Kukana chibvundi Russia. The Plan National Anti-Corruption

Corruption chili mwa chuma ambiri adziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo ambiri otukuka ndi bungwe dziko. Limati kumene nkhani zachuma akukumana emergent zochitika oterewa nthawi zambiri osati noticeable, iwo chimakhudza chiyembekezo cha chitukuko ndale. Mu Russia, katangale mitundu anazindikira mwa akatswiri ambiri ndi olimbikitsa chikhalidwe vuto kuthetsa kuti, potengera mmene nkhani nkhaniyi, mwina ndi boma. ndi zipangizo zothandiza wa boma la Russia kulimbana zodabwitsazi chiyani? Kodi magwero a chilamulo ndi maziko a ntchito za mabungwe imakhudzana ndi malowa ntchito ya BOMA?

Kufunika kwa kulimbana ndi ziphuphu

Anti-Corruption kuyenera kudziŵika, ndithudi, dziko lililonse padziko lapansi. Komabe, chofunika kwambiri polimbana zodabwitsazi ndi states ndi akutulukira machitidwe umoyo ndi zachuma amene mnjira chikhalidwe, kupeza njira yake ya chitukuko, zomwe, mu zonse Mwina limabweretsa Russia.

An ayankhe zothandiza akuononga dziko lathu - mmodzi wa prerequisites kwa zina wamakono wa ndale dongosolo, chikusintha chitsanzo chuma kotero kuti vuto zizolowezi sikudali kutero noticeable, monga anati mu zingapo lero. Zofunika muyezo - kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zoyenera pa mlingo wa akuluakulu apamwamba, ndiko mbali ya ulimi ndi kuphedwa waluso wa malamulo amene zonse miyeso odana ndi ziphuphu. Mtundu uwu wa magwero a lamulo Russia ndi. Timaphunzira zomwenso awo.

malamulo odana ndi ziphuphu

Mwa akasupe a chilamulo zonse ndondomeko odana ndi ziphuphu, ndi Dziwani:

• FZ "Pa Kukana Corruption";
• Plan ya National, yolembedwa ndi mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia;

Kuyamba kuphunzira makhalidwe awo ku chinthu chachiwiri, kuyambira kufalitsidwa unachitika chisankho choyamba. Kukana chibvundi Russia (malinga bukuli) - ndi kufunikira chifukwa chakuti mtundu uwu wa zochitika zoipa kuteteza Russian ndalama komanso anthu kukhala bwino. Timaphunzira kapangidwe ka ndondomeko ya National.

Dongosolo National

Chikalata ku funso tichipeza zigawo zingapo. Mu woyamba mu mzere zosowa miyeso malamulo umalimbana kulimbana ndi ziphuphu. Dziwani kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chilamulo Federal, zimene ife dzina lake pamwamba, analengeza mu ndondomeko ya National. Mu chigawo choyamba cha bukuli chinaperekedwa kwa cheni odana ndi ziphuphu, mtundu wa miyeso ayenera akuyendera mu chimango cha ntchito zogwirizana ndi yani. Komanso mu gawo ili la chikalata akhala wanenedwa ntchito yofunika ya boma. Tiyeni tione mbali imeneyi mwatsatanetsatane - iye ankaona ndi akatswiri ambiri kukhala mmodzi wa zikuluzikulu za sipekitiramu wonse wa njira odana ndi ziphuphu la apolisi.

Boma mfundo odana ndi ziphuphu

Odana ndi ziphuphu, kotero, pamlingo akuluakulu boma la Russia kuwathetsa nkhope mabungwe apamwamba a mphamvu. Plan ya National, limene ife tsopano amaonedwa kuti misonkhano zotsatirazi abstracts cilamulo kuwalitsa malo a ntchito pa nkhani imeneyi. Tikungotchula ndi akuluakulu:

• kutukula kapangidwe ka boma, akuyang'anira kukhathamiritsa kuti udindo uliwonse;
• kuti akhale miyeso odana ndi ziphuphu pa mlingo zachilengedwe zimene agwire ntchito udindo wawo ndi antchito a boma boma oyang'anira tauni;
• chiyanjo cha mtundu wapadera wa mfundo odana ndi ziphuphu, malingana ndi dera la ntchito ena;
• kupeza chilungamo mutsimikizira kusintha njira chigamulochi mkangano mwa bwalo.

Komanso akatswiri ena amakhulupirira malo ofunika kwambiri a boma malamulo odana ndi ziphuphu (mogwirizana ndi gawo zogwirizana ya National Plan) kusintha kwa malamulo ofunika kwambiri, monga, Mwachitsanzo, Code Wachifwamba, motsindika kumanga ziletso zokhudzana ndi zolakwa chivundi.

