Malo Hrs a wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. makhalidwe Political a wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu

Wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu, amene Hrs malo - Eastern Europe ndi chidwi kudalirana chikhalidwe pafupi. Iwo anatuluka mu 1199, pambuyo pophatikizana wa Chigalashiya ndi Volyn mayiko. Iwo anazindikira monga waukulu ukulu kum'mwera Russia nthawi ya kugawikana ang'onoang'ono.

malo Hrs

Wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu chakhazikika pa m'mayiko yachonde ya South-West la Russia. Ndipo zimene anansi chidwi azungulira boma wamng'ono! Mu kumpoto kwa wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu m'mphepete mwa Lithuania, kum'mwera - ndi Golden gulu kum'mawa - ndi Kiev ndi Turov-Pinsk ukulu kumadzulo - ndi ufumu Polish. Ndipo lokwera amphamvu a Carpathians kale anatambasula Hungary.

South kumadzulo Russia ankasiyana okongola osati chikhalidwe, komanso ambiri mchere. Pripyat Mtsinje ndi Styr anapita kum'mawa kwa wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu, ndi otchuka Danube - mu South.

Malo Hrs a wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu, moona, zinali zoonekeratu opindulitsa.

Amene ndi momwe kupanga ukulu umodzi?

Mapangidwe wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu chinachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 12. Azambiriyakale kuitana nthawi yakale imeneyi ya nthawi ya kugawikana ang'onoang'ono a Lazaro.

mbali yofunika kubweretsa m'mayiko awiri (wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn) ankaimba kalonga wanzeru Roma Mstislavovich. Choyamba iye anatenga Galich, ndi pambuyo pa imfa ya Vladimir Yaroslavovych (wotsiriza wa mafumu Rostislavovich) wandale wanzeru mochenjera ophatikizana awiri ofanana gawo chikhalidwe. linanena bungwe apeza otchuka Asilavo boma, lomwe anakhala mmene zaka 200! Kalonga analowa Russian ndi Ukraine mbiri ngati "Autocrat la Russia onse" (gwero -. Chronicle).

Cholinga zifukwa kuyanjana wina wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volynia

Wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu (mwachidule kukumananso kuchita anapereka pamwamba) anauka osati chifukwa cha chilakolako cha munthu mmodzi, ngakhale ndi aluso kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zomveka ndithu chifukwa mayiko awiriwa kuti anasankha kukhala mmodzi:

• chabwino Hrs malo a wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu;
• ndi adani wamba: Poland, Hungarians ndi Golden gulu;
• chikhalidwe moyandikana kwa anthu a wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn;
• lalikulu mchere gawo.

kugwa

Mu ulamuliro wa Prince Roma bwino zinthu zinali kupita ku ukulu ndi: kuyanga ulimi, Ankhondo anasiya ndewu nthawi zonse, ndiponso oyandikana nawo nkhope ya Zitsulo Hungarians anayamba kulemekeza boma wamng'ono. Koma zinthu zonse zabwino posapita nthawi ikutha ...

nthawi yafika ndipo anafa Grand Prince Roma. Pomwepo zitachitika adzaoneni, zinthu kunakula kachiwiri - kulimbana mphamvu. anansi komanso kubwera anayamba kulimbikitsa malamulo a wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Kusakhazikika nthawi inatenga zaka pafupifupi 30, bola ngati panali latsopano wamphamvu - Danila Galitsky. Mu 1238, kalonga anatenga mphamvu mu manja awo.

The kukumananso lotsatira pa heyday wa ukulu wa

Danilo Galitsky anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa dongosolo ndi kubwezeretsa mgwirizano wa maiko awiri. Komanso, mfundo yatsopano zokulitsa chikoka wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu wa Kiev. Mu ulamuliro wake (1238-1264 gg.) Boma Asilavo kuti tilimbane ndi Golden gulu.

Wolowa Daniele anakhala Prince Yuri. Itaona mizinda kuyanga, kukula kwa malonda achilendo ndi zoweta, komanso moyo wamtendere m'mayiko a wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu.

