Ontogenesis wa munthu. Kufotokoza mwa chidule. The ontogeny wa mantha dongosolo anthu

The ontogeny wa munthu ndi njira ya chitukuko cha munthu kuchokera pamene lingaliro mpaka imfa. Makhalidwe chachikulu ndi zogwirizana kwambiri Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe masinthidwe makamaka kumatanthauza aliyense siteji.

Lingaliro la "ontogeny" anali koyamba ndi Haeckel (German zamoyo) mu 1866. oimira osiyanasiyana pa dziko nyama chibadidwe chitukuko chosiyana. Choncho, ontogenesis tizilombo larval mtundu amapezeka anatsatira metamorphosis. Nyama, mazira-atagona, chitukuko munthu limapezeka ambiri mazira anayakira chilengedwe kunja. nyama Placental, munthuyo angathe kuyamba utero. Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko ndi kugawidwa m'mbali zitatu: postembryonic, embryonic, proembrionalny.

Last yodziwika ndi mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa maselo chiwalo chachimuna ndi chachikazi - gametes, amene anapanga pa confluence a dzira.

Ontogeny pa embryonic anthu (embryonic) nthawi imakhala ndi mapazi a mwana wosabadwayo ndi mwana wosabadwayo.

Postnatal nthawi lidzayamba pambuyo chilolezo kubadwa. Siteji imeneyi imatenga moyo, kutsiriza ndi imfa. Postnatal ontogeny anthu ogaŵikana zaka sitepe. Nthaŵi iliyonse siteji, thupi amaloŵamo anatomical ake ndi kusintha thupi. Akatswiri amanena kwambiri mosavuta komanso yovuta nthawi ndi kusintha (nthawi ya kutha kwa ntchito kugonana), ndi unyamata (msinkhu siteji). Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa ontogenesis anthu.

Magawo oyambirira a moyo yoopsa amakhala ndi kubadwa kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo. The ontogeny wa wamanjenje dongosolo anthu ndipo akupitiriza pa zaka woyamba atabadwa.

The dorsal magawano mbale aumbike mwa mwana wosabadwayo lapansi. Kenako, poyambira ubongo, ndipo kenako - chubu ubongo.

Pakuti sabata Ndisanaumbidwe yodziwika thickening pang'ono chubu mu dipatimenti m'kamwa. atatu ubongo chikhodzodzo (chachikulu) popangidwa ndi mlungu wachitatu m'dera mutu: kumbuyo, wapakatikati, Front. Awa, mbali yaikulu ya ubongo (diamondi woboola pakati, pakati, mapeto). Kenako, pali kugawanika mu pomveka awiri (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo). Kuyambira anapanga komaliza ubongo ndi pakati (subcortical).

Ndi mwezi wachitatu wa chitukuko embryonic ayamba kuzindikira mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chapakati mantha dongosolo. Zikuphatikizapo hemispheres oziziritsa, ventricles ubongo, thunthu, ndi msana. Ndi mwezi wachisanu allocated mu kotekisi (hemispheres) chachikulu grooves. masabata anayi pambuyo anatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa (zinchito chikhalidwe) mbali zapamwamba tsinde-msana.

Maselo mitsempha ya Ndisanaumbidwe ndi akhanda imakonzedwa kuikapo maganizo pa nkhani woyera ndi pamwamba hemispheric. Chifukwa chodziwa pamwamba akuyamba Kusamuka kwa maselo pa nkhani imvi.

Poyerekeza ndi akulu, wobadwa kumene pa occipital hemispheres Lobe kotekisi ali ndi kukula ndi lalikulu. The ontogeny wa anthu mu oyambirira asanu - zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pa kubadwa ali ndi kulunjika ena. Nthawi imeneyi, kusintha kwambiri mu malo mtunda, kuumba ndi chiwerengero cha convolutions hemispheric. Fifitini - sikisitini taonera zina zofanana ndi akulu.

Pakuti postnatal nthawi khalidwe la kusintha mu chingwe msana. akhanda A ndi wautali kuposa munthu wamkulu. Chingwe msana limakula kwa pafupi zaka makumi awiri.

Atabadwa mantha dongosolo myelinated (filimu-lokutidwa) sikokwanira, malo mitsempha CHIKWANGWANI mitolo zoumbika mosiyanasiyana, ndipo iwo (matabwa) n'zochepa.

Kugwira ntchito mantha dongosolo vegetative kumayamba munthu chibadwire. Mu nthawi ya postpartum kuphatikiza limatchula mfundo munthu ndi mapangidwe tangles ubongo dongosolo chisoni.