Semites - ndani zimenezi? Magwero a Semites

Dzina "Semites" - mawu ochokera m'Baibulo. Buku la Genesis limatiuza za m'badwo wa Nowa ndi ana ake. Mmodzi wa iwo anali SIM. Iye anabereka Elamu, Ashuri ndipo Ebere, kumene, motero, zinachitika Asiriya, Ahebri ndi Asuri.

Semites dziko

Mawu akuti "Semites" anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, asayansi European dzina lake polemekeza Sima fuko, zimene zinaphatikizapo anthu zakale ndi zamakono za Middle East. chakuti iwo zokhudzana ndi mzake, anatsimikizira ndi kufanana kwa zilankhulo zawo. Hereinafter, mawu kukodzedwa ndi kusinthidwa. zofukulidwa m'mabwinja ndi Boom mu Middle East zasonyeza kuti kale panali anthu ena amene ali gulu.

Ancient Semites kumene kuli m'malire a Arabia, Syria, Palestine ndi Mesopotamia. Pa anawazunza ndi makampani asilikali iwo anachoka kwawo. Ena Semites ngakhale anakwanitsa kupeza kufalikira Africa North. Long pamaso pa Kubwera kwa Chikhristu, iwo asamuka masiku ano Ethiopia. Atsamunda nakokera chuma zachilengedwe m'derali. Choncho Nyanja Yofiira anali ochita malonda midzi, anthu amene kenako adalenga State wa Aksum.

Colonizers ndi atsamunda

Kuwonjezera anthu tanenera kale, Semites - alinso Foinike, amene ziwanda ulemerero wa colonizers kwambiri ndi ofufuza nthawi yake. Paziyangoyango za ochitira malonda ndi midzi kuphimba Mediterranean lonse. M'midzi Foinike anaonekera Spain, Africa ndi Sicily. Ngakhale anthu kenako ili anapulumuka kuchepa mphamvu ndi kutha, zinthu za chikhalidwe chake anasunga m'madera ambiri a Mediterranean.

Semites History zimasonyeza chitsanzo cha Chimatisi - okhala zamakolo za kakang'ono cha Melita. Mwachionekere, iwo ali mbadwa za ku Foinike. The Chimatisi akhala moyo pansi pa ulamuliro wa mitundu ina. chilumba chawo m'manja mwa Aroma, Byzantines ndipo ngakhale Normandy. Malta linakhala cholowa cha Katolika Order cha Melita, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma XIX anali mzinda wa Great Britain. Independent boma pa chiwembu kakang'ono ka dziko pakati pa Nyanja Mediterranean anaonekera yekha mu 1964. Ndipo komabe, ngakhale moyo wautali muulamuliro yachilendo, ndi Chimatisi anatha kusunga osiyana yake chikhalidwe ndi chinenero.

Chinthu chinanso kufala kwa zinenero Ayuda ndi miyambo anali Ayuda kusamuka. Ayuda anayamba kukhazikika m'mayiko ena ngakhale pamaso pa chiwonongeko cha Yerusalemu ndi Aroma, ndipo zitachitika watenga resettlement konsekonse.

Society wongosamukasamuka

Khalidwe ndi kaonedwe Semites anapanga malinga ndi mikhalidwe zachilengedwe zimene iwo anakhala ndi moyo. Kuchoka pa chiyambi cha chitukuko, abusa akhala wongosamukasamuka. Zochitika m'chipululu zaka zambiri sizinasinthe, ena magulu akutali lero kupitiriza kukhala njira iyi chachikale chinkawavuta wa moyo. Semites - wongosamukasamuka, amene anatha atengere kukhalako kwa Arabiya chifukwa kuweta ngamila. Pa m'mbali mwa chipululu anthu awa atakalishyako nkhosa ndi abulu.

Unit zofunika pabanja anali anthu awo. Madalitso anawoloka mzere wamwamuna, mphamvu yapamwamba za bambo ake. Mabanja ogwirizana mabungwe gulu - mafuko. Awa akhoza monga mazana a anthu. Lililonse Semite wakale, membala wa fuko, wakhala kugwirizana ndi zibwenzi zawo magazi ndi zinthu zofanana. mphamvu ya umodzi anali kwambiri pakati pa anthu akale a chipululu. Mu chochitika cha kuukira membala aliyense wa fuko, comrades wake cilango kwenikweni olakwa. Zikuoneka mwa Semites zambiri, "dzino kwa dzino" ndi "diso kwa diso." Mfundo kubwezera magazi mbali ya zizindikiro kwambiri malamulo a mitundu Middle East.

