Inalowa Crimea ku Russia pansi Catherine 2: History

Mu 1475 lonse nyanja komanso lamapiri gawo la Crimea anali linalanda ndi Ottoman. Popeza kuti onse a pachilumbachi a Crimea Khanate, omwe anakhala zaka zitatu m'manja ake, ndi bwino anayambitsa mbiri chikumbutso cha Nyanja Black ngati "Turkey mkati nyanja", amene, kwenikweni, kwa zaka zitatu zotsatira. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Crimea ndi inalowa kwa Russia pansi Catherine 2 akwaniritsa zofunikira onena za Russian mfundo yachilendo nyengo.

Kufunikira malinga ndi moyo

Atagwa wa Golden gulu kuti Russia ndi makamaka acuteness ntchito anali kubwezeretsa kupeza Nyanja Black, omwe analipo m'nthawi ya Kievan Lazaro ndi kutsekedwa kwa izo ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chitata Mongol goli. Pangani kunali koyenera woyamba wa zonse zofuna zachuma, monga mwa Nyanja Black zinali zofunika zamalonda m'mayiko Mediterranean.

Komanso, kunali koyenera kuti awononge Krymskoe Hanstvo, amene gawo mazana angapo anawazunza umalimbana anali kugwila akapolo ndi malonda awo mopitirira mu Constantinople. Malinga kuwerengetsera asayansi, zaka 300 pamaso pa inalowa mwa Crimea kwa Russia pansi Catherine 2, m'misika kapolo wa Turkey anatumiza anthu osachepera 3 miliyoni.

Zoyesayesa choyamba kuthetsa mavuto a Crimea

Ankafuna kuti achidziwe Crimea anapanga mobwerezabwereza. Wokwanira kukumbukira nkhondo ya Peter Ine mu 1696-1698 biennium. ngakhale n'kufika pa adani a linga la Azov, koma anagwirizana lonse nkhani Black Sea. Mu ulamuliro Anny Ioannovny asilikali Russian kawiri kupambana analowa chilumba: m'chaka cha 1735, molamulidwa ndi B. H. Miniha, ndipo patapita zaka zinayi ─ Field polimbana P. P. Lassi. Komabe, nthawi zonse iwo anakakamizika abwerere chifukwa cha kusowa okwanira ndi miliri kunabuka m'gulu la asilikali.

A mwayi weniweni kugwira kulanda a Crimea anaonekera kamodzi kokha theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII, ndi Russia watsopano unakhazikitsidwa, zimene zinaphatikizapo m'madera ambiri a kumpoto kwa Black Sea, linalanda kwa Russia pa nkhondo Chirasha Turkey. Akukhulupirira kuti kuyambira anayamba mbiri ya analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia ndi Catherine 2. Kugwiritsa Chatsopano Russia monga ponyamukira kwa patsogolo zinthu, ambiri-mu-Chief Army VM Dolgoruky mu 1771, ali anakwanitsa kuswa kukana wa zokometsera wa Crimea ndi kulimbitsa mkati mwa malire ake.

Independent Krymskoe Hanstvo

Komabe, analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia pansi Catherine 2, mwachidule pansipa, anali yoyamba chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri, umene malinga ndi kufunika kwa chiwerengero cha zinthu ndale komanso nkhondo za nthawi. Zotsatira za kupambana kwa manja Russian mu nkhondo ndi Turkey yosainidwa mu 1772 Karasubazarskogo mgwirizano, akulengeza ndi Khanate osadalira pa Crimea, ndi pansi pa zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Russia.

Anamaliza mu zaka ziwiri Chirasha Turkey nkhondo kunali kutha kwa ulamuliro Ottoman ku chilumba ndi kutsegula kwa Russia mwayi yaitali kwa Black Sea. Komabe, zofunika tabadwa theka-muyeso ndipo sangatengedwe kukhala monga chigamulo chomaliza cha nkhani Crimea.

The ndale ndi pa nkhondo zosemphana ndi Turkey

Monga Tingaone malangizo-Catherine 2, popeza ufulu wodzilamulira kuchoka ku Crimea Khanate Ottoman, iye sanangokhala lingaliro la inalowa ake chuma chake. Iyi ikukwaniritsa zofuna za Russia, chifukwa chilumba anali kufunika zofunika pa zachuma ndi zankhondo ndale m'dziko lonselo. Komabe, Turkey anali chidwi kwambiri mu kubwezeretsa ulamuliro awo mu Crimea. Onse magulu omenyanawa ayesetsa kukwaniritsa zolinga kufunika, ndipo pachifukwa ichi kulimbana pakati pa Ottoman ndi Russia pa nthawi imeneyo sanafooke.

Mu November 1776, a Corps mkulu-General A. A. Prozorovskogo kulowa Crimea, anatenga mbali kumbuyo pa Perekop. Kum'thandiza ku Moscow mopupuluma anafika Division molamulidwa ndi A. V. Suvorova. khama olowa anatha kuthyola kulimbikira asilikali a Crimea Khan Giray Davlet ndi kukakamiza iye amathawira ku Bakhchisarai, kenako athawire ku Constantinople. Mu malo ake anasankhidwa monga wolamulira latsopano Shahin Giray, amene anakhala otsiriza m'mbiri ya Crimea Khan.

Chitata Khan poganiza ndi European

Chisankho cha munthu uyu kuti ntchito analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia kwakukulukulu Catherine 2. Mosiyana akalambula wake, iye anali munthu wa njira European kwambiri maganizo. Titamaliza maphunziro mu Venice ndi Thessaloníki, zinenero Shahin Giray angapo yachilendo, malamulo ndi Sichikupezeka mu Chitata miyambo.

