Chiwerengero cha India ndi China: deta nduna ndipo amaneneratu. China ndi India ndi mfundo zaziwerengero

Chiwerengero cha India ndi China zikuchulukirachulukira mofulumira chaka chilichonse. Pa nthawi, chiwerengero cha anthu okhala Lapansi ndi biliyoni 7.2. Komabe, ngati akatswiri UN ukuonetsa kuti ndi 2050, chithunzi ichi akafuna $ biliyoni 9,6.

Dziko ndi anthu waukulu Akuti mu 2016

Taganizirani m'mayiko 10 kumene anthu ndi yayikulu kwambiri mdziko, monga a 2016:

1. China - biliyoni 1,374.
2. India - biliyoni 1,283.
3. United States - 322 694 000.
4. Indonesia - 252.164.000.
5. Brazil - 205 521 000.
6. Pakistan - miliyoni 192.
7. Nigeria - 173.615.000.
8. Bangladesh - 159.753.000.
9. Russia - 146 544 000.
10. Japan - 127,130 mln.

Monga Tingaone mndandanda, anthu a India ndi China ndi ochuluka kwambiri, ndipo oposa 36% wa dera lonse. Koma lipoti akatswiri UN, chithunzi zaziwerengero mu 2028 zidzasintha kwambiri. Ngati tsopano udindo waukulu limabweretsa China, ndiye patapita zaka 11-12, anthu a India adzakhala kuposa China.

Patapita chaka, mu dziko lirilonse la maiko awa unaloseredwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu biliyoni 1,45. Koma mayendedwe a kuchuluka kwa anthu mu China adzakhala kupululuka, pamene mu India, kuchuluka kwa anthu udzapitirira mpaka 50 ntchentche za zana lino.

ndi osalimba anthu ku China chiyani?

Chiwerengero cha China mu 2016 ndi anthu 1.374.440.000. Ngakhale lalikulu la dziko, China si kuli anthu. Kuthetsa wa anthu Chinese ndi m'goli chifukwa zingapo zochititsa lawolawo. Anthu kachulukidwe avareji kilometre lalikulu 1 ndi anthu 138. Pafupifupi ntchito zomwezo za anayamba ku Ulaya monga Poland, Portugal, France ndi Switzerland.

anthu India cha 2016 ndi zosakwana ku China, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 90, koma osalimba ake nthawi 2.5 apamwamba ndipo watsala 363 anthu pa kilometre lalikulu 1.

Ngati m'dera Chinese si kwathunthu anakakhala, n'chifukwa chiyani kulankhula za kuchulukana? Ndithudi, deta pafupifupi sangathe kusonyeza akamanena lonse vuto. Mu China, pali madera kumene anthu kachulukidwe ndi 1 lalikulu kilometre masauzande ambirimbiri, mwachitsanzo: ku Hong Kong chithunzi ndi 6.500, pamene Macau - 21 000. Kodi chifukwa zodabwitsazi? Ndiponso, angapo a iwo:

• nyengo;
• malo lawolawo za dera linalake;
• Mbali zachuma m'madera payekha.

Ngati tikayerekezera India ndi China, m'dera la boma chachiwiri ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Koma kumadzulo ndi kumpoto mbali ya dziko kwenikweni osati anthu. M'madera amenewa, omwe chifukwa cha pafupifupi 50% a gawo lonse la dziko, ndi kunyumba kwa% 6 okha a anthu. Pafupifupi n'kupita ankaona mapiri a Tibet ndi Takla Makan ndi Gobi.

anthu China mu 2016 mu ambiri ankaganiza m'madera yachonde dziko, amene kufalikira mu North China Plain, ndi pafupi madzi lalikulu - ndi Yangtze ndi Pearl Mtsinje.

