Dog mtundu umene wakhala anapezerapo mpita ndipo zifukwa zosangalatsa

Mu 1957, mwezi pambuyo Launch mu kanjira wa woyamba Kanema yokumba mu danga anaulukira Chamoyo choyamba chinali padziko lapansi. Zinali nyama, nyama, galu. dzina lake ndi wokongola kukhazikitsidwa Laika.

Laykina Slava

Chinyama mwamsanga odziwika ndi otchuka pa dziko lonse lapansi, ulemerero wa Laiki ingakhale nsanje ndi amisiri wotchuka kwambiri, oimba jazi, nyenyezi thanthwe 'n' mayina ndi akatswiri, osanenapo andale. The milandu pokha zingasokoneze chimwemwe pa lotsatira sayansi ndi luso la zopangapanga zaka danga, imfa ya galuyo. Patapita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kukhala mu kanjira, onyamula kusintha zikwi ziwiri kuzungulira dziko, ilili nitentha mu mlengalenga. Kodi patsogolo kumatanthauza osati ulemerero wa apainiya, ndipo kumafuna nsembe.

Pa funso la chimene chinatuluka galu ndiye anali mu kanjira, kupereka yankho lomveka bwino, palibe munthu akanakhoza. Laika anali "noblewoman", mwa kulankhula kwina, ndi maonekedwe achirendo yosavuta. Chifukwa izo zinachitika chimodzimodzi njira kunapezeka.

zochitika ndege Previous

Studies zotsatira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zigwirizana pamodzi ndi pamaso pa zamoyo mu malo pafupi-Earth, anachititsa kuyambira 1951. Dezik ndi Majipise anali apainiya mwa earthlings, iwo analibe mwayi kukwera pamwamba stratospheric (100 km) mu kapisozi zinakhazikitsa, koma danga la ndege awo sichikanakhoza kutchedwa, ngakhale roketi, ndakwezedwa iwo, inali yofanana ndi R-7, limene nthawi anapita chombo zina mu mlengalenga. adafika mozungulira, koma wakhala pakati. Koma kuchokera suborbital wake "kudumpha" dezikom ndi Roma kubwerera mwamtendere.

Belka ndi Strelka

Pambuyo mndandanda wa ofanana chiyambi akuluakulu anali kwa danga ndege. The galu choyamba mu mlengalenga, Laika anafa, koma asayansi Soviet ndi vuto zotsatirazi anali kuthetsedwa. Chiyenera kuwonjezera unyinji wa payload ndi kuonetsetsa kubwerera padziko lapansi.

Kulemera kuchuluka kawiri chiwerengero cha "okwera". Belka ndi Strelka, monga anaitanidwa, ndipo nawonso anali mongrels. Zhaklin Kennedi, kulandira NS Khrushchev ndi mphatso yapadera, ngakhale kuwafunsa zimene zimasokoneza galu anaikidwa mu kanjira mu nthawi ino. mayi mwana wagalu anali muvi lodziwika bwino zimauluka m'mlengalenga, ndi mfundo imeneyi kumatithandiza wamtengo wapatali pano.

Nigella ndi asterisk

Kubwera pafupi kuthetsa vuto la kukulozani ndi cosmonaut choyamba, asayansi anabzala ankafika wake ngalawa "Kamangidwe", mwachitsanzo chidole zida ndi zipangizo zotha ambiri. The kampani "Ivan Ivanovich" (pamene anali dzina mu Baikonur) anali zinayi miyendo mnzake wapamtima wa munthu. Pasanathe mwezi pamaso Gagarin a ndege, ichi "banja" kuuluka mu mlengalenga ndi kubwerera mwamtendere. Ayi malipoti a mtundu galu omwe anapezerapo kanjira, yekha dzina lake, Nigella, anakhala pagulu. Posachedwapa chikhulupiriro mu bwino kuyesera anali mobwerezabwereza. Asterisk anatsimikizira zilipo zikutanthauza kuti nzabwino.

Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani iwo mutts onse?

Tsopano ndi kwa anthu kukathyola danga. Ndipo ndi nthawi kuti ndifotokoze zimene zimasokoneza galu anaikidwa mu kanjira mu nthawi yoyamba ndipo wotsatira, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani.

Yankho lidali n'zosadabwitsa yosavuta. The akatswiri a makampani malo pamene "zonyamula" motsogozedwa ndi makhalidwe ake monga thanzi labwino, maganizo, nzeru, ndi zabwino, wochezeka khalidwe. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndege anali anatengedwa ndi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi i zikuluzikulu zomwe detachment la chombo.

Panali zaka zoletsa (ochepera zaka 6). kulemera sayenera oposa 6 makilogalamu. A mtundu adalipo kunali kuwala, akhoza papezeka kuti ikhale pamphuno nyama (ndipo ngakhale mawu ake) zinali kuoneka bwino pa TV.

Patapita nthawi yaitali ndi mosamala kusankha maphunziro anasankhidwa woyamba galu. Mu mlengalenga, ndinapita Laika, iwo bwinobwino zapita mayesero onse, kusonyeza zotsatira zabwino.