Zinthu zachilengedwe ndi makhalidwe ambiri achilendo European

m'gawo European, limene lili kunja kwa mayiko a CIS kale, zafala monga "Europe lachilendo." Amakhala ndi maiko khumi anayi, zinalumikizana pamodzi ndi gulu ubale mbiri ndi andale. m'gawo zakunja Europe ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 5.4 makilomita lalikulu, ndi anthu - anthu oposa 500 miliyoni. Derali lili mmodzi wa malo a chitukuko dziko, ndipo ukutchulidwa kwambiri mu ndale za dziko. Today tikambirana pa nkhani monga malongosoledwe ambiri a ku Ulaya yachilendo. Kalasi 11 maphunziro kumafuna kulingalira nkhaniyi. Tiyeni tikumbukire zimene tinali kusukulu, ndipo Jambulani nokha zinthu zatsopano!

boma

M'dera kuti tiganizire lero, kuyambira pa 5000 kukafika kumpoto chakum'mwera 3,000 kukafika kumadzulo kum'mawa. Mwa mayiko a ku Ulaya, pali lalikulu ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe, koma iwo ali otsika mu unyinji. Mwachitsanzo, pali nthabwala kuti popeza kukhomera Belgium, muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi kupitiriza nagawa, mwinamwake ukhoza kuitana mu State wina. Fast sitima kudutsa dziko mu mphindi 140 zokha. Chonchi m'mayiko Europe kwambiri. Ndichifukwa chake ambiri mwa iwo palibe chinthu choterocho monga wogona ndi.

Amasonyeza ikulongosola ambiri a kumayiko ena a ku Ulaya, iwo ali, mwa mawu a mmene chuma chikuyendera komanso malo, ndi mbali ziwiri. The woyamba - m'mayiko ena malo. Yaing'ono (ndi kulankhula, kumene) kukula kwa dera ndiponso yaing'ono "kuya" limati ndi dongosolo okhazikika bwino limasonyeza zoyendera. Mbali yachiwiri - chiwerengero cha waukulu mwanyanja malo ku Ulaya. Ambiri a iwo lili madzi lotanganidwa. Moyo wa mayiko monga England, Netherlands, Denmark, Iceland, Portugal, Norway, Italy ndi Greece, kuyambira kale kumagwirizana kunyanja.

Kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri mapu ndale ku Ulaya lasintha kwambiri katatu: pambuyo Choyamba ndi Chachiwiri World nkhondo, komanso kumapeto kwa 90s lapansi. Today mu Europe angapezeke mabwalo a kunja, lachifumu ndipo limati unitary ndi boma.

Nature ndi Resources

Industrial Europe yachilendo analengedwa mchikakamizo cha prerequisites zachilengedwe, ndicho zikuchokera mchere. Mu kumpoto (nsanja) ndi kum'mwera (apangidwe) mbali ya dera ndi osiyana. Mbali kumpoto wolemera miyala ndi mafuta, malasha. Waukulu mabeseni mwala-khala ndi Ruhr (Germany) ndi Upper Silesia (Poland). Pakati mafuta ndi gasi maiwe ndi kupereka Nyanja North. Ndipo mwa chitsulo - Pool Kiruna (Sweden) ndi Lorraine (France).

Kum'mwera kwa dera wolemera madipoziti miyala chiyambi magmatic ndi nyanja. Koma nkhokwe chuma mafuta, palibe wamkulu monga kumpoto kwa Ulaya.

General maonekedwe a Europe zakunja mawu a mphamvu limasonyeza kuti zinthu zake ali bulky kwambiri, koma amapezeka makamaka m'madera phiri, akuti: Alpine, Masewerera a Nordic ndi Dinaric. Mu kwambiri a mayiko, chuma pafupifupi wotopa. Chikhalidwe cha dera limachititsa kuti ulimi mwachangu. The vutolo - kupanda dziko. Small limati m'mphepete mwa nyanja mukulimbana ndi izo, kuwonjezera kwa nyanja. Mwachitsanzo, magawo atatu a dera la Netherlands anali 'agonjetsa' mwa nyanja mothandizidwa ndi madamu. Anthu akumeneko pankhaniyi kuti: ". Mulungu analenga dziko lapansi, ndi Dutch - Netherlands" Izi ndi chodziwikiratu kulemba mu chigawo cha buku la "Geography" (11 kalasi). General maonekedwe a Europe yachilendo Komabe sitinganyalanyaze mfundo imeneyi.

Derali lili kotentha ndi subtropical (kum'mwera) mabacteria. M'dera Mediterranean ndi ulimi khola N'zosatheka ulimi wothirira. Kwenikweni zingamvekere Italy ndi Spain. Zinthu zabwino Finland ndi Sweden kudzitama chifukwa nkhalango. Nzosadabwitsa pali mwambi wakuti: ". Finland popanda nkhalango, chimbalangondo opanda tsitsi" Natural ndi zosangalatsa chuma Komanso anapereka ambiri zokwanira.

Tsopano ndi nthawi yoganizira item wotsatira wa kukambirana pa nkhaniyi "General maonekedwe a Europe lachilendo."

