Sudan udzu: kulima zipangizo zamakono, mlingo mbewu, mbewu ndi mbali kwachilengedwenso

Sudan udzu (kapena Sudanese manyuchi, Sudan udzu) - mkulu-ololera mbewu. Chimakula mu makhalidwe abwino mpaka mamita atatu, kupanga munthu wa muzu 120 kuti zimayambira ndi. Ndi njira yoyenera ulimi wa kulima amapereka umboni udzu pachaka mwa mbewu forage. Mu mawonekedwe a silage, udzu, mwatsopano kudula misa wobiriwira, izo ntchito kwa kudzinenepetsa ng'ombe.

Sudan udzu: mbali kwachilengedwenso

Manyuchi sudanense wa mtundu manyuchi. Amphamvu fibrous mizu akhoza kukula ndi 2.5 mamita mwakuya ndi kupingasa 75 cm. Glabrous cylindrical tsinde wodzazidwa woyera chofewa ngati siponji parenchyma. Osati mitundu yonse n'zambiri. Palinso yaying'ono chomera kutalika zosakwana mita ndi (mphukira mpaka 12) yaing'ono ndi sing'anga (12-25) tillering. zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba:

• Chilili.
• Recumbent.
• Kudya.
• Wodzaza.
• Slaboraskidistye.

The adalipo beveling slaboraskidistye tchire woongoka, kotero Sudanese manyuchi ndi makhalidwe amenewa ndi ambiri. Mu kotentha, ilo limakula kwambiri Sudanese udzu, ndi chithunzi chimene chili chodabwitsa. Mu Russian zambiri yaying'ono nakulitsa mitundu udzu Mironovskaya 8, 12, 100 Kinelsky, Aida, Hercules 3 Chernomorka, Volgogradskaia 77 Azimuth Brodskaya 2 Albucasis 151 Severyanka, Novosibirsk 84 Kamyshinskaya 51 Zonalskaya 6 ndi ena.

katundu chopatsa thanzi

Sudan udzu ngati udzu ndi masamba ndi wabwino chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Wobiriwira mapuloteni misa - 3%, mapuloteni - 4.4% dzuwa - 7,9-9,1%. Sudan udzu advantageously wothira nyemba, makamaka - nyemba. zosakaniza zoterezi zimachitika ladzala ndi calcium, mapuloteni, asafe-free extractive zinthu. Kuchuluka kwa misa wakuda wobiriwira, kukana kuti msipu ndi luso kukula mofulumira (pa nyengo - nthawi 4-5) kupanga Sudanese imodzi yabwino msipu udzu.

Khalidwe zakudya nsipu zimadalira ndikutchetcha nthawi. Ngati kukututa kwake mu gawo buttonhole mankhwala kupulumutsa kwambiri mapuloteni yaiwisi - 14-16%. Ngakhale zambiri zomanga thupi (14,2-18,9%) lili ngati kutchetcha Sudan udzu booting gawo. Silage bwino kukolola pamene tirigu udzathiridwa. Mwa njira, silage zopatsa thanzi ofanana ndi chimanga.

Sayansi ya kulima Sudan udzu

Pakuti kufesa mbewu pa precursors mulingo woyenera ndi masamba, dzinthu mbewu (makamaka yozizira). Kuvomerezedwa chisanadze processing namsongole. Siberia Institute Research Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mwa zikhalidwe za m'nkhalango steppe olemekezeka mbewu zokolola analandira pambuyo perennials nthunzi mapangidwe, chimanga.

Nkofunika kuchiza nthaka, kutenga nkhani mtundu ndi magawidwe. Zipatso za chithandizo zonse zoyambirira ikuchitika m'dzinja. Izi zidzathandiza kuti kuyamwitsa nthaka chinyezi achezera mvula yoyambilira ya nyundo ndi chisanu. Mu Western Siberia (steppe woyendera nthambi) mu yophukira kwambiri (25 cm) analima munda m'chaka kusunga chinyontho mayendedwe awiri ndi kukwera-dzino harrow. Mayikidwe, ndi minda anagubuduza Alangizi patsogolo ndi mutabzala amapereka mphukira wochezeka.

Kupatulapo kwa madambo kuti nthaka si udzafunidwa Sudan udzu. mbali Tizilombo kupereka kukolola ngakhale mayiko saline. The bwino tikawona nandolo anaona, pelyushka, vetch, nyemba, kabichi, mbatata. Ndi zothandiza kukula nyemba, pamodzi ndi manyuchi Sudanese.

