line kapena Stalin. Choncho, asasokonezeke, zopinga awa akhala anadzatchedwa ndipo dzina lake polemekeza Mtsogoleri wa asilikali a dziko la Finland Karla Gustava Mannerheim, msilikali wakale wa asilikali a Russian.

Kulimbikitsidwa chishango Finland

Mannerheim Line - mzere wa chitetezo cha 135 Km, umene kwathunthu anawoloka lonse Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba - kuchokera Gulf wa Finland ndi Nyanja Ladoga. Ku West usilikali Kulumikizana anadutsa mwina athyathyathya ndipo mwina yokutidwa ndi mapiri dera, likufotokoza mavesi angapo pakati pa nyanja ang'ono ndi m'madambo. Kummawa, mzere zinali zochokera Vuoksinskie dongosolo madzi, zomwe palokha ndi cholepheretsa. Choncho, mu nthawi kuyambira 1920 mpaka 1924 Finns zinamangidwa oposa zana okhazikika makhazikitsidwe a asilikali.

Pakutha 1927 zinadziwika kuti zopinga yokumba Enckell khalidwe la nyumba ndi zida zao wolephera chitetezo Soviet, choncho kumanga awo anali inaimitsidwa. Mu 30s kachiwiri anayambanso ntchito yomanga maofesi yaitali. Iwo anamanga pang'ono, koma zambiri zamphamvu ndi kovuta kupeza.

Mu 30s oyambirira malo wapampando wa State Council silikhali yoikidwiratu Mannerheim. mzere Panopo anamanga kuiyang'anira.

Malinga - pillboxes

Zofunika kwambiri chitetezo kuletsa Mzere kutumikira mfundo, imene inali bunkers angapo yowona (mfundo cholimba moto) ndi bunker (theka lapansi emplacements) zisa mfuti ya makina, bunkers ndi mfuti kunkhondo. Malinga ndi mzere wa malinga chitetezo anaiika omangidwa kwambiri, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pawo nthawi zina ngakhale ukufika 6-8 Km.

Monga amadziwika, kumanga usilikali zaka zopitirira chaka, choncho ndi nthawi yomanga bunkers anawagawa mibadwo awiri. Woyamba ndi emplacements mfuti, anamanga mu nthawi kuchokera 1920 mpaka 1937, ndipo chachiwiri - ndi 1938-39 nthawi. Bunkers yoperekedwa kwa m'badwo woyamba, - lolimbikitsa pang'ono, lakonzedwa kuti agwirizane mfuti 1-2 yokha. Iwo sanali okonzeka mokwanira ndipo analibe makola a asilikali. The makulidwe a malinga konkire ndi denga chiyani musalumphe 2 m. Kenako, ambiri a iwo akweza.

M'badwo wachiwiri zikuphatikizapo otchedwa miliyoni, monga mtengo awo ataya anthu Finland zizindikiro miliyoni 1 Chifinishi lililonse. A okwana 7 ngati emplacements wamphamvu mfuti anali Mannerheim Line. Pillboxes anthu miliyoni anali masiku ambiri pa nthawi ya analimbitsa nyumba konkire, zida ndi munakhazikitsa 4-6, 1-2 amene anali Cannon. Yoopsa kwambiri ndi bunkers kwambiri zokhalamo ankatengedwa Sj-4 "Poppius" ndi Sj-5 "MILIYONEYA".

pillboxes onse anali mosamala camouflaged ndi miyala ndi matalala, kotero izo zinali zovuta kwambiri kudziwa, ndi kuswa maselo awo m'ndende akhala kovuta.

zone chigumula

Kuwonjezera angapo yaitali munda malinga anali envisaged sayenera penapake yokumba chigumula. Onse mliri wa mwadzidzidzi Nkhondo kuwaletsa kwathunthu kumaliza, koma madamu angapo anamangidwira panobe. Amachita nkhuni ndi dziko la mitsinje Tyueppelyanyoki (panopa Alexandrovka) ndi Rokkalanyoki (tsopano Gorokhovka). The damu aime konkire pa mtsinje Peronyoki (p. Perovka), komanso Plotinka ang'onoang'ono Mayayoki ndi damu pa Sayyanyoki (tsopano chigawo. Wolf).

zopinga antitank

Popeza zida ndi akasinja Soviet zinali zokwanira, palokha anapempha funso mmene kuthana nawo. Waya waminga, poyamba anaika pa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba, akhoza kukhala ikhale yabwino kwa magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, choncho anaganiza kudula stockade ya lubwe ndi kukumba antitank ngalande akuya 1 mita ndi m'lifupi mwake 2.5 m. Komabe, monga kunapezeka m'kupita kwa maudani, mwala mano chinjoka anali osamveka. kuwasuntha awo kapena zipolopolo kwa mfuti zida zankhondo. Atafufuza mobwerezabwereza bombardment lubwe kuwonongedwa, chifukwa ndime lonse anapanga.