Anthu a ku Ulaya yachilendo

National zikuchokera ndi mwachilungamo yunifolomu. Ambiri a mitundu za banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Chipembedzo lalikulu ndi Chikhristu m'derali. Komabe, kum'mwera amadziwikanso anapambutsa Chikatolika, ndi kumpoto - Chipulotesitanti. Europe mayiko ndi chimodzi cha kuli anthu ambiri m'madera a Dziko Lapansi. Anthu kachulukidwe pano anthu oposa 100 pa kilometre lalikulu 1. Kuika imalongosola makamaka madera a anthu. Malinga ndi mlingo wa mizinda Europe komanso tithe mkulu. M'mizinda, anthu pafupifupi pafupifupi 78% ya anthu. Pali m'mayiko chithunzi lino 90%.

Pa zaka zapitazi, chiwerengero Europe anayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Limati 15 pali anthu pansi. Komanso, kusintha kapangidwe kake - kukula Chiwerengero cha anthu okalamba. Zimenezi zinakhudza gawo m'maderawa mu limagwirira lonse cha kusamuka kunja. Pang'onopang'ono Europe yachilendo wayamba kukuchitika wa emigration ntchito. Apa pali anthu pafupifupi 20 miliyoni ogwira ntchito ku mayiko ena. 7 miliyoni a iwo amakhala mu Germany.

General makhalidwe a chuma cha yachilendo European

11 maphunziro kalasi ikufotokoza nkhani zimenezi chabe, ifenso anakhudza iwo mwatsatanetsatane. Ngati dera integral, Europe yachilendo ali ndi dziko wolowa Championship-ang'ono, kukula kwa mafakitale ndi chitukuko cha zokopa alendo. Mphamvu woyamba zachuma m'chigawo apuma pa mayiko monga France, Britain, Italy ndi Germany. Zaka zoposa khumi zapitazi, mtsogoleri wa anai uyu anali Germany, amene chuma mofulumira osauka. "Msonkhano wa dziko" - United Kingdom, anayamba kutenga malo awo. kulemera wamkulu maiko ena ndi: Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Spain ndi Sweden. Iwo, mosiyana ndi "zinayi zofunika" kuganizira mafakitale payekha.

makampani

Nthambi ya atongi wa bizinesi akunja European - makina zomangamanga. Chimachititsa wachitatu kupanga m'maderawa ndi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za zogulitsa kunja. Ndi palibe chinsinsi chimene Europe anatchuka chifukwa magalimoto ake. Choyamba, makina amamuchititsa m'mizinda ikuluikulu, kuphatikizapo likulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, monga ulamuliro, aliyense boma gawo zochokera mu malo ena a boma.

Mu malo wachiwiri ndi makampani mankhwala. bwino kwambiri malangizo amenewa ndi osiyana Germany. Makampani mankhwala m'chigawo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse lolunjika makamaka pa khala (wakuda ndi zofiirira), mchere (tebulo ndi potaziyamu) ndi galasi. Ndiyeno panali reorientation wa makampani chimasanduka. The petrochemicals yaikulu inali mu mitsinje ya khoka, mtsinjewu Elbe, ndi Rhine ndi Rhone. Apa makampani ndi zapiringizana ndi mafuta kupanga.

Natural mafuta ndi mafuta opangidwa ku Nyanja North, amawatumiza ku mayiko osiyana pa yaikulu dongosolo thunthu payipi. Gasi ku Algeria amadutsa mu mathanki dziko zonyamulira. A udindo waukulu ankaimba ndi mpweya Russian, amene adagula m'mayiko 20 European.

Kenako pamlingo wa makampani - chitsulo ndi zitsulo. Inakhalapo pano isanayambe p lapansi. Iron ndi makampani zitsulo kwambiri kwambiri kuyambira mu Germany, England, Spain, France, Czech Republic ndi Poland. A gawo lalikulu komanso zimatengera zotayidwa ndipo sanali akakhala zitsulo. Zotayidwa ndi smelted osati m'mayiko yokhala nkhokwe lalikulu la bauxite, komanso kupanga patsogolo magetsi.

makampani nkhalango ndi anaikira makamaka Finland ndi Sweden, ndipo kuwala - mu kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. Italy ndi dziko lachiwiri ku dziko la kupanga nsapato, pambuyo China. Ndipo Portugal imatengedwa waukulu "zovala" m'chigawochi. M'mayiko ambiri lero zimasungika miyambo national kwa kupanga zida zoimbira, mipando, mankhwala galasi.

ulimi

makhalidwe General wa chuma cha Europe anakhudzidwa ndi achilendo apamwamba tsopano kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane. Ambiri mwa mankhwala okha zokhuza ulimi mu dera kupereka zonse ndi mwachangu akagulitsa kunja. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, dera wasamuka kuchoka ulimi ang'ono-ang'ono kuti apadera mkulu mtengo. The nthambi zikuluzikulu - mbewu ndi ziweto, amafalitsidwa ku Ulaya ndi zogwirizana ndi mzake. zinthu Natural ndi mbiri yakale achititsa mapangidwe mitundu ya ulimi: Masewerera a Nordic, Central European ndi South European.

