Pamene anali nkhondo ya Crecy?

Wotchuka Nkhondo ya Crécy chinachitika mu 1346. Zinali nkhondo ya nthawi yoyamba ya yaitali zaka mazana nkhondo pakati France ndi England.

prerequisites

Mu 1337, Mfumu Edward III ananena zakuti mpando wachifumu French. Iye okonzeka ndi ulendo lalikulu ndipo anayesetsa kugwila Paris. kampeni wake woyamba unachitika ku Flanders - chigawo wamakono Belgium. British Army analephera kugonjetsa France. Iwo anali wolumikizana ndi mavuto a zachuma a mfumu, ndi mayiko wake zinalephereka.

Patapita zaka zingapo, Edward III anaganiza pofuna wina. nthawi iyi, asilikali ake anafika Normandy. Army kutsogozedwa ndi mfumu ndi mwana wake wamkulu, Edward Black Prince, yemwe anali mutu wa Prince of Wales. Pa mutu wa asilikali French anali French mfumu Philip VI ya Valois. Ndi atsogoleri awa anakumana ena Normandy. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa msonkhano anali nkhondo ya Crecy.

ankafika British mu Normandy

Zonse yotentha 1346 Eduard anayesa kuti tifulumizane nkhondo anamanga. Philip ankasiyana chokayikakayika ndipo anabwerera kangapo pa mphindi yovuta. Chifukwa cha njira imeneyi, Britain linalanda lonse la Normandy ndi kuopseza kumpoto France, kuphatikizapo Paris.

Potsiriza, pa August 26, Edward III anaima pa lokwera pafupi ndi mudzi wa Crecy mu lotchedwa Picardy. nzeru British sanamugwiritse Iye mwala wamkulu. M'gululi inanena kuti mfumu French ndiyo kwenikweni ndi kuukira pa kupukusa British. Ndi mwezi uliwonse watsopano wa nkhondo France anali kunadetsa noticeable mavuto azachuma. Komanso, zigawo kumpoto anali agwidwa ndi gulu lankhondo la adani, amene akudyetsedwa likuvutika am'deralo.

Kuyambira pamenepo, monga Edward anafika Normandy, iye asaluza za chakhumi cha asilikali ake. Madzulo a nkhondo motsogoleredwa wake, iyo inali pafupifupi 12 zikwi asilikali. Zinali zedi mphamvu. Pa British Army la chitsanzo walemba Alfred Bern. "Nkhondo ya Crécy" - mmodzi wa mabuku wotchuka kwambiri sayansi ndi otchuka zoyenera Zapakati.

Ntchito yomanga asilikali

English vanguard kutsogozedwa ndi wolowa kwa Korona - Black Prince. Nthawi pa phiko bwino. Kamangidwe kameneka wakhala mwambo wa asilikali akale. Iye anathandiza ndi akazembe odziwa - Earl ya Oxford ndi Earl wa Warwick. The pambali yoyenera pa mulu waung'ono, ataliatali pa otsala a British Army.

Nthawi zambiri, gulu lonse ali otsetsereka a, pakubwezeretsa m'chigwa mtsinje. Alonda kumbuyo anali pa pambali yakumanzere. Iwo anatsogoleredwa ndi wotchuka asilikali Earl wa Northampton. Pakati pa kumbuyo kwa mzere kumbuyo anali malo Regiment. mayunitsi anali kuyang'aniridwa la Mfumu Edward III. Mill ataima pafupi zinkathandiza kuti zi- positi.

asilikali Edward

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti English mfumu anaganiza kuti nkhondo ya Crécy akhale nkhondo wapansi. Madzulo a asilikali British watumiza mahatchi ake onse convoy lapansi. Iye anali kumbuyo ndi mosamala inkatetezedwa ndi gulu yopuma. Edward anasankha malangizo a Earl wa Northampton. mkulu ameneyu wakhala anapereka ntchito kale zinamuchitikira bwino kuyenda nkhondo pa Nkhondo ya Morlaix komwe kunachitika zaka pang'ono.

Yofunika kwambiri asilikali a Edward ankaimba oponya mivi. Iwo Pre-mwachindunji malo amene anakumba zamkati wapadera yosungirako yachidule mivi ndi mauta recharge. Pa nkhondo, aliyense chowombelera anamasulidwa ndi mivi mphindi 30-40. Popeza British woyamba adakwatira mbali yawo, iwo anakwanitsa kugwira nkhondowo review kukakonzera njira kuti nkhani ya njira French.