Mzinda waukulu mu China

mizinda yaikulu ndi mamilioni a anthu ali ponseponse kwa China. Yaikulu mbali matauni ndi:

• Shanghai. Mu mzinda uwu, pali anthu mamiliyoni 24. Malowa ali pamtunda doko padziko lonse lapansi.
• Beijing - ndi likulu la China. Apa ndi boma ndi mabungwe ena makonzedwe. Mzinda ndi kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 21.

Pakuti megacities ndi Harbin, Tianjin ndi Guangzhou.

Anthu Chinese

Mbali yaikulu ya anthu a Middle Ufumu wa Han dziko (91.5% ya chonse cha anthu). Komanso pa dera la China ndi kunyumba 55 m'mafuko aang'ono. Ochuluka kuposa awa:

• Chuang - 16 miliyoni.
• Manchu - 10 miliyoni.
• Tibetans - 5 miliyoni.

anthu Small Loba alibe anthu oposa 3,000.

Vuto la mapulogalamu mankhwala

Chiwerengero cha India ndi China ndi ochuluka kwambiri mu dziko, nchifukwa chake pali mwamsanga vuto la chakudya riziki mu zigawo izi.

Mu China chiwerengero olimapo pafupifupi 8% ya malo okwana. Pankhaniyi, zina za dziko zakhudzana ndi zinyalala ndi zosafunika kulima. Mkati vuto chakudya dziko sangathe kuthetsedwa chifukwa kuchepa yaikulu kwambiri chakudya. Choncho, ndalama Chinese ndi kugula wambiri ntchito za ulimi ndi chakudya, ndi kutenga lendi chonde dziko m'mayiko ena (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan).

amutsutsa chisankho cha utsogoleri mabwalo ndi kukutsogolerani. Only mu 2013 anali padera madola 12 biliyoni chifukwa kugula malonda chakudya padziko lonse.

Chiwerengero cha India mu 2016 kuposa 1.2 biliyoni, ndi osalimba ambiri amakula kuchuluka kwa anthu 363 pa kilometre lalikulu 1. Chiwerengerochi ali kwambiri pa katundu cropland. Ndi povuta kuti kupereka chakudya kwa anthu ambiri, ndi vutoli analumikiza chaka. A ambiri anthu India amakhala osauka, boma lili kuchita ndondomeko anthu kuti mwanjira kusonkhezera zinthu. Kuyesa kuletsa kukula mofulumira anthu anayambitsa ku cha m'ma lomaliza.

Chiwerengero malamulo a China ndi India umalimbana malamulo kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu m'mayiko amenewa.

Features wa mfundo zaziwerengero mu China

Kuchulukana kwa China ndi mantha kuti nthawi ya mankhwala ndi mavuto azachuma Boma kukhwimitsa zikuluzikulu kupewa mavuto ofanana. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, tiyenera anayamba dongosolo zakulera. Iwo unayamba kulimbikitsa dongosolo ngati wamkulu mwana 1 okha m'banja, ndipo anthu onse omwe ankafuna kugula ana 2-3 alipire ndalama yokulirapo. Osati aliyense mu dziko angakwanitse apamwamba amenewa. Ngakhale ing'onoing'ono luso adzakhala sinafalikire. Iwo anatilola kukhala ndi ana awiri ndipo nthawi zina atatu.

chiwerengero cha anthu China ukulamulira anthu wamkazi, choncho kubadwa kwa atsikana kumalimbikitsidwa.

Ngakhale zinthu zonse kugwiridwa ndi boma, kuchulukana vuto Zatsala sanathetsedwe.

Mawu oyamba a ndondomeko zaziwerengero pansi pa chiphiphiritso "banja limodzi - mwana mmodzi" kwachititsa zotsatira zoipa. Pakali pano, China wakhala ukalamba a mtunduwu, mwachitsanzo, anthu achikulire kuposa zaka 65, pali 8%, pa mlingo wa 7%. Popeza palibe boma dongosolo penshioni, kusamalira mathithi okalamba pa mapewa a ana awo. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri makamaka kwa anthu achikulire amene amakhala ndi kapena alibe ana awo olumala.

