Kumalo ozizira wofufuza Peter Freih: yonena, moyo, atulukira ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Peter Lorenz Edfred Freih (02.02.1886-02.09.1957) - Chidanishi Arctic wofufuza, wolemba mabuku ambiri, KATSWIRI mtolankhani. yonena wake, moyo wake ndi kuyenda adzakhala wodzipereka kwa nkhani ino. Ambiri mu moyo wa Petro Freih kugwirizana ndi Soviet Union. Iye anapita Russia ndi nawo Maulendo kuti chitukuko Arctic. Iye anathandizana ndi Soviet ofufuza kumalo ozizira. Ndipo kodi timadziwa chiyani za moyo wake? Iwo amati iye ankakhala Greenland, ndipo ngakhale anakwatira Eskimo? Mu zithunzi Arctic wofufuza amaoneka ngati chimphona weniweni. Makamaka m'dera ndi mkazi wake tating'ono. Kodi izo - zolakwa Retro zithunzi kapena Freih kwenikweni akuvutika gigantism? Kodi mabuku iye walemba? Kodi iwo kuwerenga munthu wosadziwa mu terminology sayansi? Zonsezi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Wambiri, chiyambi cha ntchito wapaulendo

Peter Freyhen anabadwa mu mzinda wa Nykøbing, Denmark, February 2, 1886. Makolo ake anali Benzon Lorenz ndi Anna Petrina Frederikka (née Rasmussen). Boy kuyambira ali anakopeka ndi nyanja yokha. Mwina anakhudzidwa majini Viking. Koma mnyamatayo maphunziro University, "philology". Zimenezi zinamuthandiza kenako otchuka monga wolemba mtolankhani. Mu 1906, iye anasankha m'ziwalo ulendo ndipo, chotero, kuti 1908 ankaphunzira Greenland. Koma pamene iye anabwerera kwawo ndipo sanasiye kulota ya Far North. Mu 1910, iye ndi mzanga wapachifuwa wake, wina wofufuza kumalo ozizira Knud Rasmussen anayambitsa malonda pamalo analitcha kuti Thule. Iye anakhala pakati pa Eskimos kuchokera 1913 mpaka 1919. Kenako iye anadzakhala membala wa ulendo wina, amene anali mapu mwatsatanetsatane Greenland (1921-1924 gg.).

banja

Pa moyo wa Wofufuzayo kumalo ozizira amadziwika kuti iye anali wokwatira katatu. Nthawi yoyamba iye anali kwenikweni banja ndi Eskimo dzina lake Navarana Mekupaluk. Anaberekera mwamuna wake mwana Mekusaka Avataka Igimakssusuktoranguapaluka ndi mwana Pipaluk Jette Tukuminguak Kasaluk Palika Hager. banja zinatha zaka khumi (kuchokera 1911 mpaka 1921), pamene Navarana anafa "Spanish chimfine" - mliri lowopsya la fuluwenza, amene amakopeka yaikulu msonkho anthu ku Ulaya ndi North America. Kachiwiri Peter Freih tinakwatirana mu 1924 ku Magadala Vang Lauridsen. Koma banjali linaganiza ukwati mu 1944. Pomaliza, mu 1945, wofufuza kumalo ozizira zogwirizana tsoka lake ndi Dagmar Kohno (1907-1991). Adzukulu Freih, inuite (Eskimos) Peter, ife tikudziwa kuti iye anasankhidwa meya Nuantsinaka ku Canada kuyambira 1979 mpaka 1984.

Moyo Greenland. Siteshoni m'munsi Tula

Kamodzi anapita Greenland, Freih sitingakhale ndi moyo popanda izo padziko lonse lapansi chilumba. Iye anabwereranso mu 1910 ndipo sadzadwalanso zogwirizana tsoka lake ndi anthu a m'deralo, ndi Inuit. Pamodzi ndi wofufuza wina kumalo ozizira, Knud Rasmussen, Freih anayambitsa Tula. Dzinali, zomera walandira kuchokera Ultima analitcha kuti Thule - kumpoto kwenikweni positi katunduyo. Tula anali m'munsi kwa maulendo ambiri. Iye nthawi zonse ankakhala ku 1913 mpaka 1919, Peter ndi mkazi wake Freih, Navarana. ofufuza kumalo ozizira anapanga forays molimba kumtunda, kawiri anawoloka Greenland ndi galu sled. Total kuchokera 1912 mpaka 1933 zinachitikadi asanu Maulendo amenewa.