French zolephera nzeru

Zofunika Nkhondo ya Crecy anali kwa nzeru French anadabwa wathunthu. Mu 1346, iye anali chimaonekadi otsika otsutsa English, amene anali zonse mapazi angapo patsogolo. Choyamba, Filipo anapita kuti andipeze ndi asilikali mdani kolakwika. Pamene m'gululi ndi Kenako, ndinazindikira kulakwa kwawo, kulankhula French kale anatambasula makilomita angapo. Mfumu posachedwa anakwanitsa kubwezeretsa mwambo ndi njira yoyenera, koma olakwika mchitidwe zinamulepheretsa nthawi yamtengo wapatali imene kenako anakhudza wokonzeka nkhondo.

Nkhondo ya Crécy mu 1346 wakhala vuto linalake kuti si yunifolomu ya asilikali a ku France, amene akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu. Mu woyamba anali mercenaries Genoese ndi alonda munthu wa mfumu. chiwerengero cha gulu ili anakwana anthu 6000. Madzulo a nkhondo, iye anabalalitsa kuukira nthawi ya British pa Papayu ndi mgwirizano, kotero zambiri wapabanja.

ogwirizana yachilendo

Kukhalapo kwa Genoese n'zosadabwitsa - alendo ambiri anamenyera Philip IV. Mwa iwo anali mafumu. Mwachitsanzo, Bohemia Mfumu Ioann Lyuksemburgsky. Iye anali munthu wokalamba (mogwirizana ndi mfundo akale) ndi wakhungu, koma anabwera kupulumutsa wake angakuthandizeni yaitali, amene anali kulimbana ndi phukusi British. Komanso, m'zaka za m'mbuyo, John Wakhale nthawi yambiri pa bwalo French. Komanso asilikali Filipo anali German mercenaries ambiri ndi detachments ka atsogoleri German ndi akalonga ena ang'ono.

ankhondo French

Pomaliza, magawo atatu a asilikali French anali m'mphawi asilikali. M'mudzimo anatsatira kuitana kwa akuluakulu kumenyana mokwiya yachilendo. Ngakhale akale nkhondo konse ankavala kutchulidwa khalidwe dziko, Pankhaniyi yotero. Alimi bwino longoganizira pomenya nkhondo. Ambiri a iwo ngakhale inatha mu ankhondo kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Chifukwa wosaperewera magwero imeneyo, ofufuza simungakhoze kudziwa miyeso lenileni la asilikali a Philip. Mwachitsanzo, olemba English ngakhale anatchula chithunzi cha anthu 100 sauzande. Komabe, Deta yotere ndi kukhulupirira. Lopambana pafupipafupi anakokomeza nyota mwini. Koma chinthu chimodzi chimene ndikuchita: asilikali French anali osachepera kawiri monga English kwambiri (osachepera 30 zikwi anthu). Kusiyana kumeneku anapereka Philip kudalira nzeru zawo. Koma si monga mmene mfumu, nkhondo inatha pa Crecy. Wopambana anali kudikira iwo pa malo bwinobwino ...

Kusiyana gulu

August 26, 1346 pa 16 koloko, asilikali French anafika m'chigwa cha mtsinje waung'ono Meillet. asilikali chinaoneka alonda pamphero. About kuswa uthenga yomweyo kukauza Edward III. asilikali British yomweyo anatenga malo awo. Knights, amuna pa mikono, oponya mivi - iwo wayesetsa kutsatira chitsanzo pa mbali ina ya m'chigwa. Kumeneko, iye anafola asilikali French.

Ngakhale pamaso nkhondo inayambika pa Crecy (1346), boma la Britain anaona kuti ndi mwayi bwino. Anali kuchita chilangocho. Ophunzitsidwa bwino asilikali English anasankhidwa nthawi yaitali kukhala pa zombo walunjika Normandy. Onse malamulo ndi Edward Black Prince anadzazidwa mofulumira ngati nkutheka.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, asilikali French sanathe popitilira maphunziro amenewa ndi chilango. Vuto linali lakuti asilikali asilikali achifumu ndi mercenaries yachilendo bwino anamvetsa mzake. Tithe anali kukanikiza anansi awo. Mmaudindo French ngakhale isanayambe nkhondo panali chisokonezo ndi chisokonezeko, kuti unali kuoneka British.

Isanayambike mwadzidzidzi nkhondo

Komanso, Philip kachiwiri mwachidule nzeru ndi. Iye sananene za malo panopa pa gulu lankhondo la adani. Mfumu, kukhala pafupi Crecy, sanali ndikupatsani nkhondo tsiku lomwelo. Atazindikira kuti kumuwombera mdani ndi makilomita chabe pang'ono, adadziyitaniranso msonkhano pangozi ya nkhondo, amene anaikidwa funso chala: kupita kapena ayi kupita pa zolawula pa tsiku lomwelo?