Aamori

Aamori - mmodzi wa anthu amakezana Ayuda, amene anaonekera mu III Zakachikwi BC. e. mafuko awa sanakhalepo mgwirizano kwambiri. M'malo mwake, mwa nthawi zonse anali kulimbana ndi nkhondo zapachiŵeniŵeni, imene mapeto sankandilola kudziteteza anansi aukali.

Mudzi waukulu la Aamori imatengedwa Ugarit. Mabwinja anali anapeza zinthu zakale French mu 1929. Lero, ndi Syria gawo. Apa n'kutukuka kuswana ng'ombe ndi ulimi. Aamori wamkulu tirigu, umatulutsa mafuta ndi vinyo. nkhuni awo chikuzika ku Iguputo ndi ku Mesopotamiya. Ugarit anakhala mmodzi wa doko woyamba wa mayiko. Iye anali kufika mphambano ya njira zamalonda ku Anatolia, Nyanja Aegean, Babulo, Middle East ndi Egypt. Aamori tawuni sanali kumusamalira mu BC XVI atumwi. e. chifukwa cha nkhondo ochuluka a Ahiti ndi Kassites.

Asiriya

anthu ena zamakolo ya Siriya inali Aramaeans. Kungotchula oyamba a III Zakachikwi BC. e. AAramu anakwanitsa ozama wa Firate pakati ndi chodzaza pafupifupi buku lonse Middle East. Ndi chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino, chinenero chawo anakhala chilankhulo chachikulu amalankhula Palestine, Arabia ndi Mesopotamia.

Chiaramu unali likulu waukulu wa Damasiko. Kuzungulira mzinda anapanga ufumu umene unalipo mu X-VIII zaka. BC. e. boma Damasiko unagonjetsedwa ndi Asuri. Various Middle East maufumu anali pa nkhondo ndi mzake ngakhale kuti onsewo anthu Semites. Kunali kovuta kwa nthaka yachonde ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa masiku amakedzana.

Ayuda

Ngati Arabia yakhala dziko chipululu, ku Mesopotamia, Foinike ndi wotsika Egypt, ozungulira chilumba zochepa kalelo anakhala waukulu dengu la mkate ulimi wa anthu. Zinali pano mu Fertile Crescent anakakhala Semites oyambirira. Photos malo awa akusonyeza bwinja la zipilala anachoka ndi chitukuko wakale.

Mmodzi wa anthu amenewa anali Ayuda. Iwo anaonekera mu II Zakachikwi BC. e. Palestine chifukwa njira zovuta ethnological. Semites-pastoralists tikukhala mu kumadzulo kwa Fertile Crescent, zosanganizikirana ndi alimi oases ulimi mwa Aamori. Choncho anabadwa chitukuko atsopano.

Chiyambi cha Ayuda zogwirizana kwambiri ndi nthano m'Baibulo akhazikitsidwa mu Old Testament. Mbali yapadera anthu awa watupatu chikhulupiriro chake - chipembedzo wamkulu Abrahamu Chiyuda. Ena mwa mbali zake pambuyo pa zaka zambiri mukopedwe mapangidwe kristu ndi m'Chisilamunso.

Ayuda analamulira Palestine mpaka akupeza Ayuda Rome I m'ma BC. e. Kenaka nthawi yaitali ukapolo. Ayuda anakhazikika onse a Ufumu wa Roma, ndipo pambuyo, ndipo anatuluka wreckage wa limati iye wakunja. Kwa nthawi yaitali, iwo ankachita kuzunzidwa ndi tsankho onse ndi Akristu ndi Asilamu. Only pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Ayuda anatha recreate dziko lawo boma Palestine - Israel.

Asuri

Asuri anthu inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka II Zakachikwi BC. e. kumpoto kwa Mesopotamia. Maziko a magulu atsopano a chikhalidwe akhala Aamori, ndi harritov subareev. Chinthu chapadera cha anthu chinali atazindikira kuti kumvetsa zomwe kumenya mibadwo ingapo wa ofukula masiku ano. State wa Asuri ankaona ufumu yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu. Mtima wa madera ake anali pafupifupi kwa Tigirisi ndi Wamkulu ndi Wamng'ono Zab chigwa. Apa panali mizinda yofunika kwambiri yamakedzana: Asuri ndi Nineve.