Kodi Petro Freih: kutalika ndi kulemera

Mu 1958, Denmark anatulutsa buku kukumbukira za wofufuza zodabwitsa kumalo ozizira. Mlembi wake ndi mwana wamkazi kwa Pipaluk wake woyamba m'banja, Uvdluriak Inuterssuak m'bale Navarany, Niels Bohr, Nobel, ndi ena. "Bukhu la Freyhene" lenileni la mawu ofunda za ofufuza wolimba kumalo ozizira, amene zogwirizana zotsatira zawo ndi zonse Inuit, ndipo ngakhale okwatira iwo. Mwa zina, kunayambitsa funso cha kukula kwa munthu wapadera. Ndipotu akale chithunzi, amene amasonyeza wofufuza kumalo ozizira Peter Freih ndi mkazi wake, zikuwoneka ngati chimphona weniweni. Koma amenewa zimatheka chifukwa miniaturization mkazi wake Dagmar (nee aakulu).

Ngakhale Freih, monga akunena zokhudza izo, amene ankamudziwa anali wamtali, mwamphamvu anamanga munthu. Ngakhale Thor Heyerdahl, iye si aafupi, anju chidwi ndi maonekedwe ake. Koma wankhondo ichi konse ntchito mphamvu zake zoyipa. Iye ankadziwika ngati munthu dobrogoi kwambiri wachifundo zonse zikubwera kuthandiza ofooka. Ambiri amanena kuti ndi kumbuyo ndi ufulu wa anthu. Ndipotu, iye ankamenyana ndi moyo wabwino kwa anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo za Far North. Kuyambira masamba a "Book of Freyhene" takumana ndi chithunzi cha katswiriyu, wolemba luso ndi zaumunthu.

Studies m'mayiko ena

Greenland kunali dziko la maloto ake. Koma chikhalidwe nkhanza za m'madera ena a Far North anamuitana osati ndi mphamvu zochepa. Iye anatenga mwayi, ndipo pamene Achimereka anaganiza zopelekedwa za okongola a Alaska, lotsogoledwa izi ulendo filimu. Peter Freih anapita Hudson. Kenako, anapita ku madera kwambiri kumpoto kwa Sweden (Lapland) ndi Norway. Mu 1935, Arctic wofufuza waganiza kusintha nthawi ya ayezi kumalo ozizira pa nyengo ya udzu ndi Mwaichi anapita ku South Africa. Anapitanso mu North ndi South America. Koma koposa zonse wasangalala anali wankhanza kumpoto chikhalidwe. Mu 1928 ndi 1937 iye anachita nawo maulendo awiri Soviet, amene anadzazidwa mu Siberia Arctic. Iye anali pa ubwenzi wolimba ndi Academician Shmidtom O. Yu. Kudziwa kanthu za maziko a boma Stalinist ndi Gulag, ndi Chidanishi kumalo ozizira Pamilunguyo malingaliro n'zosatheka pa Soviet Union.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Nthawi imeneyi zoopsa, pamene Europe anali chinapululutsa Nazism, Peter Freih, amene kutalika anali mapazi asanu mainchesi zisanu ndi ziwiri, sanathe kukhala kutali ndi chochitika. Iye anabwerera kunyumba kwa Denmark, ndipo anakhala membala yogwira kayendedwe kukana. Koma pa nthawi imene anataya mwendo (chifukwa frostbite mu 1926). Freih ananena poyera kuti iye - Myuda, kulikonse kumene anali, zinali zopindulitsa kungomva mtundu wa odana ndi Ayuda limakhulupirira. M'kupita anagwidwa ndi Anazi ndi chilango cha imfa. Koma wolimba wofufuza kumalo ozizira anathawa ku ukapolo. Poyamba iye anali kubisala mu Sweden ndipo kenako anasamukira ku United States. Tikachoka lachiwiri World nkhondo Freih akubwerera ku Greenland wake wokondedwa, kuti chinenero Inuit, miyambo ndi zimene ankadziwa. Wanderlust sanasiye mpaka imfa yake. Inde, ndipo anafa apaulendo wotchuka mu September 1957 ndi matenda a mtima pa ndege Elmendorf, Alaska, pamene iye anali pafupi popita ku Greenland. Anali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. mtembo wake anakwiriridwa mu dziko kum'konda - pafupi siteshoni analitcha kuti Thule ku Greenland. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake ndi mkazi wake Dagmar ankakhala ku New York kapena m'nyumba mwanu wachiwiri Noanke (CT).