Pofunafuna ungwiro wa dongosolo

Amafotokozera yotsatira ya kapangidwe ka ndondomeko ya National - ichi ndi gawo lachiwiri. Atanena akamanena za zimene ziyenera kuperekedwa amayesetsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu kuwalitsa limagwirira kwambiri kusintha nyumba ulamuliro. Kodi mtundu wa ntchito zadziŵika pa mbali imeneyi ya ndondomeko ya National? Makamaka ndi kuganizira m'madera a ntchito ya boma oyang'anira tauni chuma, kuti alimbikitse mpikisano mu chuma, kutukula njira kwa zogula anthu ndi boma zosiyanasiyana chitukuko cha yapakati-chitsanzo kuwulula zochitika chivundi.

Loya wina, angathe kuikidwa

Gulu lotsatira kwa njira, zomwe zikuphatikizapo National Anti-Corruption Plan, anauyamba Chigawo chachitatu cha kalatayi ndi amagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka mu maphunziro akatswiri m'munda wa chilamulo, komanso akugwira ntchitoyi kupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe malamulo a m'dziko la Russia. Choncho, pali mbali ziwiri za ntchito anali kumatanthauza. Choyamba (ndi nkhani zachitukuko luso) izo ankaganiza kuti adzakhala nakweza choyamba boma ulamuliro pa ntchito mabungwe amene amapanga maloya. M'dera chachiwiri cha ntchito zinakonzedwa kuti anthu la Russia adzatha pamwamba mpaka kudziwa za nkhani malamulo kudzera chuma apadera TV.

lamulo feduro

Mu 2008, Chilamulo Federal pa kulimbana ndi ziphuphu (mu chimango cha kukhazikitsa ntchito imodzi mwa ntchito zimene zili Plan ya National). Ambiri mfundozo kuti ife zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, analandira udindo oyenera owona za malamulo pa mlingo boma. Chotero ife sitikhala wofufuza kwambiri mu chiphunzitso, ndi kukachita zina zabwino ndi zothandiza zokhudza yazamalamulo, kuganizira zotsatira za chilamulo Federal pansi kulingalira.

The ambiguity kutanthauzira

Kodi nkhani yolembedwa malinga ndi zimene Chilamulo Federal, anatchula, lili makonzedwe mawu awa, kuti ntchito zawo zothandiza zingapo za milandu kungakhale kusankha (ndi zina anamasulira kamba zogwirizana ndi osokoneza). Kuti ndi malamulo zolinga odana ndi ziphuphu, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ena m'njira zambiri kukwaniritsa zina zotsatira kumveka, anawona milandu ncthito ndi kuonetsa mayesero, koma mavuto zokhudza zonse ndi mediocre kwambiri.

Pali china mavuto. Nthawi zina, nawo apolisi mchitidwe nkhani akuluakulu Act Federal, ntchito madalitso ake, ku mfundo mwamwambo chabe view, ndi zoona, koma kwenikweni si bwino ndithu.

Mwachitsanzo, choncho pamene zikuluzikulu Russian ndege ganyu akuluakulu akale boma, aiwala kuti awadziwitse anagwirako ntchito kale anali chindapusa chifukwa, potero kuswa chakudya cha lamulo. Odana ndi ziphuphu, monga akatswiri ena siziyenera kuchotserapo ku mbali ya akukonzekera kuyan'anila ndi kuwayankha. Komabe, kutsimikizira mwa khalidwe la ntchito zogwirizana wa ulamuliro woyenera ayenera kukonza kwambiri mwaluso. Amene Mwachitsanzo, ngati alipo mabungwe onse ogwira ntchito ndi gulu kutumizira kudziwa molondola wasenza Mapangano ntchito kwenikweni, kuyan'anila kwambiri Kunena zoona palibe munthu kuchita.

Ziwerengero ayenera kukhala zolondola

Mbali ina ya - ziwerengero. Ngati anapangidwa pamaziko a precedents, monga amene analemba nkhani ya ndege - kumene, ziwerengero lolingana mwa njira iliyonse sangakhoze kutanthauziridwa monga kunyezimiritsa bwino boma khalidwe la malamulo odana ndi ziphuphu. M'pofunika kuti deta zowerengera kunyezimiritsa zotsatira za ntchito zogwirizana anali nthumwi. Ndipo izo zimatengera, akatswiri amanena, osati kuchokera mawu a m'chilamulo, ndi pa mphamvu ya Akuluakulu abomawa molondola anapereka kumvera pa kulankhula ntchito. Ngakhale, pali mfundo ina ya view pankhaniyi. Bukuli lili kutsogoza kuwerenga limagwirira, osati kumasulira malamulo. Kutanthauza chilango kuti ziletso pa ndege, zomveka kwathunthu (potengera malamulo mwachindunji kutchulidwa magwero a chilamulo). mafunso onse, kotero, ayenera kukhala wopanga malamulo a.

