Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20 mwachidule

A kumvetsa bwino njira mbiri ya theka zoyambirira za m'ma 20 akhoza kuyang'ana mwa zojambula za nthawi ndi kuwerenga chidwi kwambiri ntchito mabuku a m'nthawi yawo. Ife bwino mu Mpatuko yaing'ono.

Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20: mwachidule

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chikhalidwe European anapambana makhalidwe otayirira - zinali zambiri mafunde osiyana maganizo amene alibe mnzake ofanana. Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20, ali mbali ziwiri:

• Modern (France -. Art Nouveau, izo -. Art Nouveau).
• Chimakono.

Woyamba kubadwa mu khumi zapitazo zaka za m'ma 19 ndipo pang'onopang'ono unatha ndi chiyambi cha First World nkhondo (mu 1914).

Chimakono - ndi chidwi chitsogozo cha 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20. Choncho wolemera katswiri wa kupenta ndi zojambula, amene lagawidwa otaya osiyana mbali khalidwe.

Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20 - nkhaniyi si nkhani, kulenga ojambula zithunzi limodzi Impressionist angaphunzire moyo. Tikadali kupanga pofuna kulankhula za zodabwitsazi chidwi mwachidule. Choyamba timapereka khalidwe awiri m'madera lalikulu modernity ndi chimakono. Popanda, chikhalidwe ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20 N'zosatheka. Kenako, kusuntha mabuku ndi mafilimu a kanema.

Modern: Chilengedwe - chinkatilimbikitsa sizidzatha

Dzina amachokera malangizo a French mawu "moderne" kutanthauza "wamakono." Izi pankhani ya American, European ndi Russian luso kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19-20. Chimakono kawirikawiri kusokonezedwa ndi chimakono, ngakhale zinthu mwapadera kuti ndi pang'ono kuchita ndi mzake. Tikungotchula mbali zapadera mudzipatsana luso:

• kufunafuna kudzoza mu chikhalidwe ndi padziko lonse;
• kusowa kwa mizere lakuthwa;
• chinazilala, Aletsedwa malankhulidwe;
• zokongoletsera, airiness;
• pamaso zojambula za miyambo ya chikhalidwe: mitengo, udzu ndi zitsamba.

Kumvetsa zimene ano, chophweka, kusinkhasinkha mamangidwe a m'mizinda ya ku Ulaya kalembedwe imeneyi. Ndicho - nyumba aang'ono Gaudi ku Barcelona. Likulu la Catalonia kwachititsa angapo alendo ndi chifukwa zomangamanga yake yapadera. zokongoletsa ndi nyumba zosiyana zomwe zili, asymmetry, ndi lightness. Sagrada Familia (Sagrada Familia) - uyu ndi ntchito chidwi kwambiri lalikulu Antonio Gaudi.

Kenako, ganizirani ntchito aluso European amene analenga zojambula zawo kalembedwe Art Nouveau. Wosalira kumvetsetsa nkhaniyo kupereka tebulo kakang'ono.

ojambula zithunzi Modern

Nouveau malangizo	nthumwi wojambula
kupenta	Gauguin, Klimt
zithunzi	Beardsley
Mbendera ndi zithunzi	Toulouse-Lautrec

chimakono

N'chifukwa chiyani azimuth zimenezi zikanatha zinayambira, kupambana chikondi cha omvera ndi kupereka anayamba chitukuko cha makhalidwe ameneŵa chidwi ngati surrealism ndi futurism?

Chifukwa chimakono ndi kusintha luso. Iwo ananyamuka monga kuukira ndi miyambo chakale cha Kuzindikira.

Creative anthu kufunafuna njira yatsopano ya mawu ndi chifaniziro cha chowonadi. Mu chimakono ali mbali yake khalidwe achilendo okha kuti:

• mkulu udindo wa dziko lamkati la munthu;
• kufunafuna nzeru zatsopano ndi pachiyambi;
• zofunika kwambiri zapatsidwa kwa yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale kulenga;
• Literature kumathandiza spiritualisation anthu;
• zikamera nthano.

Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20: zithunzi za akatswiri osiyanasiyana tidzaphunzira mu zigawo ziwiri zikubwerazi.

Chidwi modernist kayendedwe

Kodi n'chiyani? Amazing: mukhoza kuganizira iwo ndi zonse kudzindikira zinthu zatsopano. Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20, adzakhala mwachidule pansipa.

Ife sitikhala amazunza ndi zingatipatse imfomeshoni mu mawonekedwe ambiri achidule - mu mawonekedwe a tebulo. Lamanzere adzakhala muli dzina la mafunde luso lamanja - makhalidwe ake.

Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20: tebulo

Choyambirira modernist kayendedwe

Dzina kumene	mbali
surrealism	The apotheosis m'maganizo anthu. Paradoxical kuphatikiza zosiyanasiyana.
impressionism	Izo zinayambira mu France, kenako kufalitsa padziko lonse. Impressionists ukufalitsidwa padziko lonse mu masiyanidwe ake.
expressionism	Ojambula zithunzi anafuna kufotokoza zithunzi za boma maganizo awo, kuopa kuti euphoria.
futurism	Mfundo yoyamba adanyamuka Russia ndi ku Italy. Futurists mu zojambula wake mwa luso anapambana zoyenda, mphamvu ndi liwiro.
cubism	Zojambulazo zigwirizana wa akalumikidzidwa chongoyerekeza zojambula mu zikuchokera yeniyeni.

Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20 (Table 9 kalasi) amasonyeza kudziwa zofunika pa nkhaniyi.

Kupenda mosamalitsa Impressionism ndi Surrealism monga kayendedwe amene anabweretsa luso mu malingaliro wachibadidwe latsopano.

Surrealism: ndi zilandiridwenso amisala kapena namatetule?

Anali mmodzi wa mafunde modernist anatuluka mu 1920 ku France.

Kuphunzira ntchito ya Surrealists, munthu wabwinobwino zambiri zodabwitsa za thanzi lawo maganizo. Ambiri mwa ojambula zithunzi umenewu akhala ndithu anthu oyenerera.

Choncho, kodi amatha kujambula kotero zithunzi zachilendo? Kuti cholinga cha achinyamata ndi chilakolako kusintha njira kusakhulupirika maganizo. zojambula surrealist chinali njira ya asandilembe malamulo. zojambula Surrealist pamodzi chenicheni cha loto. Ojambula zithunzi motsogozedwa ndi malamulo zitatu:

1. yosangalala chikugwirabe;
2. kutenga zithunzi za chikumbumtima ndi;
3. ngati woyamba mfundo ziwiri analephera, adatola burashi lapansi.

Kumvetsa mmene iwo anajambula chithunzi-ofunika amenewa zimakhala zovuta. kopanda n'cakuti surrealists amakonda malingaliro Freud za maloto. Chachiwiri - kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina kuti kusintha chikumbumtima. Ali choonadi - si bwino. Tiyeni chabe kusangalala ndi zaluso, kaya zochitika. Pansipa pali chithunzi "Clock" lodziwika bwino Salvador Dali.

Impressionism ndi chithunzi

Impressionism - mzere wina wa chimakono, malo - France ...

Zojambula za kalembedwe izi ndi zosiyana mfundo za sewero kuwala ndi kuwala mitundu. Ojambula zithunzi anafuna kugwila pa lona dziko lenileni mu masiyanidwe ake ndi kuyenda. Wa zojambula Impressionist mu wamba bwino maganizo, kotero iwo ali ofunika ndi kowala.

Ojambula a malangizo awa sanaukitsidwa nkhani nthanthi - amangoika anasolola zimene anaona. Choncho anachita izo mwaluso, ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira ndi phale yowala mitundu.

Literature ku Classicism kuti existentialism

Culture ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20 - khalidwe lomwe latsopano mu mabuku anasintha maganizo a anthu. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi penti Classicism chinthu chakale, kupereka njira zochita watsopano chimakono.

