Kodi zochitika zazikulu za NEP chiyani? Features ya malamulo atsopano chuma Soviet Union (onani gome)

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma la 1917, dziko la Soviet Union linali bwinja lokhalokha. Kulikonse analamulira njala ndi umphawi. Izi wafunsira kusagwirizana chikhalidwe. mawu mokweza anthu disaffected kulikonse anayamba kuukira.

Zikatere, kunali kofunikira poyamba pa zonse kutsitsimutsa chuma dziko, yomwe Bolsheviks kuti anayambitsa ndondomeko yatsopano zachuma. Nkhaniyo inati, kodi ntchito yaikulu ya NEP lapansi. Komanso anapereka mlandu mwachidule ndi zotsatira za Watsopano Kuchita mu chuma.

Prerequisites chifukwa kusintha kwa NEP

Musanayankhe funso kodi ntchito yaikulu ya NEP ndi, m'pofunika mwachidule kudziwa chikuchititsa mavuto a kusinthika chuma cha Bolsheviks:

• zomvetsa yaikulu chifukwa cha Civil nkhondo kunalibe rubles zosakwana 50 biliyoni mu golide;
• kugwa kwa makampani olemera, amene anapereka mankhwala nthawi 7 zosakwana mu 1913;
• zomvetsa anthu analipo anthu oposa 10 miliyoni chifukwa cha nkhondo, njala, miliri ndi emigration;
• njala yoopsa mu 1921 chifukwa cha ubweya wa. Hunger anayendetsa anthu m'mudzi, chifukwa cha tawuni anali anathawira, m'mafakitale ndi panali kuchepa pachimake ntchito;
• akamayamba wamba nkhondo ;
• More oopsa ndi foci wa kugalukira antchito, asilikali ndi amalinyero.

Boma Chatuluka mndandanda wa malamulo ankhanza, koma kwa anthu anjala ndi pissed sanali kumukhulupirira. Iwo anali kukwaniritsidwa. Ndiye Bolsheviks anazindikira kuti tsoka chuma cha mphamvu zawo, ndipo pomwepo pa X Congress Party wa Communist mu March 1921, njira yatsopano analandidwa.

Kodi zochitika zazikulu za NEP mu ulimi

Choyamba kunali koyenera kudyetsa anthu anjala, yomwe inkafuna kutsitsimutsa mudzi ndi gawo ulimi. Requisitioning m'malo mwa msonkho mu mtundu, amene ankatanthauza kuchotsa 70% ya tirigu si koma% 30 okha. Kenako mlingo anachepetsedwa 10% ya mankhwala woyera, ndi pambuyo pa zonse m'malo ndi mawonekedwe a ndalama.

alimi olemera anali kulipira msonkho umodzi ulimi. muyeso Izi kwambiri kupepera chitukuko cha ulimi.

Iwo anali siziloledwa kutera chinang'ambika, ntchito za ntchito aganyo.

The kuunikanso malamulo mitengo munaukitsidwa mitengo tirigu ndi mankhwala zofunika za ulimi. Zimenezi zinathandiza alimi kulandira chipukuta misozi ntchito yawo ndi kupeza mankhwala mafakitale.

gawo mkango mabanja wamba ankagwira zosiyanasiyana yosavuta co-ntchito.

Mphamvu ya NEP makampani

Kodi zochitika zazikulu za NEP makampani? Choyamba, nayonso kuphimba co-ntchito kayendedwe.

Kutsitsimuka ang'ono ndi sing'anga mabungwe omwe siaboma. opanga Private analoledwa anang'amba bizinesi komanso malipiro-ogwira ntchito kwa anthu 20. Kenako nambala zotheka kwa anthu ganyu kuchuluka.

Dziko zachitika zopezera yotakata makampani malonda, amene anakonza malonda yogulitsa katundu itatha.

Location matabwa chapakati anatenga adalira, amene ophatikizidwa mu yunifolomu mtundu wa ulimi ndi mafakitale zachuma zokhudzana. Pambuyo kupereka msonkho iwo anali ndi ufulu kutaya ndalama iliyonse otsala.

The Bolsheviks anasiya mongoyembekezera yopanga anakonza powapatsa adalira kusankha zochita ndi kuchuluka kwa kubala, mochuluka bwanji kugula zipangizo ndi kumene kugulitsa katundu wawo. Chotero dongosolo amatchedwa odziimira paokha.

Chuma zotsutsana za NEP chachikulu

Zingati ganizo akhala NEP chochitika? Tebulo popereka waukulu zotsatira zoipa zambiri Chatsopano:

zosankha anaphimba zochitika zabwino NEP lapansi. Tebulo pamwamba, chikutsimikizira kuti zochita osaphunzira chuma cha Bolsheviks anayambitsa mavuto atsopano mu dziko ndi kusagwirizana chikhalidwe.

The zotsatira za Pezani Chatsopano

ntchito NEP zachuma anali otsutsana ndithu. Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo umalimbana ofunika chuma, anakhudza chitsitsimutso cha m'midzi ndi mafakitale, kupereka yochepa umoyo wa anthu. Komano, malamulo atsopano chuma pogwiritsa okhudza msika, pamene cholinga ndale za boma - kumanga sosholisimu - sanasinthe. Nationalization zinachititsa kuti outflow okwana ndalama zakunja.

Mu zaka za NEP ndi kuonetsetsa Bolsheviks chakudya dziko nayambanso mupewe 'zochuluka' chakudya m'mudzi, monga alimi chifukwa chepetse acreage. N'chifukwa chiyani kuti n'kupita?

"Price lumo" pakati pa gawo ulimi ndi mafakitale chikwiyire ndi zotsala katundu ogula pa maziko a njala. katundu chopangidwa malonda zinachititsa kuti mavuto makampani opanda pake. Kutseka kusiyana ndalama, ndi Bolsheviks chikalata ndalama zatsopano mu makope, zomwe yomweyo zinachititsa kuti hyperinflation.

zotsutsana zonsezi zinachititsa kuti kusokonekera kwa NEP mu 1928.