Kodi kuwerengera ngodya akadakwanitsira ya ndingaliro ya makwerero?

The ndondomeko yomanga kumafuna potsatira kwambiri mfundo zina ndi malamulo. Iwo apanga chiwerengero cha zaka. The mawerengedwe yeniyeni ndi zinachitikira asiya omanga kulenga malamulo omveka bwino kwa aliyense siteji ya zomangamanga.

Pafupifupi nyumba muyenera makwerero. Malinga mtundu wa zomangamanga kungakhale helical kapena yaing'ono kapena lonse amatisamalira. Koma chinthu chilichonse otere ayenera kutsatira malamulo. Kusankha mbali ya ndingaliro ya masitepe, kulabadira ena chipinda. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti alenge malo omasuka. Malinga ndi makwerero bwinobwino kukwera ndi atsika pansi. The ndondomeko ya chilengedwe ake ayankhidwa zina.

Lingaliro ambiri otsetsereka a

Zaka zambiri ntchito ya zomangamanga zikusonyeza kuti mbali omasuka kwambiri masitepe amaona chizindikiro cha madigiri 30 kuti 45. Komabe, mayiko - si chizindikiro chokha chimene kudalira pomanga elementi mapulani. Limited danga nawonso amakhudza mbali ya masitepe.

The mwauzimu staircase Ndi bwino, ngati chipinda si zimasiyana miyeso. Akuguba mitundu amafuna malo okwanira. Ndipotu kulenga munthu kuweramira omasuka chofunika ndege, umene kutenga malo kwambiri.

masitepe phompho si kovuta kokha, komanso yoopsa. Ngati mbali ndi madigiri kuposa 45, ayambe kudzakhala kovuta ana ndi okalamba. makwerero Awa ndi cholandirika ndi dziko nyumba, ngati iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Ngati otsetsereka ngodya kuposa madigiri 50, kukwera pa kudzakhala kotheka kokha ndi thandizo la manja. Izi zimapangitsa zovuta zina.

The otsetsereka pazipita

Pakuti aliyense mitundu chinthu alipo pa pazipita mlingo (ndingaliro ngodya) madigiri. Masitepe ndi zoweta, makwerero, ndiziwunda, chuma kapena kuthawa. Ntchito mkati pafupifupi konse ntchito otsetsereka zosakwana 30 madigiri.

Ngodya pazipita kwa zinthu banja zomwe zili mkati malo, ndi madigiri 45. Pakuti ndiziwunda, chithunzi ichi ngakhale m'munsi. Polenga chinthu choterechi ndi zosavomerezeka kupanga ndege kuweramira madigiri oposa 30.

Koma kuno makwerero pazipita otsetsereka angafikire pafupifupi 75 madigiri. Koma mu malo zogona ochepa mapulani chinthu ntchito. Komanso kuthawa makwerero angakhale ndi otsetsereka kwambiri kuposa madigiri 75. Koma yambiri makamaka. Choncho, zindikirani ayenera kumwedwa mlingo pazipita otsetsereka a madigiri 45 kuti malo. Pang'ono kuonjezera chizindikiro ichi ankaloledwa danga zochepa.

chitonthozo

Kuti mbali ya masitepe nsanja yachiwiri inali yabwino onse pa chitunda ndi mbadwa, muyenera kuganizira osati pazipita koma otsetsereka osachepera. Ngati kukula chipinda amalola, n'zotheka kuti pamalo otsetsereka a ndege ndi madigiri 40.

Koma ngakhale opondapo pansi danga staircase sayenera linapendekeka madigiri oposa 30. Kukwera adzakhala yabwino, koma adzatsika kovuta kwambiri ndi woopsa.

Kupewa mavuto amenewo, muyenera kuthetsa pamaso erection. M'pofunikanso kulabadira chipongwe ndi. Ngati pali masitepe oposa atatu kamangidwe ka item izi ayenera masitepe. Chitonthozo kumawonjezera mtengo wa milingo chimodzimodzi.

dongosolo zolipiritsa

Kusankha mbali akadakwanitsira ya ndingaliro ya makwerero, m'pofunika kuti malipiro. Kuti tichite zimenezi, ganizirani mphamvu onyamula mbali ya msonkhano. Iwo agawidwa mu umodzi-chikhatho chimodzi kapena cantilever milimo. Ndiye Njira ntchito.

The staircase ndi dongosolo kuti pansi pa katundu zazikulu. Choncho, chidwi ziperekedwe kwa stiffness zinthu zonse. kuchimwa kwawo sayenera upambana mtengo wa 1/400 wa chikhato lapansi. Pogwira mawerengedwe katundu ali mwachidule ndi kaphatikizidwe kulemera kwa zinthu structural ndi katundu zosakhalitsa. Zogona nyumba ayenera kutsatira mlingo wa makilogalamu 300 / sq. m.

Mu kuwerengetsera ayenera kuganizira kuti kawiri zochotsa kutalika kwa sitepe iliyonse, linakhulupirira m'lifupi, ndi wofanana ndi sitepe pafupifupi anthu. mlingo ichi tiyenera kuziganizira. Gawo ndege anthu ndi 60-64 cm.

kuwerengetsera

Kuphunzira funso mmene kuwerengera mbali ya ndingaliro ya makwerero, m'pofunika tione luso losadziwika. Zimenezi zingakuthandizeni kusankha otsetsereka lamanja la ndege. Mu ndondomeko ya kuwerengetsa kutalika chizindikiro ntchito masitepe anthu zafotokozedwa pamwamba mu chete kuyenda.