Mano chinjoka akatswiri Chifinishi anaika pa 10 mizere ya odana ndi ogwira ndi mabomba odana thanki, movutikira.

poukira

Zima nkhondo zikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo awiri. Woyamba unakhala kuchokera November 30, 1939 pa February 10, 1940 Sturm Mannerheim Line anali ovuta kwambiri ndi wamagazi kwa Red Army pa nthawi imeneyo.

Kunapezeka kuti wamphamvu chotchinga, ngakhale zolakwa zake zonse, pafupifupi akuluakulu cholepheretsa asilikali Soviet. Kuwonjezera pa kukana woyaka moto wa asilikali Chifinishi, vuto yaikulu anali amphamvu makumi digiri frosts, omwe anakhala, molingana ndi azambiriyakale kwambiri, chifukwa chachikulu kulephera kwa boma la Soviet Union mphero.

February 11 akuyamba yachiwiri msonkhano yozizira - ambiri amanyansidwa wa Red Army. Pa nthawi imeneyi kwa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba anali m'chiuno kuchuluka pazipita zida za nkhondo ndiponso anthu. A masiku angapo panali zida zankhondo lokonzekera, zipolopolo zinkagwera pa malo a Finns, amene anamenya pansi pa utsogoleri wa Mannerheim. Osunga lonse loyandikira m'dera anali wolemera bomba. Pamodzi ndi dziko la kutsogolo kumpoto-kumadzulo mu nkhondo nawo sitima ya Baltic zombo ndi utangoyamba Ladoga Flotilla.

yojambula

masiku atatu inatenga akanthe mzere woyamba wa chitetezo, ndipo pa February 17 asilikali a 7 Army anasiya mu izo, ndi Finns anakakamizika kwathunthu kusiya mzere awo oyamba kusuntha kwa wachiwiri, ndi pa February 21-28, nataya izo. Yojambula wa Mannerheim Line anatsogolera polimbana luso ndi ndani Timoshenko, amene anatenga mkulu wa I. V. Stalina North-Western Front. Tsopano 7 ndi 13 Army mothandizidwa mayunitsi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baltic zombo oyendetsa kanayamba amanyansidwa olowa mu Mzere wa Gulf wa Vyborg kwa Vuoksi nyanja. Kuwona kumangotsatira ngati la mdani, asilikali Chifinishi anasiya malo awo.

Chifukwa, ndi yojambula lachiwiri la Mannerheim Line unakwaniritsidwa ndi chakuti, ngakhale kukana wosimidwa wa Finns, 13 March, Red Army anapita Vyborg. Awo anali mapeto a nkhondo Soviet-Chifinishi.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

Chifukwa cha Zima nkhondo, Soviet Union lakwaniritsa pyonsene pikhafuna:. Dziko kwathunthu analanda Nyanja Ladoga, komanso kuti inakhala ndi mphamvu za gawolo Finland 40 zikwi sq M. Km.

Tsopano, ambiri akufunsa, ndipo ngati pakufunika nkhondo imeneyi? Ngati si chifukwa cha chigonjetso mu kampeni Chifinishi, Leningrad adzakhala oyamba mu mndandanda wa mizinda anakhudzidwa ndi nagonjetsa wa Nazi ku Germany.

Tours za malo a nkhondo

Pakali pano, ambiri a nyumba za kuwonongedwa, koma ngakhale, maulendo ku malo a nkhondo za Zima nkhondo unagwiritsabe, ndi chidwi suzimitsidwa. Anasunga malinga komabe chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri - ndi asilikali nyumba zomangamanga, ndi monga kudzachita ndi kuzisiya nkhondo imeneyi theka aiwala nkhondo.

Pali mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe malo amene akutukuka mapulogalamu apadera pa malo awa, pamene Mannerheim Line. Ulendo zambiri zikuphatikizapo nkhani za magawo a zomangamanga ake, komanso patsogolo nkhondo.

Kuti amaona pang'ono ndipo ndi moyo wa makamu Chifinishi ndi Soviet, bungwe alendo Field nkhomaliro. Komanso akhoza kujambulidwa motsutsa likhale zomangamanga odzitukumula ndi zinthu zida, kuti tiwone ndi kugwira m'manja mwa zitsanzo zida.

Mu mbiri ya nkhondo nawo nkhondo alipobe akhungu ambiri mawanga, zochitika chobisika ndi mfundo. Zinali nazonso, ndi nkhondo ya Soviet Union ndi Finland 1939-40. Iye anagona pa mapewa a wadutsamo ndi mbali zonse. Mu masiku 105 chabe, pamene anali kumenyana, anaphedwa pafupifupi 150 zikwi. Man, 20 chikwi. Kuphonya. Nazi zotsatira za theka aiwala ndi, monga ena azambiriyakale, "zosafunika" nkhondo. Ngati chipilala kuti asilikali wagwa anachoka pa nkhondo chachilendo mu ukulu Mannerheim Line. Photos of nthawi ndi miyala pa misa m'manda akadali akutikumbutsa za ungwazi wa asilikali Soviet ndi Chifinishi.