Ntchito zachuma Athens ndi Sparta

Mwa dongosolo chuma mzinda wakale Greek monga ntchito mu msika chofunika, ntchito ndi ntchito phindu ndi zosoŵa za anthu a inshuwalansi. ntchito zachuma Athens monga Sparta wakhala makamaka lolunjika pa ulimi. Patapita kanthawi, kumaphatikizapo kugulitsa katundu, anathandizidwa ndi mwayi maulendo nyanja.

ntchito zachuma Athens ndi osiyana kwambiri Sparta, chifukwa cha mabungwe osiyana ndi njira ya moyo. Ngakhale malamulo onse ali ofanana - pa ntchito za akapolo kukwaniritsa zofuna zonse za anthu akulamulira. Wagwidwa arrears ndi imfa ya dziko, alimi akhoza kugwera mavuto ndi kupereka zokolola kuchoka m'dziko lawo ngati malipiro a ngongoleyo.

Zikhalidwe za chitukuko cha ntchito zachuma ku Greece

Mu Hellas wakale anali kupita pa liwiro zonse ndi patsogolo zamakono - kuti chimatanthauza chiyambi cha nyengo chachikale chinkawavuta. Inafalitsidwa ayironi amene anakhudzidwa kupanga - kuchokera luso, zinatitengera khalidwe siriyo. Maonekedwe a ndalama zina inapita patsogolo chitukuko cha zokambirana ndipo anali kutsogolera kwa ntchito zambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, kukhala minda ang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe, ngongole kapolo ochuluka amakonda. Lakuthwa kuchuluka kwa anthu anakhudzanso zinthu mwa nzika - wowawa yolimbirana malire.

Wasweka ziwembu wamba ndi maganizo awo m'manja mwa mabanja mafuko mfulu. Zonsezi zikutanthauza kukula kwa vuto agrarian. M'dziko kusokonezedwa kukhazikika pa nthawi kuoneka olamulira ankhanza. Zopangapanga patsogolo apanga ntchito luso palokha kwambiri malonda ndiponso chikhalidwe. Chili ndi malonda. Mmadera pali wosanjikiza anthu amene akulamulira luso - kudziwa kuti zogwirizana ntchito zachuma yekha ntchitoyi. Kuchita mabuku yaikulu ya ntchito ndi ntchito akapolo. Ngongole ukapolo ayamba matalikidwe ake, wamba ambiri tasanduka bwinja ndipo asalandidwe malo.

ntchito zachuma Athens ndi Sparta, ndi Rome anali ndi makhalidwe komanso n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi kum'mawa. kulemera kwa chuma ndi chitukuko anali ntchito za akapolo, akapolo anakhala alimi onse chuma ndondomeko izi. Iwo ali ndi gulu la nkhondo kapena akapolo, m'misika wapadera. Nthawi zambiri mwa akapolo kumeneko zinalembedwa ndi oimira anthu wakunja amene anagulitsa apamwamba kulamulira. State The zoletsedwa kuti anthu nzika zawo.

Agriculture in Ancient Greece

Agriculture ndicho ntchito, anthu unakula tirigu ndi barele, koma voliyumu ya zokolola zochepa. Chifukwa cha mtunda akakhala pamiyala zinali zovuta kulima ndi kukulitsa. m'dera Local yabwino kwambiri chifukwa kulima maolivi ndi mitengo ya zipatso, mphesa. Munda m'malo ulimi tirigu. Chifukwa zokolola mkulu wa azitona ndi mphesa, anthu wamba si kukumana ndi zosowa zawo, komanso chinkhoswe mu kugulitsa katundu. Komabe, chofunika mafunde a ntchito, amene anakhala akapolo.

Ahelene ayipanga nkhosa, ogwira ntchito ndi nyama zokoka. Ng'ombe kuswana analipo, koma pang'ono pokha. Nyama ndi mkaka Agiriki akale kuwaona mphwayi ndi sanagwiritse ntchito iwo monga chakudya chachikulu. Kuswana akavalo ntchito chuma Athens ku Greece wakale komanso sanalabadire kwambiri chidwi. Agriculture anali osiyanasiyana, alipo mankhwala mizere.

Ufiti mu Ancient Greece

Munthambi zofunika kwambiri kupanga Chotsimikizika tingaone yomanga ndi shipbuilding, chidwi linaperekedwa kwa ziwiya zadothi ndi kuluka, migodi blacksmithing luso. Panali zambiri za zokambirana kakang'ono, ndipo amatchedwa ergasteria. Zotsatira za ntchito, monga kufunika likuwonjezekabe kwa yaiwisi m'munsi zakuthupi, amene sanali okwanira mu madera m'deralo, mopanikizana kunyumba msika wa vinyo ndi mafuta, kukula kwa dera kupanga Chotsimikizika kusakondanso Ahelene kwa malonda yogwira yachilendo.