Iye anali ofunika kwambiri amenewa chidwi "anapeza" mu mabuku, monga:

• Mkati monologue;
• mtsinje wa chikumbu mtima;
• lakutali kuyanjana;
• luso la wolemba kuyang'ana pa ndekha kuchokera kunja (mphamvu kulankhula za iyeyo munthu wachitatu);
• irrealism.

mumaganiza Chatsopano mu mabuku a zoyambirira za m'ma 20

mayendedwe dzina	olemba
romanticism chikhalidwe	Galsworthy, Mann, Belle
surrealism	Eluard, Aragon
existentialism	Kafka, Rilke
The prose modernist	Dzheyms Dzhoys

Irlansky wolemba Dzheyms Dzhoys anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ngati zolembalemba monga monologue mkati ndi parody.

Franz Kafka - wotchuka Austria wolemba, anayambitsa existentialism panopa mabuku. Ngakhale kuti safanana naye ntchito zake sanazichite changu mofulumira owerenga, izo chimatengedwa ngati mmodzi wa olemba bwino za m'ma 20.

ntchito yake kufooketsedwa ndi mavuto oopsa wa First World nkhondo. Iye analemba chakuya kwambiri ndi kugwira ntchito mwakhama, kusonyeza mpheto anthu tikakumana ndi absurdity zenizeni. Mlembi si mosatsata nthabwala, ngakhale iye anali kwenikweni ndi wakuda.

Ife kuchenjeza kuti Kafka osmyslennnoe kuwerenga kungathandize kuchepetsa maganizo. Werengani wolemba yabwino kwambiri mumtima mwake ndi pang'ono abstracting ku maganizo ake zakuda. Pomaliza, akulongosola kokha masomphenya a chowonadi. Kafka kwambiri wotchuka ntchito - "Njira".

mafilimu a kanema

Oseketsa chete mafilimu - ndi chikhalidwe ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20, pamene iwo kuwerenga kwambiri.

Palibe luso, ikusintha komanso mofulumira mafilimu a kanema a. luso filimu chilengedwe unayamba cha m'ma 19 mochedwa: zaka 50 zokha anakhoza kusintha kwambiri ndi kupambana mitima ya anthu ambirimbiri.

Mafilimu oyambirira analengedwa mu maiko zapamwamba, kuphatikizapo mu Russia.

Poyamba, filimuyi anali wakuda ndi woyera ndi wopanda chilema. Tanthauzo la akanema anali kusamutsa zambiri kudzera kuyenda ndi nkhope ya zisudzo ndi.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba filimu ndi zisudzo kulankhula mu 1927. The kampani American "Uorner Brazers" anaganiza kuti amasule filimu "The Jazz woimba", ndipo ndi kale filimu zonse ndi phokoso.

The mafilimu a kanema Chirasha komanso si chilili. Woyamba bwino ntchito anali filimu "Don Cossacks". Komabe, kufufuza mu mafilimu Russian analinso malo kuti akhale: yoletsedwa anali kuwombera miyambo mpingo ndi banja lachifumu.

A siteji wapadera mu chitukuko cha mafilimu a kanema dziko anayamba pambuyo Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira. comrades Izi anazindikira msanga kuti kokaonera mafilimu akhoza kukhala kuposa zosangalatsa chabe, komanso lalikulu propaganda chida.

Wotchuka Soviet wotsogolera 30s anakhala SERGEY Eyzenshteyn. Ntchito monga "nkhondo Potemkin" ndi "Alexander Nevsky", akhala kuyambira kukhala tingachipeze powerenga. Kyiv wotsogolera Alexander Dovzhenko atafika misanje mu filimu. The ntchito chidwi kwambiri - filimu "Dziko Lapansi".

An nkhani osangalatsa kucheza mwa akuluakulu - ndi chikhalidwe ndi luso la zoyambirira za m'ma 20. Kalasi 9 amamuuza truncated mwamsanga Mwamsanga mutu. Kudzaza kusiyana zingakhale kudziona anaphunzitsa.