Liwiro unachitikira yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ndikutchetcha, lalikulu misa wobiriwira mudzakula mu dongosolo lotsatira 2-3 odulidwa. Analimbikitsa kuyeretsa udzu mower conditioners. zimayambira adagulung'undisa mofulumira ndi bwino podvyalivayut Iyamba kuyanika achilengedwe.

yokonza mbewu

Mbewu za Sudan udzu kumva kukonzekera seedbed. Etching ndi alternated ndi matenthedwe mpweya Kutentha, kuchitira microfertilizers. Mbewu analandira zimachitika kwachilengedwenso pamodzi kumera microelements ladzala ndi mowa kochepa feteleza.

Njira imodzi kuti yambitsa njira amuzolengedwa ndi thupi - kupopera asanadzalemo njira yapadera munali boron (akhoza m'malo ndi nthaka) ndi manganese. Malita 2 madzi anali kusungunuka 15-18 ga permanganate potaziyamu ndi wabwinobwino 6-9 ga boron kapena nthaka salt. ndalamazo ndi okwanira kusamalira 1 quintal mbewu. Kuti wogawana kugawira mbewu bwino analimbikitsa mobwerezabwereza. Pamaso kufesa, iwo ayenera kukhala wouma.

A ano njira zambiri kukonzekera seedbed - vernalization. chidebe udzathiridwa malita 20 a madzi anatsanulira quintal mbewu. Dikirani mpaka mbewu kwathunthu kuyamwa madzi. Ndiye iwo atengemo ndipo anapanga m'miyulumiyulu ang'ono, kukhala mu chikhalidwe ichi masiku 8 mu mdima pa 20-30 C. Kuti zisawonongeke, misa zonse Ted, fosholo. M'pofunika kuyan'ana zamera. Ngati mbewu zimaswa mothamanga, kosayembekezeka, anapeza milu. Vernalization makamaka ogwira mbewu mbewu.

mlingo seeding

Only mu nthaka ofunda (+10 C) udzu Sudan yabzalidwa. Mlingo seeding imasiyana malingana ndi njira seeding. Ndi membala mosalekeza ndondomeko - mu osiyanasiyana 25-30 makilogalamu pa 1 ha. Pamene shirokorjadnyj njira mu louma zigawo theka mlingo - 10-15 makilogalamu. Pamene kuchuluka kwa Kusinthaku mbewu chinyezi kubala makina kuti akuya 3-5 cm kwa zouma, dothi kuwala mbewu ophatikizidwa chozama -.. 6-8 masentimita Ngati udzu Sudan chifesedwa mu osakaniza ena Zikhalidwe, mlingo wa seeding yafupika ndi 15-25%.

kukonzekera Seedbed

Seedbed kukonzekera yosasangalatsa. Ngati inu mwadya imodzi masitepe adzakhala yafupika druzhnost kumera, tillering, zokolola. ndondomeko ndi:

1. Shelling.
2. Nato kulima.
3. Kumayambiriro kasupe lalikulu.
4. Ziwiri nthawi Pre-kufesa kulima.
5. Pre-kufesa nthaka compacting.
6. Posleposevnoe kulongedza katundu wa nthaka.

Nthawi feteleza kuonjezera zokolola. mitengo analimbikitsa pa mahekitala 1: 20-30 makilogalamu a potashi, mankwala 30-45 makilogalamu, 30-45 makilogalamu asafe feteleza.

zothandiza zimatha

Kuwonjezera kututa wochuluka misa wobiriwira, Sudan udzu opindulitsa zotsatira pa nthaka, kupondereza namsongole. Chifukwa mizu yolimba fibrous chikhalidwe timapitiriza breathability ndi chinyezi mphamvu nthaka, loosens iwo, kupanga nyumba mosavuta, bere ndi chinyezi owonjezera. Tithe kumvetsa kumasulira nthaka ndi udzu ogwira breathable, tizilombo opindulitsa nthaka ndi mphutsi kufalitsa bwino ndi kufulumiza processing humus. The zomera okha sakhala odwala, zokolola ukuwonjezeka.

Sudan udzu luso kukula pa saline dothi monga amalola kasinthasintha zosafunika mbewu zina saline. M'madera kukokoloka m'kati, koma ndi zothandiza kubzala therere ndi mizu wamphamvu wandiweyani akugwira particles dothi weathering ndi leaching.

Koma pali mfundo zina zabwino. Monga chimanga, Sudan udzu umachokera ku nthaka microelements ambiri, impoverishing izo. Ndi kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto la kubzala olowa ndi annuals leguminous. Apamwamba kuvala feteleza komanso limabwezeretsa tating'onoting'ono bwino.