Aliyense ndege masitepe amaona mosiyana. The mawerengedwe chiwerengero cha masitepe anatengedwa, komanso msinkhu wawo. Izi ndi mawerengedwe luso mwachilungamo wophweka. Kutalika yabwino njira uli mu uthunthu wa masentimita 15 ndi 18. M'lifupi awo pa nthawi yomweyo akhale pakati pa masentimita 28 mpaka 30. Mu phazi cholemba akutengedwa anthu kukula kwa zomwe kawirikawiri kukwera masitepe.

Mogwirizana kanjedza pamwamba, mawerengedwe adzakhala zochokera chilinganizo zotsatirazi:

2X + Y = 580/660, kumene × - kutalika kwa sitepe, mu - m'lifupi.

Sitepe yotsatira adzakhala m'munsi, onse ndi mu stairwell yeniyeni. Izi muyeso.

m'lifupi

Mukhoza kuwerengetsa makwerero ndingaliro ngodya zochokera deta pamwambapa. Chifukwa chaichi luso yosavuta. Masitepe ndi mu mawonekedwe a kansalu bwino. kutalika ndi m'lifupi - miyendo, ndi ndege masitepe - ndi hypotenuse. Poyamba ayenera kudziwa ankafunila ndi weniweni malo, chomwe chidzachitike m'lifupi masitepe mu chipinda.

KUFOTOKOZERA magawo (akuya kuyenda) ndi chiwerengero cha magawo, iwo n'komwe. Ntchito yoyamba kuchulukitsa ndi wachiwiri. Chifukwa ndi kutalika kwa chikhato yopingasa wa ziyerekezo lapansi.

Zotsatirazi ndi chizindikiro monga danga ufulu mu chipinda kuti akhoza kutenga masitepe. Ngati mtengo masamu chikugwirizana ndi leni, mukhoza kupitiriza. Ngati magawo sizili zofanana, payenera kukhala uphungu.

Mawerengedwe a m'litali ndi ngodya

Kutalika kwa ndege masitepe mu ntchito yomanga otchedwa chingwe. Kuwerengetsera ngodya ya ndingaliro ya masitepe a nyumba, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito odziwika Pythagorean Lingaliro Lovomerezeka. Pambuyo makwerero ndi osachepera kansalu bwino.

miyendo ndi kale kudzera kuwerengetsera m'mbuyomu. Kutalika kwa masitepe - ndi kutalika denga mu chipinda. M'malo chilinganizo amadziwika makhalidwe onse akhoza zopezera kutalika ndege masitepe.

Kuwerengetsa ndingaliro njingayo, amafuna mitunduyi masamu. Sine ya njingayo chimapezeka mwa kugawa kutalika kwa chinthu kutalika chikhatho chimodzi. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo ndi kuyerekezera chifukwa anatsimikiza ndi ndingaliro lenileni la makwerero.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana kuti msanga, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, zotsatira zolondola adzakhala kuwerenga kupanga magawo zogwirizana ngati n'koyenera.

malamulo Boma

KUFOTOKOZERA njira wabwino ndingaliro ya masitepe, muyenera kuganizira zofuna za GOST ndi SNIP. chakudya chawo chachikulu bwino kuti mu nyumba ndi apansi oposa awiri ayenera kukhala wosakwatiwa-chikhatho chimodzi. M'lifupi nyumba izi si zosakwana masentimita 80. Ngati nthawi yomweyo kudzatenga kwa anthu 2, chithunzi ichi kuchuluka kwa 1 m.

Chiwerengero cha magawo aziyendera ayenera kuchokera zidutswa 3 18. chiwerengero cha masitepe ndi bwino kuchita wosamvetseka. Anthu yabwino kuyamba ndi amasiya zoyenda ndi phazi chomwecho.

ndege ya kuweramira ngodya Choncho ayenera kukhala mu osiyanasiyana madigiri 45 kuti 26. Ngati index ichi ndi wamkulu kuposa madigiri 50, zinthu mtundu Ufumuyo ntchito. The otsetsereka madigiri osachepera 5 sikutanthauza magawo.

A ochepa nsonga katswiri

Molondola kudziwa mbali ya ndingaliro ya masitepe, muyenera kuganizira angapo nsonga. Iwo angakuthandizeni kuti akonze pulani si bwino, komanso otetezeka. omanga odziwa amavomereza kuchita chimodzimodzi kutalika mlingo. Apo ayi, anthu (makamaka usiku) akhoza kukhumudwa ndi kugwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti minofu kukumbukira limatiuza kuti pa msinkhu wina tsopano ayenera rung. thupi ndi kunditumiza ku Amaonetsa zimenezi mwendo, koma masitepe Mwadzidzidzi pansi pake. Ngakhale kusiyana wamng'ono (monga 2-3 cm) lingathe kum'vulaza. Mukhoza tuck mwendo kapena ngakhale Wopanda kutsika pansi. Ndi zinadzala ndi wavulala.

Ngati sanali muyezo kutalika denga amaloledwa sanatchule pamwamba mlingo nsanja pansi pang'ono m'munsimu pansi msinkhu pansi. Sitiyenera kusiya sitepe. Iwo compensates kuti kuwuka kwa limbikitsa yaing'ono.

Popeza familiarized ndi sayansi ya mmene kusankha mbali olondola a ndingaliro ya makwerero, inu mukhoza kulenga omasuka komanso otetezeka malo chilengedwe chilichonse.