Munthu chitukuko cha chamoyo. ndondomeko Features

Munthu chitukuko cha zamoyo - mndandanda wa njira kwachilengedwenso chopatsa maselo kukula ndi kusintha pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo. Ambiri amavomereza sayansi dzina - ontogeny. ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kuwayang'anira, kudziwa magawo chachikulu ndi makhalidwe a nthawi iliyonse, chizindikiritso cha dongosolo, komanso kusanthula kusintha ndi chizindikiritso cha zinthu zimene zingachititse kusintha.

Munthu chitukuko cha chamoyo a anthu osati anthu komanso zamoyo zonse ndi zomera. Magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko ndi:

• Predzarodyshevoe chitukuko (nyongolosi mzere).
• Akalandire chithandizo nthawi chitukuko (chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo yoyenera, embryogenesis).
• Postnatal (pambuyo chitukuko kubadwa: kukula, kunenepa kwambiri, n'kubadwanso, zosiyanasiyana).
• Gerontology nthawi (okalamba).
• Imfa ya thupi (monga gawo osiyana mu ontogeny kufa osati pa zokha, koma aliyense chitukuko munthu yamapeto anali iyeyo).

Taganizirani chitukuko munthu wa zomera za chamoyo m'nkhani ino yaing'ono ife sadzatero, ndipo idzafotokoza pafupi chitukuko la dziko nyama. Magawo chitukuko, monga tanenera kale, munthu sasintha ndi zogwirizana ndi iwo amene akhala tatchulazi.

Gametogenesis anthu tichipeza zigawo ziwiri: spermatogenesis (kusasitsa maselo wamwamuna nyongolosi - umuna) ndi oogenesis (kusasitsa wa gametes wamkazi - mazira). Umuna n'chotheka mu chikhalidwe maselo okhwima kugonana mbewa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Mu chochitika cha kuvutika mu umuna ungadzakhazikitsidwe zamoyo - chimeras, ena ndi yotheka kwambiri.

Embryogenesis munthu - imodzi yofunika kwambiri magawo. Iwo lagawidwa ndi siteji koyamba (0 - 1 sabata pambuyo umuna), makamaka nyongolosi siteji (2 - 8 masabata) ndi yoopsa kapena yoopsa siteji (9 sabata - kubadwa). Kuti ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri anapanga nthawi imeneyi, thupi inakhazikitsa, angasonyeze okha kapena kuvutika ena chibadwa.

Kukula munthu wa chamoyo mu nthawi postnatal ndi kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha ziwalo, kukula kukula ndi kulemera, kupeza ntchito yatsopano maganizo, kusintha ntchito galimoto ndi chitukuko cha zamoyo zina. Postnatal nyengo - zofunika kwambiri chitukuko cha munthu watsopano. m'litali ndi 17 zaka (chibadwire kuti unyamata). Pa chitukuko munthu wa chamoyo nthawi imeneyi bwanji mbali osati chifukwa cha chibadwa, komanso mavuto amaganizo ndi chikhalidwe. Anapanga chikumbumtima, kulankhula, maganizo ndi njira zina za ntchito apamwamba mantha. Pakutha nthawi imeneyi, anthu atsopano, amamuchititsa kubwera ndi gametogenesis wathunthu.

Kukalamba - siteji ya kuvunda, wakuta chuma cha thupi. Sizingasinthe msokonezo m'zipinda mitsempha, nembanemba myelin, amachepetsa khalidwe la masomphenya ndi kumva, "zisathe" ziwalo zofunika kwambiri, kusintha khungu, anataya ntchito ya kubereka ndi minofu kusinthika kubweza zikuchepa, etc.