Wambiri ndi mlembi wa bukhu

Freih Peter amadziwika osati kwa kafukufuku wake kumalo ozizira. Iye analemba mabuku. Ndipo si monga za ntchito ya sayansi, essays, m'mabuku ndi mabuku, komanso ntchito za zopeka - nkhani yochepa, masewero komanso mabuku. Mwatsoka, Russian mabuku atatu okha a ntchito zake. Izi buku "Greenland wanga unyamata" ndi "okwaniritsa kwambiri." nkhani ina ndi mfundo za autobiography - "St. John wa liziwawa Melville Bay." Kutembenuza masamba a buku lino, timaona chithunzithunzi cha chidwi, wochezeka munthu, woyamikiridwa lililonse makhalidwe ake abwino ndi thupi. Axamwali amadza kwa iye, ndipo iye amalemekeza anthu ena, kaya akhale a mtundu khungu lawo. Izi kumalo ozizira anayesa kuthandiza munthu amene ali m'mavuto. "Liziwawa St. John wa Bay Melville" - nyimbo ya Inuit anthu amene amakhala mu mavuto ndi oopsa pachilumbachi, pafupi kwathunthu unachitikira pansi ayezi chipolopolo. Buku walukidwa mu nkhani ndi amalinyero European ndi whalers. Pa ulendo wachiwiri wa Peter Freih akhoza kuwerenga mu bukhu "Siberia Wongosangalatsa" mu Soviet Union. masiku atatu atatsala pang'ono kuphedwa, zomwe zinachitika September 2, 1957, wolemba wamaliza ntchito pa zolembedwa za "Book of Zisanu Nsomba zopezeka m'nyanja zikuluzikulu".

zinthu zina

Kumalo ozizira wofufuza Peter Freih zaka zambiri anali membala wa magulu ambiri m'mayiko ambirimbiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Onse amene anayamikira anathandiza wosatsutsika kuphunzira kozizira. Mwa ndodo zazikulu ndi otchuka anganene Society Mayiko kwa iwo. Mark awiri, ndi membala aulemu amene anali Freih. Iye anayenda maulendo kuzungulira dziko ndi mkombero wa nkhani za chikhalidwe cha Inuit. Walakwitsa wakhala ayesedwa ndi ntchito yake monga wolemba mtolankhani. Iye anali membala lolingana wa Institute of Denmark Arctic. Zaka zingapo Peter Freih unachitikira malo okwezeka wapampando wa Union of olemba dziko lakwawo. Kuyenera ananena kuti kafukufuku wasonyeza yekha bwino udindo wa wosewera. Nthawi zambiri iye anali mu chimango cha mabuku mmene wankhanza wa North. Poyamba, iye limodzi lokha filimu ya ulendo ngati wochititsa odziwa. Koma kenako anayamba yekha ndemanga kuti kamera lokhazikika. Iye nyenyezi mafilimu angapo Hollywood.

maulemu

Wotchuka Arctic wofufuza Peter Freih walandira mphoto zambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake. Iye anapambana mendulo golide wa mzinda wa Society Geographical wa Philadelphia ndipo dzina lake Hans Egede. Iye analinso kupereka mphoto apamwamba a Benjamin Franklin.