Nawo zamalamulo wa

Poganizira nkhani zamalamulo a modernity mwa wina wa khalidwe la malamulo, makamaka olemba buku, aphunzitsi, ndi madokotala kukumbukira kumene, dongosolo ndi malo kukhala pa Msikiti dziko. Ie Limafotokoza osati mbali ya dongosolo Russian malamulo, koma kachitidwe m'mayiko munthu wa Dziko Lapansi.

Pakali pano, tingasiyanitsire awiri ena machitidwe mmene kupikisana. Iwo anali mtima kwambiri, zotchipa komanso ambiri: ndi Romano-Germany ndi achingelezi. Nthawi zina pamodzi ndi iwo ndipo anaitana zokomera onse, koma azambiriyakale ambiri amanena kuti ndi dongosolo chikhalidwe ndi gawo Transitional ku dongosolo wina ndi mzake.

The zamalamulo a modernity alinso minuses, ena pluses. Nthawi zina woyamba kuposa otsiriza. Ndipo wina ndi dongosolo lomwelo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana tingathe kukulitsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kulemekeza zinthu zina dongosolo mwamsanga ndi anthu ena pang'onopang'ono.

Aliyense dongosolo zikuphatikizapo, monga zinthu zosiyana, osati machitidwe, njira pravoosuschestvleniya, komanso kuzindikira malamulo a nzika. Kufanana pakati pa zinthu munthu chabe ndi kulola dongosolo kuti monga ena "banja mwalamulo".

Kumene, kachitidwe kamakono malamulo ndi mbali ya mtundu wawo ndi mbiri yakale. Tingaone zimenezi ngakhale pa dzina la zoyambitsa malamulo "Mabanja".

dongosolo chokhala

lamulo Russian amatchedwa "banja" Romano-Germany kapena chokhala (monga patchedwa) dongosolo. Iwo amagawira chomwecho yodalirika maiko a ku Ulaya, Japan, Latin America ndi China (mu gawo). Mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo ndi Kuzindikila ufulu inviolable anthu (constitution) ndipo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka udindo kwa nzika za dziko lawo. Bukuli lili pa postulates Roma cha Ufulu, komanso kusinthidwa mu mayunivesite European. Ulamuliro wa lamulo lokhazikitsidwa ndi mndandanda wa zizindikiro, koma ali malamulo mphamvu kwambiri ya malamulo. Linamangidwa ofotokoza ndi kusintha malamulo onse mu dziko, chifukwa lili ndi ufulu wa nzika ngati mtengo wapamwamba wa boma. Kufanana kwa malamulo, pali ena chokhala ndi malamulo mayiko system (mwachitsanzo, Chigamulo Cha Ufulu ku European Union).

Mbali yachiwiri ya "banja" - kulekana kwa chikhalidwe ndi oziyimila paokha (anayambitsa mfundo oyang'anira tauni ndi chuma payekha). Si chinsinsi kuti pali zochitika pamene anthu ndi zofuna za munthu ndi zogwirizana kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi zambiri lamulo kutanthauziridwa mu mtima am'deramo ndi kuti athandize nzika ya. Koma kachitidwe milandu limakupatsani kuwerenga, kuthetsa nkhani iliyonse ndipo ngati n'koyenera, kusintha kwa zizindikiro za Akuluakulu a ku Russia: onse (monga wamba) ndi wapadera (nyumba, banja, etc.).

Inde, malamulo machitidwe a dziko anali bwino: panali malamulo pa nzeru katundu ndi ena, amene sanali pachiyambi.

Dongosolo achingelezi

dongosolo lina wamba ndi achingelezi: United States ndi ku Britain Commonwealth (Great Britain, mosiyana ndi m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya, Canada, New Zealand, Nigeria, Australia ndi ena). Maziko a dongosolo anakhazikitsa dongosolo boma la ankawalamulira: ndi centralization mphamvu. Kusintha, dongosolo achingelezi wakhala kuwonjezekeredwa chinthu chachikulu - chilungamo. Kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi chikumbumtima - mfundo zimenezi, zikuoneka, akhoza kuthetsa vuto lalikulu la dongosolo chokhala - kusakhutira ndi maphwando, chifukwa chosiyana kumasulira lamulo. Mfundo chomveka lero: pamene lamulo ndi mphamvu ntchito chilungamo (kachiwiri malinga ndi mfundo zotengera malingaliridwe a maganizo a khoti) miyeso. Koma ndi kulemekeza chuma payekha, Gona contractual, chilango milandu. Ndipo kokha pamaziko a mfundo wamba malamulo.

Lingaliro la pawekha dongosolo achingelezi ndi okulira kwambiri, motero ochepa kusiyana pakati pa nzika. Mwachitsanzo, mu payekha ndi ufulu wa makampani onse ndi anthu (mfundo yonena za chilungamo "kumeneko").

Choncho, mbiri olemekezeka zamalamulo wa pano n'kosiyana m'njira kukumana waukulu ufulu wa anthu. Ndipo monga chilungamo amakwanitsa cholinga - n'zovuta adzaweruza amoyo zokha pa kachitidwe kamodzi, osati anakumana zotsatira za ena.

Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti zamalamulo pano Mwinanso ndi mtundu wina: ndi kutchula mitundu "chopapatiza ' (malamulo Chisilamu, Chiyuda, etc.), ndi padziko lonse (chitsanzo tikhoza kutenga European Union ndi Declaration Lokhudza Ufulu wa Anthu ).