Masewerera a Nordic ulimi wamba mu Finland, Scandinavia ndi UK. Iye amakhala ndi tima ulimi mkaka, amene serviced mwa mbewu imvi chakudya ndi chakudya mbewu. Mu mtundu chapakati European udindo zofunika ankaimba ndi nyama ndi ng'ombe za mkaka ndi nkhuku.

Kumwera European mtundu wa chibadidwe predominance ulimi. Mbewu ali makamaka amalandira dzinthu, koma specialization mayiko a kum'mwera kwa Ulaya ankaona kuti ulimi wa mphesa, maolivi, zipatso, fodya, mtedza ndi efironosov. Waukulu "munda" wa Europe - gombe Mediterranean. Childs, aliyense chigawo ali specialization chake cha ulimi. Mwachitsanzo, Holland anatchuka chifukwa kulima maluwa, France ndi Switzerland - yopanga tchizi, ndi zina zotero.

zokopa alendo

General maonekedwe a Europe yachilendo simungakhoze kuchita popanda zokopa alendo. Europe anali, ali ndipo adzakhala malo yaikulu ya zokopa alendo padziko lonse. Apa izo anasonyeza mbali zonse. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi France, Italy, Spain, UK ndi mayiko ena akuluakulu. Ndipo m'mayiko yaing'ono monga Andorra, Monaco ndi ena, ntchito zokopa alendo ndi valyutoobrazuyuschey makampani. The mitundu ikuluikulu ya zokopa alendo ku Europe yachilendo - phiri nyanja.

mayendedwe

Lero, ife kupereka mapangidwe ambiri a ku Ulaya achilendo, ndipo n'zosatheka popanda dongosolo zoyendera. Europe ndi otsika kwa zoyendera mtunda America ndi Russia, koma ndi mtsogoleri mu dziko zoyendera maukonde chitetezo. osalimba a magalimoto ndi mkulu. A mbali yaikulu ya mayendedwe a anthu ndi katundu ndi masewero zoyendera msewu. Maukonde njanji limati kwambiri zikukangalika yafupika.

zopezera Land mayendedwe ali kasinthidwe zovuta. mawonekedwe motorway ake meridional ndi malangizo latitudinal lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kufunika lonse. Madzi komanso kwambiri za m'madera amenewa. A udindo wapadera ndi ankaimba ndi mtsinje Rhine. Pa chaka kunyamula matani oposa mamiliyoni mazana awiri katundu. M'madera dziko ndi madzi intersect kuwoloka aliyense amene anatembenuka kenako mu portovopromyshlennye maofesi weniweni. Mwachitsanzo, doko la Rotterdam chaka zombo za miliyoni 350 matani.

Ulaya ndi chitsanzo cha mmene yaikulu zopinga zachilengedwe salinso chotchinga dongosolo zoyendera. Njanji ndi msewu njira, komanso mapaipi kuwoloka Alps pa mbali zonse zofunikira. Kugombe la Baltic, ndi Mediterranean ndi North Sea womangidwa mabwato.

General maonekedwe a Europe achilendo: sayansi ndi ndalama

Ku Ulaya lero pali zazitsulo ambiri, izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu malo dziko la sayansi. Yaikulu ya iwo ili pafupi ndi Munich ndi Cambridge. Ndipo anapanga "zina zamakono msewu" kum'mwera kwa France.

Ku Ulaya, pali gawo la mikango za mabanki waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Standard banki anali Switzerland. Mu anawasema a mabanki ake anali pafupifupi 50% ya sheya pozungulira dziko.

Kuteteza chilengedwe

General maonekedwe a Europe yachilendo zikusonyeza kuti pa m'gawo lake ndi kumveka bwino ndi chitetezo cha chibadwa. Chifukwa osalimba mkulu anthu ndi chitukuko yogwira makampani ku Ulaya kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala akukumana ndi chiwerengero cha mavuto a zachilengedwe. Ena a iwo ali oyanjana ndi m'zigawo ndi processing wa malasha. Ena - chochuluka zomera petrochemical ndi zitsulo m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Ena - ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'misewu. Chachinayi - ndi kukula kwa ntchito zokopa alendo, imbaenda kuwononga chilengedwe. Ndi zina zotero.

Mayiko onse m'chigawo akhala akugwira ntchito ndondomeko chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha Kuchita zinthu zambiri kwambiri: Kukwezeleza njinga ndi magalimoto magetsi, ndi yogwira kukonzanso zomera ndi zina zotero.

Pomaliza

Masiku ano, kukambirana za lathu linali khalidwe ambiri a ku Ulaya yachilendo. 11 kalasi - nthawi pamene sukulu imagwera pa mapewa a wolemetsa chachikulu, chotero zinthu zambiri chikhazikitso iwo amasiyidwa. Timakumbutsidwa zonse kuti mwina wawaiwala, ndi kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano pa "Kaperekedwe General wa Europe lachilendo." Kupereka (kalasi 11) mothandizidwa ndi nkhaniyi ntchito yosavuta kwa wophunzira aliyense.