Templars - amene muli? Mbiri ya Knights Templar

M'mbiri ya anthu, pali zinsinsi zambiri zomwe chimwemwe mitima ya okonda akale ndi adventurers. Mwa zinsinsi izi, yokutidwa ndi fumbi pa zaka zambiri, pali wina ingatithandize kuti mwina sadzapeza limodzi. Palibe amadziwa amene Templars, chithunzi, kapena kani, kumene mungapeze fano nkhani. Yokhala, zolalika zawo ndi bwino pepala sukulu. Koma ambiri akhungu mawanga kuti chakudya zapamwamba.

Mfundo poyambira

Tisanafotokoze kuthana ndi funso lakuti: "The Templars - awa ndi ndani", muyenera agwera mu zakale ndi kufufuza zinthu dziko la zaka. Only inatha pa nkhondo zomenyera choyamba, bungwe ndi dziko Western. mnyamata achipembedzo amene analabadira pempho la Papa Urban II wa akudzipereka kulenga dongosolo lake. Gulu loyamba anali asanu ndi anayi Ankhondo ake zabwino, amene anali ndi cholinga wolemekezeka: kuteteza amwendamnjira kupita Land Woyera. Iye anasankhidwa mutu wa Gugo De Payne.

Choncho, Templars - iwo ali mamembala a m'deralo, Ankhondo ndi kukondera achipembedzo. Deti la maziko ake akuti ndi 1119, ndipo hayala chawo choyamba anaonekera kokha zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo pake, mu 1128-m. Koma zikuoneka kuti kwachinsinsi Order ya anatuluka kale kwambiri, mu 1099. Ndiye Godefroy Bois de A Yerusalemu anatumiza olemera osankhidwa anthu asanu amene apatsidwa malangizo apadera. Anayambitsa m'dera tikudziwa ngati Order Kachisi. Ndiyeno anayamba akulembedwa chachikulu cha aliyense, koma anthu abwino.

woyamba chinsinsi

Ndipo apa pagona chithunzi choyamba kuti wasiya Templars. ndi amene Ankhondo awa olimba mtima? Otentheka, ankhondo kapena hoaxer? Iwo akhoza linkanena kuti cholinga chawo chinali mu 1099, kuyambira tsiku limeneli chikugwirizana ndi nkhondo zomenyera lapansi. Koma kodi anthu asanu kupereka chitetezo chodalirika alendo chiyani? Ayi, makamaka chifukwa chakuti anali ku Yerusalemu, kumene wachita zina. Koma kodi Templars izi zaka makumi awiri asanamvetsetse zikamera boma la Constituion - palibe aliyense akudziwa. Ndipo chifukwa iwo anakhala chete za ulipodi?

The Scion ya mafumu Merovingian

Munthu amene ndi kulinganiza wa Order, dzina lake Godefroy Bois de A Boulogne. Adzaupereka kwa mafumu Merovingian yakale banja lachifumu. Izo zikhoza kukhala ena zinsinsi anataya mbiri, komanso chidwi wake ku Yerusalemu, kumene makolo ake adadza. Zikuoneka kuti iye anali amanena wake wachifumu, monga nthumwi ya m'banja la Davide. Choncho, Templars - iwo ndiwo anthu amene Godefroy kukhulupirirana komanso amene anathandiza cholinga chake chinsinsi. Iye anafa chaka pambuyo adani a mzinda waukulu wa Land Woyera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anasankhidwa Mfumu ya Yerusalemu, koma iye sanali korona, inde, mfundo, osati ndimakonda izi. Mfumu yoyamba ya mzinda ankaona kuti m'bale wake. Iwo m'manda Godefroy, Woteteza Manda Opatulika, monga ananena kuti m'kachisi, kumene anthu a mmudzimo ankakonda kukhala.

oyambitsa zina

Kuwonjezera Godefroy la Boulogne, kukhazikitsa alimi akhoza Gugo De Payne ndi Saint-Omer. Pa wachiwiri pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika, kupatula dzina. Mbali yoyamba mu nkhondo zomenyera ndi panokha ankadziwa Godefroy. Ndipo iwo sitingalephere Zikuvumbulutsidwa pa nthawi, anali comrades-mu-manja. Dziko woyera Hugo anabwera ndi dzina lakuti zinyalala (amitundu). Koma banja Godefroy anam'konda, mfumu ya Yerusalemu (Baldwin Woyamba ndi Wachiwiri) kumuthandiza. The Order analowa ndi Chiwerengero cha Shampeni, bwana Payne, kusonyeza kuti Hugo anali umunthu kwambiri. Apo ayi, wolemekezeka njonda ukadamvera m'manja ake?

