Chikumbumtima Political, zigawo zake ndi milingo

Munthu - cholengedwa makhalidwe moyenerera ananenera Aristotle mu IV atumwi. BC Ndipo tsono, munthu aliyense limodzi ndi chonyamulira cha osati chikumbumtima chake munthu, koma chikumbumtima chikhalidwe. Mbali yaikulu munthu yake chikumbumtima aumbike mwa anthu: zake chuma, chikhalidwe, zokongoletsa ndi malangizo abwino. Ndizachidziwikire kuti maganizo onse lagawidwa achipembedzo, zokongoletsa, wamakhalidwe malamulo, chuma ndi ndale kutsitsimuka.

chikumbumtima Political anatuluka, kumene, kenako achipembedzo kapena khalidwe, pamene anthu afika siteji ya kusanduka ake, amene wakhala malo zosiyanasiyana zokhudza anthu, pamene anthu ali stratified m'magulu lalikulu paphwando. Tikhoza kunena kuti chikumbumtima ndale anabadwa pa chiyambi cha mapangidwe limati ndi kachitidwe kawo ndale ndi ubwenzi ndale. Inakhalapo m'njira ziwiri: mwa "andale" - anthu amene anaima pa helm wa kampani kusintha mkati ndi kunja moyo wake chikhalidwe, ndi anthu amene amapanga ichi "kapolo" anthu, wokhala nacho ntchito ya ndege zina maganizo, mtima ndi maganizo athu.

Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti chikumbumtima ndale - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nthambi za chikumbumtima chikhalidwe, amene aumbike mwa m'ndandanda wa maganizo chikhalidwe, maganizo, malingaliro ndi maganizo, amasonyeza cholinga asapita ndale pakati pa gulu lalikulu / makalasi a anthu. Ndithudi, izo zikhoza kukhala chikumbumtima ndale mobisika ndi ena mitundu ya kutsitsimuka chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, njira umoyo ndi zachuma m'dziko mwachindunji zimakhudza mapangidwe kusakhutira pachimake kapena mosinthanitsa, kukhutitsidwa ndi andale alipo. M'pofunikanso, ndi stratification wa anthu pa gulu lalikulu ndi khola chikhalidwe, solidarisation kapena M'malo mwake, kusagwirizana pakati pawo.

Mtima wa anthu kapena zikhulupiriro yemweyo wachipembedzo monga chipembedzo titular, ngakhale njira zina bwanji chikumbumtima zandale: mwachitsanzo, maganizo kuti mphamvu zonse - kwa Mulungu, ndi superimposed pa mapangidwe maganizo andale ndi khalidwe. Monga kukatentha a anthu zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma ndi ndale magulu osiyanasiyana ndipo gulu sizili zofanana, kenako kulowa zimasemphana ndi mzake, tingathe kulankhula za misa, kalasi ndipo ngakhale chikumbumtima andale a zaka kapena gulu akatswiri a anthu.

Tsopano tiyeni tione mmene munthu mu chikumbumtima ndale. Munthu kukula, amaphunzira za kuti chikhalidwe cha njira alipo, anthu ndalezo kulamulira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadziwa umembala yake mu dziko, kalasi chikhalidwe, kalasi, achipembedzo kapena mtundu gulu. Munthu kusanthula chidziwitso kapena mwachimbulimbuli kuyamwa iwo, pang'ono ndi pang'ono anapanga malo ndale, imbaenda iye mu boma la kutengera za ku zinthu zina (amanyadira dongosolo chikhalidwe kapena mwachangu kutsutsana). Izo anasonyeza makamaka pa msinkhu wa mtima (monga / kudana) amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana mwamphamvu. Chotero misa chikumbumtima ndale pachimake pachimake angachotsedwe zachiwawa chiwawa, pamene khamu sankadziwa chimene iye akufuna ndi zimene anafuna, koma amadziwa bwino zimene iye akufuna - alipo andale ndi chikhalidwe ubale chikhalidwe.

Choncho, mu chikumbumtima ndale kudziwa milingo zingapo: wamba, popangidwa ndi zinachitikira moyo, ndi sayansi, ozikidwa pa kuphunzira njira ndale, asayansi chikhalidwe ndi asayansi a ndale panyengo zosiyanasiyana nthawi ndi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kuyambira mugawo ili zigawo tsinde ndi chikumbumtima ndale wamba - a maganizo, nthawi zambiri zochokera maganizo ndi amakonda / sakusangalala ndi ndondomeko zina, ndi maganizo-ongolankhula, kuti aumbike mwa dongosolo la chidziwitso, kuwunika, mfundo, mfundo. maziko maganizo a chikumbumtima misa ndale limachititsa kusintha ndi moyenera, misa, koma kuwonjezera mlingo wa chitukuko cha ndale chikhalidwe angalepheretse mpheto amenewa ndi masewera mu populism.