Mbiri ndi ndale chithunzi cha Alexander 1: ofotokoza ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

M'nkhaniyi, ife adzayandikira ndale ndi chithunzi mbiri ya Alexander 1, mwachidule, kumene. Zocitika za Russian Mfumu wolemera zosiyanasiyana mfundo, Kuphunzira zonse zomwe adzafunika kuposa masamba khumi.

malingaliro oyambirira

Alexander Pavlovich anabadwa pa December 12, 1777. Maphunziro a wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu, ankachita nawo agogo ake Catherine II. Iye anaganiza kuti iye akanakhoza kukula Mfumu wangwiro wa Russia. Mnyamatayo anali mphunzitsi pa La Harpe maina Swiss. Mfumukazi anakonda ndi owonongedwa mdzukulu. Iye anakwatira iye oyambirira ndi zaka 16. Ndipo mkazi wake, wotchuka wa Baden, zaka 14. yekha Ngakhale mnyamatayu, iwo anakhala pamodzi, ngakhale ana awiri, amene anabereka Elizabeth (Louise asanalandire ubatizo), anafa ali wakhanda.

kuwukonza zolakwika

Chithunzi andale a Alexander 1 kudzakhala kwathunthu popanda kutchulanso kuti nayembekeza kulenga anthu uweme unyamata wake. Iye anali pafupi Kupereka maganizo autocracy. Pa French kuukira boma, iye sanaone chirichonse cholakwika. bambo ake anaphedwa ku chiwembu yachifumu mu 1801. Alexander anali ndi zaka 24 zokha, koma kale ankadziwa zolakwa kuti kupewedwa kuti si kuwawa yemweyo chisoni tsoka.

Yambani ntchito

Choncho, anakwera mpando wachifumu, choyamba anabwerera mwayi wa otchuka, amene anathetsa Paulo I. Ndicho analoledwa kupita kudziko lina, Akhululukidwa anazunzidwa, iye anakwezera kuletsa mabuku zakunja Russian. Chithunzi cha Mfumu Alexander 1 yothandiza mudziwe kuti ankadera nkhawa osati za otchuka, komanso anthu wamba, osawuka. Mu 1803 iye anapereka lamulo malinga ndi zomwe mlimi akhale mfulu, ngati inu dipo kwa mbuye wake. Kumene, ngati mwinimunda wa ankatsutsa icho, kuchita anakana kutenga malo, koma mwayi ena ufulu kwa serfdom anaonekera. Lamulo limeneli ankatchedwa "Watsimikiza alimi ufulu." Mu ulamuliro wa Alexander ine anayamba ndi machenjerero ena amene mlimi akhale mfulu, koma iwo sanali akuyendera. Komabe, pamene anthu wamba, amene anapatsidwa ufulu wawo, akhoza kukhala malo awo.

No autocracy

Mu ulamuliro wa Alexander Ine, kusintha kwa BOMA kunachitidwa. Pambuyo malamulo a mfumu akhoza zimafika thupi mwapadera analenga, wotchedwa malangizo chofunika kwambiri. thupi langa zakonosoveschatelnogo. Amakhala ndi achinyamata mozungulira mfumu kuyambira pa unyamata wake. Ambiri a malingaliro awo sizinasokonekere akuyendera. Pamene Alexander I anakwera mpandowachifumu, iye anayamba kuganiza za mmene mphamvu zawo. Ndipo iye anati kukonza akufuna malangizo singasiyanitsidwe, kungachititse chakuti iwo adzataya kukakamiza a kalasi chapamwamba, mamembala a zimene iwo anali sanakonde. Membala yaikulu ya Council anali Mikhail Speransky. Koma Mfumu ochenjera anakakamizika kuti achotsedwe malo ake ndi ku ukapolo. Ngati kutsindika kuti iye sankagwirizana ndi maganizo ake, kuphatikizapo ufulu wofanana olemekezeka, osawuka, bourgeoisie zazing'ono, ogwira ntchito ndi atumiki, kusintha kwa malamulo ndi wamkulu akuluakulu.