Dzina ndi chizindikiro

Makamaka kuyambira pachiyambi pa Templars. ndi amene Ankhondo osauka awa? Kutetezedwa mwachizolowezi cha Manda Opatulika kapena bungwe ndi zolinga zake chinsinsi? Mwina choonadi ndi penapake pakati. Dzinali analandira pambuyo mwambo kuti misonkhano ya Al-Aqsa Mosque. Choncho kuuka Order Kachisi. Logo A anaonekera patapita nthawi yaitali, pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa hayala ndi, kwinakwake mu zaka 1147-1148. Red mtanda sewn pa siginecha zovala zoyera chosiyanitsa abale ochokera Ankhondo ena.

Lowoneka chuma cha Order

Choncho, zikuonekeratu kuti Templars - ndi Akhristu amene anatsalira ku Yerusalemu ndi cholinga chake. The Order, amene poyamba anali wopangidwa anthu asanu okha anakhala wolemekezeka kwambiri mu West. Nthawi iliyonse yachifumu anali kuimira abale, iwo anali minda, nyumba, ndipo anali bwino ankayendetsa zachuma. Ngakhale mafumu linachokera ndalama zosowa zawo! Chuma cha Templars chinakwera ndi leaps ndi malire, zomwe anakopeka anthu ambiri. Ndipo abale anati tiwonana kuti zolakwa zawo zonse ndi machimo ochitidwa iwo kale. Mphamvu ya Knights wakula pamodzi ndi chimaposa cha. Amagula chilumba cha Cyprus, kumene iwo analenga zogona zawo. Choncho, m'pomveka kufunsa kuti: Templars - amene ali Ankhondo osauka kapena Rothschilds weniweni?

Iwo sakanakhoza kuthandiza koma monga mafumu European, amene nthawi zonse anali poluporozhnyuyu zopereka. French Korol Filipp Fair pamodzi ndi Papa kukaneneza Order machimo wamba, analamula kuti amumange abale ndi kusankha malo awo mu mtima mwawo. Last mbuye Zhak De Mole wotembereredwa ndi mfumu, ndi opanduka Papa, yemwe anadalitsa chiwawa, mpaka fuko khumi ndi chitatu. onse mu kuonongeka kwa Kachisi ndi kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko, kufa imfa yochititsa manyazi chaka chimodzi zitachitika. Temberero la Knights Templar - ndi chinsinsi china cha Order. Ngakhale kubwezera kuyatsa Mbuye ndi abale ena anali otsala Ankhondo.

Chifukwa chiwonongeko cha Order

Chifukwa Templars anawonongedwa? ndi amene iwo - ife kale pang'ono bwino, koma kupereka m'munsimu zifukwa Order mlandu. Choyamba - chuma chosaneneka kuti ambiri sangathe ndimalota - ngakhale mafumu kapena atsogoleri. Inde, ambiri amafuna kukhala nawo chuma ndi iwo. Komabe, nthawi wasonyeza pa nthawi ya liquidation wa Ankhondo a m'deralo kale Katundu awo onse: chuma chawo chinali chopanda. Mwina iwo onse anali kubisala? Ndipo ichi ndi chinsinsi chachikulu cha Ankhondo, amene ankabwerera ndi okonda ndalama.

Chifukwa chachiwiri - chikoka ndi mphamvu ya abale amene anali kuopseza kwambiri ulamuliro wa dziko Mkhristu aliyense. Chachitatu - zimene Templars sayeneranso chakhumi, kuti si kupereka msonkho kwa Papa. Izinso, sanathe kukhala moyo wa pontifi lapansi.