zitsimikizo malonda

Choona chidwi n'chakuti anauyamba boma dongosolo malamulo mlingo kanthu kwa Kulimbana chivundi amafuna kuchita nawo kusintha yeniyeni ya chilengedwe ndi zachuma ku mbali ya kulimbana zodabwitsazi zoipa si boma, komanso mabungwe ena kuti sakuchita zokhudzana ndi dongosolo mphamvu. Choyamba, ndi malonda. Companies, mogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha makonzedwe magwero a malamulo, zifunika kukhala ndi kukhazikitsa njira zodzitetezera zokhudzana ndi odana ndi ziphuphu. Kodi Mwachitsanzo? Monga njira - kampani angayambe zinthu mkati mwa odana ndi ziphuphu, kukhazikitsa machitidwe otere umene umawalitsira alonda kuyankhulana ndi akuluakulu onse.

Komabe, monga taonera maloya angapo, udindo kulephera makonzedwe funso, si zodziwika bwino mu magwero a lamulo. Izi, poyamba, chitsanzo china cha kupanda, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, elaboration malamulo. Inde, ngati kampani Mwachitsanzo, kodi si bungwe dongosolo dipatimenti odana ndi ziphuphu kapena Mwachitsanzo, anakana kukhala machitidwe otere - palibe bungwe, potengera malamulo a chilamulo, alibe ufulu zinzawozo kampani kuti kuchita zinthu zogwirizana. Koma, mwanjira ina, kudzapereka kampani yawo alitcha. Angachite Mwachitsanzo, ntchito malangizo olemera pa odana ndi ziphuphu kuti ndi mndandanda wa mfundo, zomwe n'zomveka kuti asasiye malonda, wofuna kulimbana chodabwitsa sizabwino funso. Koma, monga ife tinanena pamwamba, Company ali ndi ufulu kukhala ndi malamulo awo omwe m'dera la cholinga ziwalo - kulenga, mwachitsanzo, malo kapena kuti pa kulimbana ndi ziphuphu.

Mungapeleke chiani?

Ife tsopano kufufuza angagwiritsire ntchito kamba zenizeni za m'Chilamulo Federal "Pa Kukana Corruption". malamulo chidwi ali Article 17 Chilamulo. Ilo likunena kuti boma alibe ufulu kulandira Malipilo pa ntchito ntchito zake, m'kukoma mawonekedwe a ndalama, mphatso kapena zokonda zina. Ngati nzika kapena bizinesi akadali boma wantchito anapereka mtengo - izo afunika kusamutsa izo ndi opereka ndi ziwalo Act, chuma feduro. Koma pali zosiyana: ngati mtengo wa mphatso - rubles zosakwana 3 zikwi ..

Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani ngati inu kutenga mtengo wa nduna za mtengo umene Ndithu (ndi Mwina mkulu) kuposa Uwerenge? Pankhaniyi, izo zikhoza yodziwika monga kupeza boma ziphuphu (ndi kutengerapo ake, motero, ndi munthu kapena gulu). Zotsatira - zambiri ndi ophwanya adzakhala chikalata chimamangidwa yabwino.

Anti-Corruption mfundo: zinachitikira yachilendo

Kodi ndi malamulo odana ndi ziphuphu m'mayiko ena? Akatswiri ena amalangiza kulabadira Hong Kong. Ntchito mu dziko lino, Commission pa Anti-Corruption, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, ndi wa mabungwe yabwino kwambiri a dzikoli mbiri zawo. bungwe The zachitika angapo mauthenga ndi malangizo zokhudza khalidwe la miyeso mogwira malangizo a polimbana zochitika chivundi. Iwo applicable, akatswiri amakhulupirira, osati m'dziko limodzi mu dziko ndi pafupifupi boma aliyense masiku ano. Kodi chikuperekedwa ndi akatswiri pa odana ndi ziphuphu ku Hong Kong? Zotsatirazi:

• akuluakulu mfundo odana ndi ziphuphu ayenera kukhala osadalira pa nthambi Yolamula, kupatulapo nduna apamwamba a boma; mu nkhani ya Russia, ndi pulezidenti - Iye yekha m'madipatimenti zogwirizana ayenera mlandu;
• motsogozedwa mfundo ogwira ntchito yothandiza anthu ayenera kulemekeza mfundo za kusankha ofuna ambiri abwino, ndi kusunga ndalama yabwino;
• akuluakulu nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu ayenera mphamvu kwambiri cholinga cha Kuwulura zolakwa angakwanitsire;
• dziko liyenera kuyendera dongosolo la kuyang'aniridwa okhwima anthu pa ntchito za bungwe la udindo m'dera zogwirizana ntchito;
• ntchito za matupi odana ndi ziphuphu ayenera kukhala mwachinsinsi ndi mphamvu za bajeti dziko.