Vuto lina lalikulu ndi la China ndi vutoli jenda. Kwa zaka zambiri, chiwerengero cha anyamata yandikulira atsikana. 100 Akazi nkhani amuna pafupifupi 120. Chifukwa mavuto chifukwa cha kugonana wa mwana wosabadwayo kudziwa m'bungwe la trimester mimba ndi mimba angapo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, amaganiza kuti mu zaka 3-4 chiwerengero cha bachelors mu dziko lidzafika 25 miliyoni.

Chiwerengero Policy ku India

Pa atumwi otsiriza chiwerengero cha anthu China ndi India wakula nthawi zina, chifukwa cha zimene vuto la kulera m'mayikowa ankachita pa mlingo boma. Poyamba, pulogalamu ndondomeko anthu m'gulu zakulera kuti kumapangitsanso umoyo wa mabanja. Pakati pa M'mayiko ambiri osauka India ndi imodzi mwa woyamba adakwatira funso ofanana. pulogalamu unayambitsidwa mu 1951. Pofuna kuchepetsa mlingo kubadwa, njira ya kulera ndi njira yolera yotseketsa, zomwe zinachitikadi mwaufulu. Amuna kugwirizana opareshoni zimenezi, kulimbikitsa States kupereka mphotho ndalama.

Male anthu numerically osakhala pa mkazi. Popeza pulogalamuyo anali osamveka, izo omangika mu 1976. Amuna amene anali ndi ana awiri kapena kuposa, anakakamizika yolera yotseketsa.

Mu 50s Mu zaka zapitazo ku India ankaloledwa kukwatira akazi zaka 15 ndipo amuna zaka 22. Mu 1978, mlingo uwu linawonjezeka kuti 18 ndi 23 zaka motero.

Mu 1986, China pocherpnuv zambiri mlingo India wayikidwa ana 2 pa banja.

Mu 2000, kusintha kwakukulu zinapangidwa kuti mfundo zaziwerengero. Buku Main wapangidwa kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa moyo wa mabanja ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ana.

India. Major mzinda m'madera ndi m'mayiko

M'mizinda ikuluikulu ya dziko ali kunyumba kwa theka la amwenye. ndi waukulu madera matauni:

• Bombay (15 ppm).
• Calcutta (13m).
• Delhi (11m).
• Madras (6 m).

India - Dziko multiethnic, ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa 2,000 osiyana ndi mafuko. Ambiriwo ambiri:

• Ahindu;
• Bengalis;
• Chimarathi;
• Tamils ndi ena ambiri.

Mitundu yaing'ono monga:

• Chinaga;
• Manipuri;
• Garo;
• miso;
• tiper.

About 7% ya anthu a mafuko m'mbuyo, kuwatsogolera njira pafupifupi wosazindikira wa moyo.

N'chifukwa chiyani mfundo India ndi zaziwerengero sichidziwika bwino kuposa China?

makhalidwe umoyo ndi zachuma a India ndi China zosiyana Chrixitu. Ichi ndi chifukwa kulephera ndi mfundo zaziwerengero wa Ahindu. Tiyeni tione zinthu zazikulu chifukwa cha zomwe sizingasinthe kwambiri bwanji kukula kwa anthu:

1. Gawo limodzi la anthu India amaonedwa kukhala osauka.
2. mlingo wa maphunziro ndi otsika mu dziko.
3. Compliance ndi mbalume zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana.
4. kukwatiwa mwamsanga monga miyambo Zakachikwi.

Chidwi kwambiri ndi m'chigawo cha Kerala kuchuluka kwa anthu wotsikitsitsa mu dziko. M'dera lomwelo imatengedwa ophunzira kwambiri. anthu kulemba ndi 91%. Pakuti mkazi aliyense mu dziko lili ndi ana 5, pamene anthu a Kerala - osachepera awiri.

Akatswiri amanena kuti zaka 2 anthu a India ndi China adzakhala ziri chomwecho.