Trade in Ancient Greece

Agiriki Timatheriyali ndi malonda anali zogwirizana. Msika ambuye anagulitsa zinthu zawo, kugula zipangizo ndi zida ntchito, ife amagulitsidwa akapolo ndi mankhwala zakudya. Mu nyumba zikuluzikulu zinali kupezeka zamanja utomoni, nkhuni, zikopa, uchi, minyanga chitsulo.

Aatene ndi wovutika mtundu wa ntchito zachuma

ntchito zachuma Athens ndi Sparta kusiyana. Mu mtundu woyamba wa anamvetsa boma ndi malonda ndi luso ntchito otukuka, Gona chofunika ndalama. Mu mzinda anayamba izi kupanga inamangidwa pa ntchito ya akapolo, chipangizo ndi demokalase. Misa ntchito za akapolo - chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene bwinobwino anayamba ntchito zachuma. Athens, Megara, Rhodes, Korinto - zitsanzo za malamulo amenewa. States ndi mtundu uwu wa malonda nthawi ili pafupi ndi nyanja, m'dera anali ochepa, koma anthu ambiri ali ambiri ndithu. Ndondomeko anali malo Greece wakale, linali muulamuliro ntchito yawo yonse zachuma - Athens ankatengedwa zofunika kwambiri.

Ndi wovutika mtundu zikuphatikizapo limati agrarian komwe ulimi chimaposa - malonda, Gona chofunika ndalama ndi ntchito zamanja ndi bwino anakamba. Pali ambiri ogwira yozungulira, oligarchic chipangizo. limati zikuphatikizapo Sparta, Boeotia, Thessaly ndi Arcadia.

ntchito chuma Sparta ku Greece

Atalandidwa bwino asezare gawo Doric kufunika mukudziwa mlendo kulamulira anthu kuti lomvera kwambiri. Ameneyu maonekedwe oyambirira a boma. Mu Sparta nthawi anapambana ulimi. mfundo wovutika anali umalimbana kulanda madera a anansi ake kukuza m'madera awo. Nthawi iliyonse Messinian Nkhondo Sparta (banja mdera) nalo dziko kapena Claire. Iwo okha anafuna ntchito, kugawa iwo kunali kosatheka. Claire ntchito helots (anthu akumidzi), ndi Spartiates nthawi yake yonse anapereka usilikali, gulu la ntchito zachuma sali nkhawa.

Pambuyo Messinia anataya ufulu wodzilamulira, pafupifupi onse a anthu ake anakhala helots. Popeza chuma Sparta unali pa ntchito zawo. Aliyense helot kulipira nzika msonkho anakhazikitsa ponseponse chimanga, batala, nyama, vinyo ndi zina zaulimi. Apofora (servage) anali theka la mbewu okwana enawo kugwira analola panopa. Chifukwa ufulu lino tsankho zina palinso olemera anthu. Komabe, chuma chawo cha helots zinali moipa Komabe, kukula ntchito chuma Athens amadziwikanso akulimbikitsa akapolo kuchuluka yaikulu ntchito kukumana ndi zosowa zawo zonse.

amakono Sparta

Pakali pano, mzinda anataya ulemerero wake wakale. M'zaka za m'ma 19 mbali yaikulu ya wakhala adzamangidwenso. Modern Sparta - likulu chachikulu, amene amakopa alendo. Ambiri a gawo allocated ntchito ulimi. Mu 2001, chiwerengero cha anthu, panali 18 chikwi. Man. Ambiri am'deralo ndi chinkhoswe mu ulimi. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa processing wa zipatso azitona ndi zipatso. Sparta uyu anali wotchuka kuyambira nthawi zakale. M'chilimwe mukhoza kuona chikondwerero ulemu la Maolivi. Ndi ndondomeko processing chipatso cha mitengo amenewa amapezeka mu m'nyumbayi m'tawuni. Chemical, fodya, nsalu ndi adzasowa chakudya ukufanizidwa mu masiku ano Sparta mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.