Masonic mphanga

Tinganene mosakayika kuti Templars - izo osema miyala. Asanafe, Grand Master nachobe nthawi kuika m'malo amene ankachita zochita zawo, ngakhale mu chikhulupiriro lotsatira. Iye anatha kukonza anayi Masonic manyumba ogona - mu Paris, Edinburgh, Stockholm ndipo Naples, ndiko kum'mawa, kumpoto, kumadzulo, ndi kummwera. Komanso zikuoneka kuti Ankhondo otsala anapeza osema miyala pogona amene opareshoni bwino m'munsi mwa Order Templars. mabungwe awa chatsekedwa zilipodi.

Dziwani kuti atagwa eka mu 1291 Ankhondo anasamukira ku Cyprus ndipo kenako Paris, likulu French ndi likulu lake. Apa anamanga m'dziko ndi kachisi amene anawakumbutsa Yerusalemu kachisi, mipanda yolimba. Koma ambiri a zinyumba kuti sanapulumuke: iwo kapena kuonongedwa kapena kukhala mbali ya mipingo ina. Koma kulengedwa kwa Order monga manyumba ogona Masonic ndi ntchito lero. Mu Paris, abale kukakhala chete msewu Cadet, 16. ntchito ku likulu, owonetsera zakale ndi mabungwe ena angapo. Chokongoletsedwa zizindikiro lolingana ndi kanali. Ngakhale pansi mu zipinda Ng'ona ndi mabwalo red-ndi-woyera. Amene ali Knights Templar ndi anthu osema miyala Ndipotu - akadali kumvetsa.

Aganyu ndi Templars

Kulankhula za kugwirizana pakati pa awiriwa madera lodziwika bwino amafunika kudziwa bwino amene ndi achiwembu ndi Templars. Templars - dongosolo knightly, amene adatenga Akhristu okha amene akufuna amadzipereka ndi cholinga chabwino - kuteteza amwendamnjira ndi Manda Opatulika ku Yerusalemu. Achiwembu - ndi brainchild a "Mkulu Mountain" Hassan al-Sabah, kuchita Islam. Mamembala a gulu anali okonzeka kufa chifukwa iwo akuyembekezera mphoto - munda wa Edeni ndi anamwali. Ndipo panali nkhani yomwe mutu ntchito zitsamba zina zoledzeretsa, makamaka hashish, ndi kutsirikidwa.

Mabungwe awiri Mbali wamba: chitsulo chilango, khulupirira kwambiri Mulungu, ngakhale kuti zotentheka, N'ZOSACHITA kufunsa kuphedwa kwa Mbuye chifuniro, mphamvu pa chuma dziko. Ngakhale fano la mamembala awo ofanana kwambiri. Komabe, iwo ankati zipembedzo amene anamenya mphamvu pa dziko. Choncho kuyankha funso "amene ali aganyu ndi Templars", akhoza ankanena kuti ndi otsutsa osati ogwirizana.

Other Akhristu Order

owerenga kale amadziwa anthu amene Templars. The Hospitallers, ndi Teutons - ndi mabungwe ena omwe anakhazikitsa pa Nkhondo za Mtanda. Panali zambiri zofanana, koma panali kusiyana. Nthawi zambiri abale yoperekedwa kwa madongosolo osiyana, kumenyana wina ndi mzake. Pambuyo Knights Akhristu anatilola nawo nkhondo osakhulupirira ndi kukhetsa mwazi m'dzina la Khristu. Kumutsutsa mzake wa chisokonezo, iwo anali kumenyera chikoka. Koma ngati Templars inathetsedwa ndi zoletsedwa, ndi Teutons ndi Hospitallers mwayi woti kulibe, kupitiriza ntchito zawo. Komabe, kupambana monga Templars, iwo sanali ngakhale akulakalaka.

Hospitaller Order ya

Magwero a Order ukuchitika mu 1070 pamene wamalonda - Mauro cha Amalfi - maziko a nyumba alendo ndi wogonera, otchedwa kuchipatala. Panali anthu amene ankafunira molasidwa ndi odwala, ndi kusunga dongosolo mu obisika a. Ndi 1113 anthu wakula ndi kulimbikitsidwa kuti Papa kumulola mutu wa uzimu ndi Knights.