Kwambiri udindo wapamwamba alonda French anali mokomera izo, kusiya kaye nkhondo mpaka m'mawa. chigamulocho. zomveka - lero gulu lonse lankhondo anali mu njira ndi kuti watopa. Asilikali zofunika zina. Philip sadzakhala ong'ambika. Iye anavomera ndi aphungu ndi kulamulidwa kuti asiye.

Komabe, apa anaima ikani chinthu anthu, chifukwa cha zomwe nkhondo inayambika pa Crecy. Mwachidule, Ankhondo wodzithemba French, powona ukulu wawo n'zosangalatsa kumva, iwo anaganiza kuukira adani madzulo yomweyo. Iwo anali woyamba anathamangira ku nkhondo. Army Building kwambiri moti pamaso pa Knights anali mercenaries Genoese. Iwo analinso ndi kupita patsogolo, kuti kugwa pansi mmene anyamata awo wakulungama. Kotero nkhondo inayambika pa Crecy. Otsutsa ndi wopambana anaganiza, kuti chidzachitika okha m'mawa, koma khalidwe zosafunikira a asilikali French zinawathandiza denouement.

French kugonjetsedwa

Woyamba zomvetsa lalikulu lankhondo zowawa pambuyo skirmish pakati pa anthu oponya mivi English ndi crossbowmen Italy amene anatumikira Philip. Zotsatira zake zinali zomveka. The British zipolopolo mdani aluso chifukwa mlingo mkulu wa mauta yaitali. Komanso, pamaso nkhondo mvula, ndi crossbows Genoese kwambiri ankawaviika, chifukwa anali atakula.

Nkhondo ya Crécy zinachitika mu masiku oyambirira a zida zankhondo. English Cannon anapanga volleys ochepa chitsogozo cha French. Mitima akhala - mfuti mlandu buckshot. Mulimonsemo, ngakhale njira imeneyi wosazindikira mantha a asilikali French.

Zotsatirazi arbaletchikami adapita apakavalo zolawula. Knights Filipo anali kugonjetsa zambiri zopinga zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kukwera phompho pamwamba amene anali British. The French anatenga oposa 16 kuukira wamagazi. Palibe mmodzi wa iwo analephera.

zomvetsa zinali zoopsa. Iwo ali zikwizikwi anthu. Philip yekha anavulazidwa. Choncho inatha anavutika mu 1346 iye. Nkhondo Crecy anatsimikizira ntchito English. Tsopano Edward akhoza kupitiriza nkhondo yake kumpoto kwa France. Anali kupita ku yofunika m'mphepete mwa nyanja linga Kale.

Chifukwa chigonjetso British

The chifukwa cha nkhondo kunapezeka kuti ozunguza kwa French. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani British anapambana? N'zotheka zopanga zifukwa zingapo, zomwe pamapeto pake adzakhala kumasulira chimodzi. Pakati pa makamu mdani awiri anali chachikulu gulu phompho. The British anali amuna ophunzitsidwa bwino, zida ndi kudziwa zomwe akukumana nazo. Iwo anamenya m'dziko lachilendo, pambuyo pawo chinali chabe nyanja, kutanthauza kuti adalibe kutaya.

Asilikali French inkakhala asilikali sadzachitanso ophunzitsidwa ndi mercenaries alemba ntchito ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Yaikuluyi tangle anthu anali zonse zotsutsana ndi mikangano mkati. Ankhondo sanali kukhulupirira Genoese, anthu wamba anali kukayikira wa ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Zonsezi chifukwa cha thandizo la Mfumu Philip IV.

zotsatira

anthu ambiri mundilanda Nkhondo ya Crécy. Deti la nkhondo tsiku la maliro lonse la France. Nkhondo anatayika wothandizana naye Filippa Korol ya Bohemia Ioann Lyuksemburgsky. Nkhondo anasonyeza mphamvu ya uta yaitali, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito pa British. mtundu watsopano uwu wa chida ali linasinthiratu mwatsatanetsatane sayansi ya Ages Middle. M'pake kusintha onsewa, zinadziwika mu 1346. Nkhondo ya Crécy ndipo anali nkhondo yoyamba imene zida zankhondo anamugwiritsa lalikulu zedi.

Kupambana nkhondo momasuka analola Eduardo kutenga lonse la kumpoto kwa France. Posakhalitsa anazinga ndi kulanda doko zofunika za Calais. Pambuyo kusokoneza chifukwa cha mliri wa makoswe, asilikali British mobwerezabwereza kuthyola French. Mu 1360 gawo loyamba la zaka mazana nkhondo itatha. Malinga ndi zotsatira za korona English wabweza Normandy, Calais, Brittany ndi Aquitaine - oposa theka la France. Koma izi sinathe wa zaka handiredi nkhondo. Nkhondo ya Crécy anali mmodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa ambiri yaitali mwazi ku Ulaya chabe.