Ndi sodium silicate

Silicates (kuchokera ku mawu Latin "silex" likumasuliridwa kuti "miyala") amatchedwa metasilicic mchere H2SiO3. Mwachitsanzo, sodium silicate, amene mankhwala chilinganizo kwalembedwa motere: Na2SiO3. dzina lina mchere - ndi sodium metasilicate. Molar Unyinji wa thunthu liri 122,06 g / mol. Maonekedwe - woyera opaque timibulu kukhala kum'chitira Kamaoneka. Kachulukidwe ndi wofanana ndi 2.4 g / cm3. Chiyero ndi khalidwe la index refractive, lomwe liri 1,52. Limatsogolera mfundo - kuphatikiza 1088 ° C. thunthu ndi sungunuka m'madzi ndi insoluble mowa. The kuchepetsa amadzimadzi yothetsera ali wapadera katundu: izo adalowetsedwa mazira mwatsopano akhoza kusungidwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi firiji. Sodium silicate wosasunthika pa TV ndale zamchere, ndi asidi anion SiO3- amachitira ndi cations H + kupanga asidi silicic.

Silika (wochedwanso silika kapena silicic anhydride) ndi pawiri khola ambiri amene amapezeka mwachibadwa mu mawonekedwe a khwatsi. Chimachititsa 12% ya unyinji wa kutumphuka dziko lapansi. Silika zakhudzana ndi zosafunika ndi mchenga wamba, amene anapanga ndi chiwonongeko cha thanthwe. Mu zochita za soda pa silika mankhwala anachita: NaOH + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + H2O. Chifukwa, ndi silicic asidi mchere - ndi sodium silicate. Hydrolysis za mchere (kuwonongeka ndi madzi) motere chiwembu: 2Na2SiO3 + H2O → Na2SiO5 + 2NaOH , ndi sodium wochuluka dvumetasilikat anapanga. Ndi kuchepa mu ndende ya njira, hydrolysis amapezeka kwambiri. Mu 1N. hydrolyzed yankho la 14% mchere mu 0.1N. - 28% kuti 0,001% - 32%. Hydrolysis wa dvumetasilikata ndi sodium kale umayenda ofooka.

Sodium silicate aumbike mwa mogwirizana kwa pakachitsulo soda ndi: Si + H2O + 2NaOH → Na2SiO3 + 2H2. anachita chotero kumachitika ndi alkalies wofooka, ndi mosavuta ndi madzi pamaso pa ngakhale zazing'ono kuchuluka kwa OH- anions kuda chokwanira cha soda yotengedwa galasi. Popeza metasilicate ndi sodium anapanga ndi mchere wa asidi ofooka metasilicic, mu kuchepetsa njira ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu hydrolyzed, anthu ambiri OH- ayoni si kuchepa pamene anachita, kotero izo zifika mpaka kuwonongeka kwa madzi pakachitsulo. Yatsopano kuda chothandizira soda. Kuchokera 0,63 makilogalamu pakachitsulo mwanjira imeneyi analandira 1 M3 a hayidirojeni, pamene chitsulo amafuna pafupifupi nthaŵi 4 zambiri.

Makampani, sukulu zosiyanasiyana ndi sodium silicate, yodziwika ndi chiŵerengero cha SiO2 ndi Na2O. Iwo akhoza zimasiyana 2: 1 kuti 3,75: 1. Cultivars ndi chiŵerengero cha 2,85: 1 ndi pansi amaonedwa zofunika. Anthu ndi chiŵerengero apamwamba yodziwika monga "mbali." Sodium silicate mu mawonekedwe njira amadzimadzi anaikira ndi madzi kapena sungunuka galasi. Koma pamodzi ndi Na2SiO3 pa galasi pano madzi ndi silicates ena sodium, Komabe ake zikuchokera mwachizolowezi anafotokoza mfundo, zomwe ndiyopenekela, Na2O • nSiO2, mmene N = 2 ÷ 4. Kupha mwapang'onopang'ono SiO2 (zambiri pa yosungirako yaitali) akutitsogolera kuti Chifunga kapena waterglass kuti kutembenuka zina gelatinous misa. Choncho, mu zasayansi izo umachitika mu zotengera, anatseka ndi sankafuna labala, monga yokhudza kotekisi kapena galasi m'khosi ndodo.

Sodium silicate ntchito yopanga detergent ufa. Kupanga pachaka galasi chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula masauzande matani. Izo ntchito kulimbikitsa nthaka pa zomangamanga (mwachitsanzo, simenti pansi screed chitetezo kumva kuwawa), komanso reagents ena, monga tripolyphosphate sodium, ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri (salt onse, mwachitsanzo, ntchito olimbikitsa madzi). Impregnation Na2SiO3 misewu galimoto konkire kwambiri kumachepetsa avale awo.

nkhuni kapena zipangizo zina kuti adziteteze ku moto (mwachitsanzo, nyumba kapena zokongola ed). Nthawi zambiri umakhala maziko kupanga refractory kapena pepala ulimbo. Zambiri zikuchokera putty oyenera kogwirizana zadothi ndi galasi. Iwo akhoza kukhala okonzekera mwa kusakaniza (ku mtanda kugwirizana) choko ndi galasi madzi. osakaniza mofulumira ikamauma ndi kutembenukira woyera, ndi thanthwe kwambiri.

Simenti, wothira galasi madzi, kupanga kudya kuumitsa putty, amene ntchito miyala kogwirizana. A chisakanizo cha ndi sodium silicate ndi utuchi ntchito kudzaza danga pakati pa makoma awiri ena safes. Izi zimapangitsa iwo zambiri zosagwira moto, ndipo akutumikira monga chitetezo zina ndi kutsegula mwa acetylene muuni chifukwa utsi olemera ndi kudzipheralo Alamu.