Kusamvetsa mfundo Werner Heisenberg

Kusamvetsa mfundo lagona mu ndege okonzera kwadzidzidzi Komabe, kwathunthu dismantle izo, ife titembenukira kwa chitukuko cha sayansi ambiri. Isaak Nyuton ndi Albert Einstein, mwina sayansi wotchuka mu mbiri ya anthu. Choyamba m'zaka XVII mochedwa, iye anakonza malamulo okonzera chakale, amene ali pansi pa matupi onse zimene zatizungulira, dziko, subordinated kuti inertia ndi yokoka. Kukula kwa malamulo okonzera chakale, zinachititsa dziko la sayansi ndi mapeto a XIX m'ma kwa maganizo malamulo zonse zoyambirira za chikhalidwe kale lotseguka, ndipo munthu akhoza kufotokoza chodabwitsa chilichonse m'chilengedwe chonse.

chiphunzitso Einstein wa relativity

Mwamwayi, pa nthawi imeneyo, anatulukira kokha nsonga ya madzi oundana ndi asayansi zina kafukufuku anabzala latsopano, zosaneneka mwamtheradi mfundo. Kotero, pachiyambi cha m'ma XX anatulukira kuti kafalitsidwe wa kuwala (lomwe lili ndi liwiro amalire 300 000 km / s) sali pansi pa malamulo okonzera Newtonian. Malinga mitunduyi ndi Isaaka Nyutona, ngati thupi kapena yoweyula panamveka ndi gwero kusuntha, liwiro lake adzakhala wofanana ndi mtengo wa gwero ndi liwiro anu. Komabe, yoweyula katundu wa particles ali ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana. Zimene ambiri anasonyeza kuti mu electrodynamics, sayansi wamng'ono pa nthawi imeneyo, ntchito zosiyana kwathunthu malamulo. Ngakhale ndiye, Albert Einstein, pamodzi ndi German ongolankhula sayansi Max Planck anayambitsa chiphunzitso wake wotchuka wa relativity, limene limafotokoza khalidwe la photons. Komabe, ife tiri tsopano ndi lofunika kwambiri, osati kwambiri alili wake, ndi zoona kuti nthawi iyi zosagwirizana akuluakulu a nthambi awiri a sayansi Zavumbulutsidwa, kuphatikiza amene, mwa njira, asayansi akuyesetsa lero.

Kubadwa kwa kwadzidzidzi zimango

Potsiriza anawononga nthano za zimango chakale cha phunziro mwatsatanetsatane za kapangidwe ka atomu. Zatsopano Ernest Rutherford mu 1911 godu anasonyeza kuti maatomu wapangidwa ndi particles zambiri zabwino (otchedwa mapulotoni, neutrons ndi ma elekitironi). Komanso, iwo anakana kugwirizana pa malamulo Newton. Kuphunzira particles timeneti ndi wafunsira mwayi kwa dziko sayansi postulates wa kwadzidzidzi zimango. Motero, mwina, kumvetsetsa mtheradi wa chilengedwe chonse si osati kwambiri mu phunziro la nyenyezi, ndi kuphunzira kwa particles zing'onozing'ono zomwe kupereka chidwi chithunzi cha dziko pa mlingo yaying'ono.

The Heisenberg Kukayikakayika Mfundo

Mu 1920s, ndi kwadzidzidzi zimango anapanga njira yake yoyamba, koma ofufuza okha
Timadziwa chimene amasonyeza kwa ife. Mu 1927, German sayansi Werner Heisenberg anakonza njakata wake wotchuka mfundo, kusonyeza chimodzi kusiyana waukulu pakati microcosm ku malo athu mwachizolowezi. Amakhala chakuti n'zosatheka kuyeza onse liwiro ndi okhudza malo udindo wa chinthu kwadzidzidzi kokha chifukwa muyeso ife bwanji, ndipo chifukwa muyeso wokha sukhalira anagwiritsanso mothandizidwa ndi photons. Ngati inu mwamtheradi trite: akuona chinthu dziko zazikulu, timaona chithunzithunzi cha kuunika kwake ndi pa maziko a izi mfundo za izo. Koma kwadzidzidzi sayansi ndi zotsatira za photons kuwala (kapena ofanana nawo ena a muyeso) ali zimakhudzanso chinthu. Choncho kumachitika mfundo otchedwa bwino amavutika kuzindikira ndi akuneneratu khalidwe la particles kwadzidzidzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chochititsa chidwi chokwanira, n'zotheka kuyeza payokha liwiro kapena malo a thupi payokha. Koma ngati ife kuyeza pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi apamwamba adzakhala deta yathu pa liwiro, ndi zochepa ife tizidziwe weniweni, ndi mosemphanitsa.