Hospitallers anatenga zowinda kumvera, wodzisunga ndi umphawi. Iwo anakhala chizindikiro cha mtanda woyera ndi malekezero eyiti, omwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito chovala wakuda kumanzere. Chovala anali mikono yopapatiza, amene analankhula za analibe ufulu wa abale. Kenako Ankhondo atavala mu zovala ofiira ndi adasoka mtanda pachifuwa pake. mamembala anali m'magulu atatu - abusa, makamaka Ankhondo ndi atumiki. zosankha zofunika zinalengedwa ndi Ambuye Wamkulu ndi General Chapter.

Hospitaller Order kuchokera pachiyambi cholinga - kuthandiza odwala ndi ovulala, ndi wogonera osauka ndi ana anathawamo. Koma Ankhondo anayamba kutenga nawo mbali m'nkhondo ndi misonkhano. Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chinayi, yakhala pachilumba cha Rhodes ndi kukhala kumeneko mpaka m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Kenako anakakhala Malta, kumene anapitiriza kumenyana osakhulupirira. Ndiye Napoleon anagonjetsa Malta mbaathamangisamo abale. Choncho Hospitallers anali mu Russia.

dongosolo akhoza kulowa olemekezeka ndi amuna free, mafumu ngakhale akazi (Templars anatenga amuna okha). Koma Grand Master anakhala yekha olemekezeka. ubale wa khalidwe ndi korona, lupanga ndi kusindikizidwa. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi dongosolo la Hospitallers (Ioanity, Ankhondo a Malta) imatengedwa wauzimu ndiponso mabungwe bungweli ndi likulu ku Rome.

Teutonic Order

Mu Yerusalemu m'nthawi akhumi ndi Chijeremani amwendamnjira bungwe odwalayo awo. Izi tinganene kuti chiyambi cha Teutonic Order, amene poyamba anali gawo ofunda ya Hospital. Mu 1199 izo anavomereza hayala ndi osankhidwa Grand Master. Koma 1221-mamita Teutons analandira udindo tizimudalira knightly dongosolo. Abale anatenga malonjezo atatu - kumvera, wodzisunga ndi umphawi. Ndipo m'mene tidalowa Order okha anthu a anthu olankhula Chijeremani. zizindikiro Community kawirikawiri mtanda wakuda izikhala pa chovwala woyera.

Posachedwapa Knights zidaleka kuchita ntchito ya Hospital, kwathunthu kupita ku nkhondo osakhulupirira. Koma iwo analibe mphamvu zoterozo ku dziko la kwawo, amene anali Templars ku England kapena France. Germany anali bwino nthawi, zakhala zosamveka ndi osauka. Teutons kumanzere Manda Ankhondo ena, kuti amalera pa adani a m'mayiko a kum'mawa, omwe anakhala katundu wawo. Pamenepo anatembenuka maso awo m'madera kumpoto (mayiko Baltic), kumene iye anayambitsa atalandidwa Riga, ndi cholowa Prussia. Mu 1237 Teutons anaphatikizidwa Order wina German - ndi Livonia, amene anapita ku Russia, koma anataya.

Order mwachangu anamenyana ndi boma Chipolishi Chilituyaniya. Mu 1511 Master Albert Hohenzollern yekha mkulu wa Prussia ndi Brandenburg, ndipo analanda gulu maudindo onse. Teutons sangakhoze kuti achire kamenyedwe lomaliza, ndi kukokera panja moyo wovutika. Izo zinali kokha mu zaka mazana makumi awiri Anazi zotama nyota za Ankhondo akale ndi ntchito mtanda monga mphoto wamkulu. Kuti alipo lero.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Choncho mbani Knights Templar? History sanathe koma kupereka yankho lenileni la funso limeneli, ambiri aiwala kapena chete. Choncho, mawanga oyera wodzazidwa ndi mtundu uliwonse wa Kutengeka ndi kutanthauzira pachiyambi, monga akuti Dena Brauna ndi anzake. Koma kuti Order ya Temple Lidzakhala dzi kwa okonda kalekale.