Monga momwe dziko dongosolo odana ndi ziphuphu Russia ndi ofanana ndi malangizo zogwirizana wa Hong Kong? Lomveka chochitika kunyezimiritsa maganizo ofala m'dera Mkuluyo, chimakuvutani. Koma ngati inu tione kamba ina ya m'Chilamulo, komanso ndondomeko ya National, mtundu wa i kufanana anauyamba magwero Russian ya malamulo ndi chinenero chimene ife pamwambawo, komabe n'zotheka kukonza. Mwachitsanzo, mfundozo pa chimango, ndipo kwambiri Baibulo zoweta ndi Hong Kong.

chinthu pagulu

Kumene amadalira bwino yeniyeni ya boma mfundo odana ndi ziphuphu? Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti makamaka anatsimikiza ndi luso la boma kuti amange kukambirana ndi anthu onse kapena mapangidwe ake payekha. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti zikamera malamulo atsopano umalimbana kulimbana ndi ziphuphu, limodzi ndi bureaucracy kwambiri m'madipatimenti boma, ndipo nthawizina - kumadera mtundu uwu chodabwitsa, osati zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, mu maphunziro. Kuthana ndi chivundi mu sukulu kapena sukulu ya mkaka, zodabwitsazi, monga akatswiri amakhulupirira, si nthawi zonse zoyenera kuvala ndime ndi malamulo a zodzitetezera maulamuliro, monga omwe akugwirizana ndi ntchito bajeti ndi boma.

Kodi tiyenera kukhala thupi apadera?

Ngakhale kuti mu Russia nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu - ndondomeko motsatira malamulo boma m'dziko athu alibe thupi osiyana (monga Hong Kong sewero), zimene zingakhale basi udindo kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zomveka anthu. Pali Kuthetsa Anti-Corruption pansi Pulezidenti Akuluakulu a ku Russia, koma udindo wa ulamuliro umodzi, zilibe kanthu. Akatswiri malo ndi kuti mfundo yoti bungwe ndi adzakhala zothandiza kulenga.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri kunena kuti wopanga malamulo ayenera kusamala kwambiri moyenera kufika kwa funso conferring mphamvu mphamvu. Kuti Mwachitsanzo, chopatsa zimaonetsa "wapolisi" khalidwe (kumangidwa, etc.) mphamvu zoyambitsa wina mlingo kusiyana pakati pa ntchito za bungwe ndi nyumba alipo mphamvu Akatswiri amanena.

Nkofunika, akatswiri kunena, akadali kuganizira kanthu proactive osati zotakasika. Mozama intersect zochitika monga chuma ndi odana ndi ziphuphu. Tikuyankhula zokhudza chakuti, mu kuchita, ikuchitika osati kuonetsetsa zoletsedwa ndi malamulo a lamulo, komanso kulemekeza zofuna za nyumba malonda, omwe amagwira nawo ntchito kwambiri pomanga nkhani zachuma a boma. Kumbukirani zimene zinachitikira ndege - mwakuwoneka ulamuliro kukalembera antchito zikudalira pa mkati dongosolo limene amapeza. Komabe, lamulo amapereka ulamuliro kuti amalola boma kuti maziko a malamulo, ngakhale mu nthawi yochepa (kudzera ndalama), koma kuvutitsa patokha kampaniyo.

Mu ntchito limodzi odana ndi ziphuphu thupi, kumene kungakhale kulenga Russian wopanga malamulo ofunika mbali khalidwe pamalo. Pamwamba tinaona kuti pamene njira insufficiently moyenera kwa buku la mfundo zolimbana ndi muyezo bwinobwino ku mbali ya yazamalamulo kungakhale kovuta pamene Mwachitsanzo, nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu ku sukulu kapena ngakhale sukulu ya mkaka (mu nkhani za makonzedwe a chilamulo) ikuchitika malinga ndi njira zofanana ndi zimene amene akuyendera mu chimango cha ntchito m'munda wa zimachitika pakati pa boma ndi malonda. Mwina, akatswiri kunena, tifunika elaboration tsatanetsatane wa mfundo zolimbana, osachepera chifukwa chakuti aphunzitsi, monga ulamuliro, izi si a boma ndi akuluakulu. Kukana chibvundi sukulu, sukulu - m'dera amakhulupirira kuti maloya, napempha buku la magwero mwapadera za lamulo. Komanso ndi imodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu Russian.