ntchito zachuma Athens ku Greece

The mbiri yoyambirira ya Attica ndi Athens (tauni yaikulu) lilibe zambiri. Tatseka wolamulira wotchedwa eupatrides mukudziwa, ndi china chirichonse mfulu - ndi Demos. ntchito zachuma Athens kalelo kudalira ntchito za gulu lachiwiri la anthu ndi akapolo. Yotsirizira angakhale monga alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe, shipowners, amalonda, amisiri yaing'ono, etc ... Mu 7-6 zaka BC. e. anthu wakumudzi ikuchepa, anthu wamba imawonongeka, izo chikupitiriza yoluza pansi. Balere - ambiri mbewu mbewu akhoza kukhala wamkulu pa dziko la Attica. C 6 m'ma BC. e. Ulimi anaikira mu kulima azitona ndi mphesa. Mu kuya kwa Attica yotengedwa mitundu wapatali nsangalabwi, dongo pulasitiki ntchito mu mbiya. Komanso, dera lino anatchuka chifukwa mabomba olemera siliva dziko. Kum'mwera kwa Attica analinso migodi. ntchito zachuma Athens mu masiku amakedzana kusanduka zikomo m'mayiko chonde wa Pedion kumveka ili pafupi ndi mzinda.

Katapira ndi malonda si sizachilendo, koma m'kupita kukhala zazikulu. Land ndi mbali yofunika ya chuma cha banja, kosamugonjera malonda kapena akadzabweranso ngongole. Komabe, wobwereketsayo-Eupatridae ife anabwera ndi njira imene wamangawa, yokhala otsala ambuye, makamaka anali kupereka kwambiri za mbewu ku madera ake. olemekezeka ambiri anali Polemeretsedwa kuyamika malonda apanyanja, osati yokhudza malo.

Mkubwela kwa Solon ndi mndandanda wa kusintha, ntchito zachuma odziwa bwino Athens. Ntchito pa minda kunja akapolo, alendo ndi zachuma moyo wa gawo ufulu wa limatuluka ammudzi. Solon amalolera kutaya m'dziko limene akukhala ndi mwayi waukulu chifukwa chachikulu-eupatrides nzika. Analimbikitsa kuswana mbewu horticultural, yafupika mtengo wa zikomo chakudya kwa katundu ndi zogulitsa kunja mafuta ndi kuletsa wolowa tirigu. Ndalama okhala bwino.

Monga nkhani akuti, Solon analimbikitsanso kukula kwa ntchito zamanja, kuzindikira kuti ndikosatheka zochepa nthaka yachonde kudyetsa anthu. Tate aliyense ayenera kuphunzitsa mwana wake luso lililonse, kapena mwana adzatha, ndi lamulo, kukana munthu wakale, bambo ake amapereka. amisiri ambiri ochokera m'mayiko komanso ankadalira ntchito zachuma, Athens anapatsa zosamukira ku mzinda wa ambuye ufulu wawo. Ndi kubera wolamulira wankhanza Pisistratus kumatheka mphamvu chuma mzinda. Ndi kuchuluka kwa m'tawuni chawonjezeka ndi chiwerengero cha zokambirana luso, ntchito ku doko, malonda ndi zombo za nkhondo. Kuti ntchito anakopeka akapolo osati wamba amene analibe dziko, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi mwanzeru. Iwo ubwera chilengedwe cha misika yatsopano mkati ndi kunja kwa kugulitsa katundu wa ntchito zaulimi ku Athens komanso mpaka Attica. Ambiri anapatsidwa malonda a mafuta. The Black Sea gombe anapereka amafufuza zamakezana ndi mbiri yakale satifiketi malonda ndi kumpoto Black Sea Athens nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Pisistratus - chapamwamba mbiya.

amakono Athens

Theka lachiwiri la zana la 19 zinali zodzaza ndi kukula mofulumira chuma Athens. Pambuyo mzindawo unakhala likulu, pali makampani mafakitale. Chifukwa zinthu zake zabwino chuma komanso malo, waukulu pamtunda msewu kuchoka kwa Greece kuti njirazo lalikulu nyanja. Mu Wamkulu Athens oposa theka la anthu onse amagwira ntchito ku makampani opanga. Pali zovala, khungu ndi nsapato, zovala, chakudya, mankhwala, zitsulo ndi zitsulo, ntchito yosindikiza komanso mafakitale ena. Doko la zombo zapanyanja, zitsulo ndi mafuta ayenga anakhalabe pafupi ndi Athens nkhondo itatha. Mu chaka cha mzinda amangomvera matani oposa mamiliyoni 2.5 mafuta poyendetsedwa ambiri imports (70%) ndi 40% zogulitsa kunja. Yaikulu Greek mabanki ali Athens. Mapeto a 2009 chinali chiyambi cha zachuma ndi ntchito zachuma.

ntchito zachuma Athens ndi Sparta

maonekedwe a mzinda, komanso ntchito chuma Athens ndi Sparta, kuti kwambiri anasintha akale. Zingatanthauze kuti alibenso mphamvu zawo, koma palibe amene akudziwa kuti iye amakhoza kulemba mbiri awa malamulo awiri wakale m'tsogolo.