Mphamvu zotanuka

Mu chikhalidwe, onse cholukanalukana ndi kucheza mosalekeza ndi mzake. Chiwalo chilichonse, aliyense chigawo ndi mchitidwe nthawi zonse poyera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu.

Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha asilikali mu chikhalidwe ndi mokwanira lalikulu, onse a iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu inayi:

1. Chikhalidwe cha mphamvu yokoka.

2. chikhalidwe cha mphamvu mu atomu.

3. Mphamvu ya mtundu wamphamvu.

4. Mphamvu ya mtundu ofooka.

mphamvu yokoka kuoneka bwino bwino kokha lonse kwa chilengedwe ndi. mu atomu mphamvu zonse m'chilengedwe - mphamvu zichitike mogwirizana kwa particles ndi wina milandu magetsi.

Zotanuka mphamvu - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa magulu zofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Pamene thupi aliyense pansi pa ndondomeko mapindikidwe, mkati mwa izo pali mphamvu inayake, umene uli wofanana ndi mphamvu ya mapindikidwe, koma ndi chizindikiro zosiyana. Mphamvu ndinapirira osiyana ndi mapindikidwe wa thupi. mitundu yake ndi kwamakokedwe mphamvu, pansi anachita mphamvu.

Mu sayansi, pali chinthu monga mapindikidwe zotanuka. Zotanuka mapindikidwe - ndi mapindikidwe ndi chodabwitsa chimene Mwamsanga pambuyo mphamvu kunja Kusiya kuchita. Pambuyo mapindikidwe thupi amatenga mawonekedwe wapachiyambi. Choncho, mphamvu zotanuka tanthauzo limanena kuti kumachitika m'thupi pambuyo mapindikidwe zotanuka ndi mphamvu zogonjetsera mavutowo. Angathe mphamvu, kapena mphamvu ndiwofatsa - ndi mphamvu lili ntchito yake osati kudalira njira yodutsamo ake, koma pa poyambira ndi kutha mfundo mphamvu ntchito. Ntchito ndiwofatsa kapena ndiwofatsa mphamvu pamodzi ndi njira chatsekedwa ndi ziro.

Tikhoza kunena kuti mphamvu zotanuka cha chikhalidwe mu atomu. mphamvu akhoza pafupifupi monga macroscopic chiwonetsero cha zimene zimachitika pakati pa mamolekyulu wa chinthu kapena thupi. Mulimonsemo limene pali mwina compressive kapena kwamakokedwe thupi, izo kuwonetsera mphamvu zotanuka. Iwo ukuperekedwa magulu kubala mapindikidwe malangizo ndi wotsutsa ku kusamutsidwa kwa particles thupi ndi perpendicular kwa mapindikidwe thupi pamwamba likufa. Komanso, mphamvu vekitala imatsogoleredwa mbali zosiyana ndi mapindikidwe wa thupi (kusamuka kwa mamolekyulu ake).

The mawerengedwe mfundo za mphamvu zotanuka kwaiye mapindikidwe mu thupi, limapezeka mwa lamulo Hooke. Malinga ndi iye, mphamvu kasupe ndi wofanana ndi mankhwala a stiffness za thupi kusintha koyefishienti wa mapindikidwe wa thupi. Malinga ndi malamulo Hooke akupezeka pamene mapindikidwe zina za thupi kapena thunthu zotanuka mphamvu mwachindunji njila kwa elongation wa thupi, ndipo imatsogoleredwa mu zosiyana malangizo omwe particles imakhudzidwa wachibale kwa ena thupi pa nthawi ya tinthu mapindikidwe.

chinthu chimodzimodzi index ena thupi kapena njila koyefishienti zimadalira kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thupi. Komanso stiffness zimatengera kufanana ndi zojambula ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. Mokhudzana ndi mphamvu zotanuka pali chinthu monga nkhawa makina. mavuto amenewa ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu elasticity gawo pa malo wagawo pa mfundo anapatsidwa gawo pansi kulingalira. Ngati kucheza ndi lamulo Hooke mtundu wa maganizo, izo lidzalira mawu osiyana pang'ono. Voteji makina mtundu umene umachitika mthupi pa mapindikidwe ake, nthawi zonse molingana ndi elongation za thupi. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti zotsatira za chilamulo Hooke malire ndi deformations yaing'ono. Pali malire kwa kupsyinjika imene lamulo umayendetsedwera. Ngati iwo adzakhala kuposa, mphamvu zotanuka kuchita masamu pa mitunduyi zovuta, kaya malamulo Hooke.