Kugwa kwa ukulu wa

Nkhani momvetsa chisoni kunena. Nkhonyayo unagwa pa mnansi kum'mwera: asilikali a Khan Chiuzibeki kuthana ndi ana awiri aang'onoang'ono Prince George.

Popeza lilipo kwa zaka 200 wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu (mwachidule ndi mbiri ife tikudziwa kale) anali ndi chikoka chachikulu chikhalidwe pa chitukuko cha Russia. Mbiri ya dera kum'mwera kumadzulo mbali ya mbiri m'dziko lathu.

Kaperekedwe wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu

M'chigawo chino, tikambirana zinthu ziwiri - kumzinda waukulu komanso m'madera a zachuma. Malo Hrs a wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu inayenda bwino kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake malo amene anali makamaka anayamba ulimi (khasu ulimi) ndi zamanja zosiyanasiyana.

Kuwonjezera mmene chuma chikuyendera chinathandiza kukula kwa m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu - ndi:

• Lviv - umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri mu CIS. mwana wa Danila Galitskogo mkango chikutchedwa.
• Vladimir-Volyn - mzinda kumadzulo kwa Ukraine. Chifukwa malo ake Hrs, m'zaka 13-14. Iwo anapanga Ayuda ambiri. movutika kwambiri nkhani za anthu wakale pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World: Nazi ndi anthu am'deralo anapha anthu wamba za 25,000. Today pa malo misa Rastrelli anamanga chikumbutso zovuta.
• Galich - likulu loyamba wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu.

M'gawo la wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu anali pafupifupi 80 Mizinda. Deta yotere amapereka amafotokoza.

dongosolo boma ndi mphamvu

makhalidwe Political a wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu akadali kuchititsa mkangano mbiri yakale. sayansi Official ndi wa kuganiza kuti mphamvu yakuuka wogwidwa olemekezeka otchuka. Ndi iwo amene anasankha ofuna akalonga, ndi kusankha kusamutsidwa anthu. Kumene, ulamuliro wa wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu kudalira munthu. Makamaka ngati kalonga anakhala wandale wanzeru, amene akanakhoza kupanga zosankha zawo.

The ulamuliro waukulu ndi bungwe la boyars lalikulu. Amaphatikiza anthu otchuka a ukulu wa - mabishopu ndi nzika lalikulu. Ena dongosolo chikhalidwe yodziwika ndi wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Malongosoledwe a wake Adzaperekedwa m'mutu wotsatira.

zinthu zokhudza

M'gawo la wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu anapanga anthu ang'onoang'ono. Mpheroyi za 5 makalasi, kusiyana pakati pa iwo chinali chapadera. Taganizirani zimene anali kuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu a magulu osiyanasiyana. otchulidwa chidwi kumene kuli wina wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu. Gome m'munsimu adzakuuzani za moyo wawo.

Kaperekedwe wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za magulu.

Western Ukraine lero

Limodzi la mafunso chidwi kwambiri ndi zotenga: "Kodi anthu a Western Ukraine ndi omveka kudziletsa kuzindikira" Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, muyenera kupita patsogolo pang'ono m'mbiri malo Hrs a wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu, ndi tsoka lake idzafotokoza kwambiri.

M'mayiko mbiri ya wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu - dera lamakono Western Ukraine. Zakale wotchedwa Galicia ziri limafanana Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv ndi Ternopil zigawo. Volyn - chigawo mbiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa masiku ano Ukraine. Limafotokoza panopa Rivne, Zhytomyr ndi Volyn zigawo.

Atagwa wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu, tsogolo la maiko awiri anali kwakukulukulu anatsimikiza ndi anansi ake kumadzulo ku South Russia. M'zaka 14 wotchedwa Galicia anagwira Poland ndi Volyn anabwera pansi pa ulamuliro wa Lithuania. Ndiyeno panali Rzeczpospolita ogwirizana, zomwe kachiwiri anagwira m'madera amenewa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu a wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn anali mchikakamizo cha Polish ndi zikhalidwe Chilituyaniya. Komanso, chinenero Chiyukireniya ya Western Ukraine kungafanane ndi Polish. Choncho zimaonekeratu chifukwa Ukrainians akhala nthawizonse ndinkafuna kuti adziimire paokha.