Komabe, kuyesa kusintha asilikali, ka boma ndi chuma dongosolo la Khanate m'njira European zinachititsa kuti kusakhutira a anthu wamba ndi kupanduka lotseguka, amene anatha kubisa kokha ndi thandizo la bayonets Russian. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuthetsa mikangano unachita kusankhidwa malo mkulu wa onse asilikali Crimea A. V. Suvorova.

Crimea osamuka

Kugawa magawo a chilumba 4 zigawo Kupititsa ndipo anaikidwa m'malinga analanda midzi ya asilikali kwambiri, makirediti onse Turkey ndi owatsatira awo ku otchuka m'dera mwayi otsiriza zimakhudza moyo lamkati la Crimea. Zinali sitepe chidwi cha analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia pansi Catherine 2.

Woyamba pakati pa anthu okhala chilumba pansi ndodo ya Mfumukazi ya Russia anagwidwa ndi anasamukira ku malo oimira ake a anthu Mkhristu ─ ku Georgia, ku Armenia ndi Ahelene. Iwo anali kupatsidwa ndi dziko pakamwa wa Danube ndi pa gombe la nyanja Azov. Pa kasupe ndi chilimwe cha 1778 ku Crimea wasiya 31 chikwi. Man, amene anachititsa manyazi kwambiri ku cuma Khan, chifukwa anthu awa ndi gawo kwambiri chuma yogwira anthu.

Report kwa Prince G. A. Potomkina

Mu 1781, anthu a ku Turkey anali chikwiyire kugalukira wina wa anthu wamba, madongosolo osakondwa, anayambitsa Shahin Giray, ndipo anali chotheka pofuna kusangalatsa opandukawo asilikali Russian, nthawi imeneyi molamulidwa ndi wopambana wake adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince G. A. Potomkina.

Mu lipoti lake kwa Ufumu wake, iye analemba kuti, malinga ndi kuyang'anila wake, ambiri a m'deralo amatanthauza ankhanza kwambiri Shahin Giray ndi angakonde kukhala pansi pa protectorate Russian. Mosakayikira, ndemanga iyi Potemkin wachita yofunika pa analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia pansi Catherine 2.

The memorandum, anaganiza tsoka la Crimea

Kukhala wandale kwambiri mpaka akuthwa, G. A. Potomkin anamvetsa bwino lomwe kufunika kwa kulolerana wa Crimea ku Russian Ufumu, monga mwinamwake m'gawo lake akhale ankamasulira yabwino aggressions m'tsogolo gawo la Ottoman. Komanso zinali zosachita kufunsa ndithu Ndalama a m'mayiko yachonde Crimea chuma kwa Nyanja onse kumpoto Black. Ndipo potsiriza, kuti amaliza kukula kwa kum'mwera Russia ndi malire ake achilengedwe. Wake wopambana ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince view zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane memorandum anatumiza kwa iwo December 1782 kwa Mfumu.

Atalingaliranso zikalata analandira, Mfumukazi poyankha anapatsa mphamvu lake lapamtima yotakata kugwiritsa siimalingaliridwa ndi kuvomereza ntchito zake. Choncho, analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia pansi Catherine 2 (chaka 1783), mbali yaikulu limabweretsa Prince Grigoriyu Aleksandrovichu Potomkinu, umene anapatsidwa mutu wa Tauride (Tavriya ─ ndi dzina la kale la Crimea).

Kukonzekera a zochitika m'mbiri

Tsiku la analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia ndi Catherine 2 ayenera kutengedwa ngati 8 (19) mu April 1783, pamene autocrat lolingana Ndondomeko yosainidwa. Komabe, pa nthawi imeneyo, iye analamula kulisunga chinsinsi kwa nthawi yaitali kusintha kwa dziko la ndi anthu ake onse pansi ndodo Russian sudzakhala chinthu chenicheni.

Ndi nthawi iyi mu moyo andale a Crimea Khanate anasintha. Kudana ndi anthu Şahin Giray anakakamizika kusiya wolamulira wamkulu, ndipo malo ake anali wopanda munthu. Zimenezi zinathandiza Potemkin mwa nthumwi zawo kukakamiza chigamulo osankhika a Khanate za ubwino kusintha pansi pa protectorate la Russia.

Zitatha izi, mitsuko mwamsanga dongosolo mu chakumadzulo mbali ya chilumba doko chaonekera kuti akomere tsogolo zombo Black Sea zombo. Patapita chaka chimodzi, pali mzinda linga inamangidwa, wotchedwa pa behest wa Mfumukazi Sevastopol.

Lumbiro la kukhulupirika kwa Russia

Potsiriza, pa June 28 (July 9), mu 1783 mfundo za apamwamba anapangidwa anthu. Choncho kwa nthawi yoyamba (ndi Catherine 2) inalowa Crimea ku Russia anali accompli fait. Zochitika za nthawi ino, pamene malowa vvtorichno anadutsa ku Russian Federation, lomwe ambiri, kotero kuti akhale iwo, ife sadzatero. Koma nthawi, tsiku wopambana ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince Potemkin, ataima pamwamba pa phompho dera limeneli limatchedwa-Kaya, anatenga lumbiro ku nkhani watsopano mwa Iye Imperial Ufumu. Woyamba analumbira nsonga ya m'deralo ndi anthu a atsogoleri, ndipo pambuyo pawo kale - wamba onse. Mpaka tsopano wakhala ndi mbiri chikalata ─ Ndondomeko pa inalowa la Crimea kwa Russia pansi Catherine zithunzi 2 amene anapereka nkhaniyi.