Best ndi mdani wa zabwino

Komabe, maganizo ena mwapang'onopang'ono akhoza kukhazikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ulamuliro wa utsogoleri anakhala nduna. Inakhalapo pambuyo gulu lonse n'kuyamba kutumikira. Pa nthawi yomweyo okhawo amene anagwa otchuka kwa eni dziko. Tsopano m'dziko akhoza kupeza umwini wa amalonda ndi anthu amalonda. Pa malo awo, iwo anali kuchita zinthu chuma, ntchito ntchito aganyo. Pambuyo Speranskii zofunika m'chigawo cha munthu Arakcheev. Atatero, Alexander ndinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo kukhazikitsa midzi asilikali. Anali kulakalaka, kupulumutsa boma kukhala kukhalabe asilikali. Ndipo m'midzi awa akanakhala ndi moyo anthu amene tikugwira ulimi ndi okha kudyetsedwa ndi atavekedwa. Komabe, nkhaniyi si ndithu opambana. Anthu zionetsero kukhala asilikali ndi alimi nthawi yomweyo. Kupanduka Arakcheyev mwamphamvu kuletsedwa. Ziribe kanthu momwe anthu anakaniza zaluso, koma kwa 1857, pamene midzi anali anathetsa, panali 800,000 asilikali iwo.

Tiyenera kuphunzira

Chithunzi mbiri ya Alexander 1, muyenera kuwonjezera pang'ono kuwala mitundu. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kusintha maphunziro. Kukhala yekha munthu wophunzira kwambiri, Mfumu anazindikira kuti anthu ophunzira kwambiri mu Russia, ndi bwino kuti dziko. Choncho, mu zaka za ulamuliro wake, chinatseguka ambiri m'sukulu za sekondale ndi m'makoleji. Ndipo 5 mayunivesite anatseguka. Russia lidagawikana m'zigawo sukulu, omwe anali yunivesite yake.

chigonjetso wathu

Chithunzi andale a Alexander 1 adzakhala chosakwanira ngati si kunena kuti pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake, mu 1812, kunabuka nkhondo ndi France. Motsogozedwa ndi Mfumu, dziko lathu adzawina Napoleon, kuteteza malire ake. Koma mdani wamphamvu ndipo anatha kugonjetsa onse a ku Ulaya. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti Napoleon anapempha manja mlongo wa Alexander I - Anna Pavlovna, koma iye anakana. Ndipotu ina chidwi ndi Russia ndi France Poyamba lankhondo. Koma iwo samakhoza kugwirizana amene eni malo ena.

Mapeto a moyo

mitundu wachisoni chithunzi cha Alexander 1 anawonjezera nkhani ya imfa yake. Iye anafa Taganrog. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, kuchokera tayifodi, pa ena - kuchokera kutupa ubongo. Izi zinachitika mu 1825. Iye anali ndi zaka 48 zokha. chiwonongeko ichi chinali chotheka kuti anthu anabwera ndi Baibulo lake. Malinga ndi iye, mfumu anafa, ndipo anapita kwa anthu ndi moyo monga kudzipatula mpaka kukalamba. About nthawi zakale kungatithandize kuti ndalama ndi chithunzi cha Alexander 1, koma pa moyo wake iye waletsa kwa timbewu mbiri zawo. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 19 koma anamasulidwa angapo ndalama za mtundu umenewo. Okwana panali 30 zidutswa kupangidwa. Lero, mmodzi ngati ndalama, chimene chimafotokoza chithunzi cha Alexander 1, mtengo miliyoni 2 rubles.

m'malo

Amene wadutsa mphamvu atafa Alexander Ine? Iye ankafuna kuti pambuyo pa imfa yake mfumu anali m'bale wake Constantine, koma antchito. Choncho, m'chaka cha 1923, Alexander analemba Ndondomeko chinsinsi pa Kusankhidwa kwa mfumu yachiwiri ya m'bale wake - Nicholas. Koma chifukwa cha ichi, palibe akudziwa, Chenjerani ndi Nicholas analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa Constantine, kutanthauza kuti poika mfumu yomaliza. Komabe, anthu chinsinsi cha Decembrists anakonza chiwembu, mu pofuna kuletsa Nicholas akuti mozemba wotanganidwa wachifumu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ankafuna kufafaniza serfdom ndi kupha mfumu, kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse kutha autocracy. Komabe, iwo analephera. Ndipo mu ulamuliro wa Nicholas I. Koma ndizo nkhani ina ...