Pachimake Asuri ankalamulira zonse Mesopotamia, loyandikana Palestine masiku ano Turkey, Syria, Egypt, ndipo ngakhale Cyprus. Monga loyenera ufumu pa thambo la boma yaikulu anakhala anthu ambiri kuponderezedwa. N'chifukwa chake chikhalidwe Asuri inasanduka kaleidoscope wapangidwa miyambo loyandikana mafuko. Ufumu unafika mphamvu yake pachimake m'zaka VIII BC. e. Mu 609 BC. e. Ufumu wa Asuri anawonongedwa ndi Ababulo.

Akasidi

M'mbiri Asuri, zokhudza 878 BC. E., a mbiri yakale anapeza kutchula koyamba za anthu wina Ayuda - Chaldean. Iwo ankakhala pa gombe la Perisiya. malo awo anali nyanja ndi m'madambo a malire m'munsi wa Firate ndi Tigirisi. anthu Akasidi chiwerengero zosiyanasiyana zolowa - sikisi kokhaku kwa fuko lake. Iwo anayankhula pa ubiquitous Chiaramu.

The VII-VI CC. BC. e. Chaldean mzera wa Babulo malamulo (kuti iye anayambitsa Neo-Babulo). Semites awa anali achikunja. Mukamva za m'Baibulo. Kuchokera kumeneko zimafalikira tanthauzo lachiwiri la mawu akuti "Chaldean" - choncho anayamba kuitana amatsenga, amfiti, amatsenga, okhulupirira nyenyezi ndi diviners. Kuda anthu amenewa amapezeka mu malo mosayembekezeka. Baibulo lina zamulungu limanena kuti amuna anzeru omwe anapita uta wangobadwa Yesu anali Akasidi. Akhristu ena chi mu Middle East tipitirize kuona okha kuti anthu Ayuda.

Aluya

Padziko BC X atumwi. e. m'chipululu cha Arabia ndi ku Mesopotamiya latsopano umagawanika Ayuda mtundu. Iwo anali Aluya. Semites wa gulu analenga Sheba, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa dera la Yemen ano.

Kumpoto kwa dziko Aluya anamanga Palmyra, alamu, Lahm ndi Ghassan. Iwo anali olemera malonda mzinda Mabwinja mwa otchuka zizindikiro za masiku amakedzana. Pakati Aluya kumpoto ndi kum'mwera anali mchenga wa mchipululu Arabia. Apaulendo anathandiza kulankhulana kudzera njira wamalonda kudzera Hijaz.

Kubwera kwa Islam

M'zaka za m'ma V chitukuko Arab wakhala kusokonezeka. Zinaoneka kuti anthu amenewa kwamuyaya kutha pansi kuthamanga anansi ake aukali - Persia ndi Byzantium. Komabe, mu chiyambi cha VII atumwi ku Arabia anayamba ndi anthu ambiri pa chipembedzo chatsopano cha Islam. mlaliki wake anali wamalonda ku Mecca dzina lake Mohammed. Iye analenga Caliphate Chisilamu, amene pachimake ankalamulira lonse la Middle East, Africa North ndi Spain. Malinga ndi mlingo wa kuwonjezeka zinali zazikulu kwambiri bwino ndale kuti Semites.

Ayuda, ngakhale mizu wamba mitundu ndi Aluya, akhala adani awo. Mkangano pakati pa mitundu iwiri ndipo ali mu chipembedzo chosiyana. Masiku ano, nkhondo pakati pa Ayuda ndi Aluya ndi imodzi mwa zinthu woopsawo ku Middle East.

zinenero Ayuda

mbali zinenero chinenero - ndi mbali ina yapadera kuti chimasiyanitsa Semites. Anthu a m'gulu limeneli, ngakhale pambuyo zaka mazana ambiri, ndi lero ndi zambiri zofanana pa kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, malembedwe, phonology ndi mawu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Aarabu Zapakati litalanda Spain, Ayuda m'deralo kwa nthawi yaitali sankadziwa kwawo mbiri yakale, anapeza kuti chinenero chawo ndi ikufanana chinenero mlendo.

Ayuda phonology amakhala ndi ambiri zilembo - pakhosi, guttural, amphamvu ndi uvular. Mu zilankhulo za ku Ulaya, palibe wofanana kapena ngakhale pafupi zofanana. apachiyambi Special amasiyana kum'mwera Ayuda zinenero - Arabic ndi Ethiopic. Iwo anatengera njira yapadera kupanga plurals. Magwero a Semites ndi kugawikana zawo zambiri anthu angapo zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa yofanana pamaso pa onse chinenero Proto ndi Ayuda.