Kodi milu? kusanthula zambiri

Nkhaniyi limafotokozera chimene zinyalala milu, chifukwa zinthu zina iwo anapanga, zimene njira zidzachitika ndi momwe iwo ikhoza kukhala yoopsa.

makampani

Ngakhale Kale makolo athu anaona kuti m'chikondi cha dziko lapansi anaikira Unyinji wa zakudya zina. Chifukwa zovuta za kupanga kapena alibe chidziwitso cha chitukuko yaikulu linayamba patatha zaka zambiri, koma mu malo oyamba anthu nthawi zonse chidwi zitsulo, mwachizolowezi, waulemu. Kwa nthawi yaitali unakhalabe mkuwa waukulu ndipo kenako yamkuwa (mkuwa ndi tini aloyi), koma kwenikweni mafakitale zisinthe pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX anakwanitsa bwinobwino kupanga lonse zitsulo.

Kuwonjezera pa zitsulo matumbo a dziko lapansi anaikira ndi zinthu zina zothandiza, monga malasha, yomwe yakhala kale chilichonse sizikugwirizana chuma, ndipo kokha pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX anayamba kupanga yake imapita lonse. Ndipo ntchito kuphatikizapo kusungunuka chitsulo miyala. Tingafinye m'njira zosiyanasiyana: monga quarries womasuka ndi migodi. Koma m'kati kupanga onse khala ndi mchere zonse umabala kwambiri miyala kanthu ndi achabechabe kuti muyenera kuchita chinachake. Ndi chifukwa chake ndi milu analandira. Choncho kodi milu? Mu izi ife adzamvetsa.

tanthauzo

Kuyamba, tiyeni kuthana ndi terminology lapansi. Mawu "zinyalala mulu" ali mizu French: terri - thanthwe zonyasa, conique - conical.

Zinyalala mulu - izo miyala tsamba, zomwe kawirikawiri ali ndi mawonekedwe conical. makulidwe awo kapena ochepa kapena kufika msinkhu wa mamita khumi. Iwo akhoza kuoneka ngati mapiri ang'onoang'ono (makamaka ngati ili pafupi ndi kupanga unyolo, ndipo chifukwa cha zaka zawo ndi zomera). Choncho kodi milu?

Mu ndondomeko ya migodi ya malasha, mchere kapena zinthu zina amabala kwambiri zinyalala zakuthupi, amene ayenera kuikidwa kwinakwake. Kutula pafupi migodi ndi chitukuko ndi osathandiza, monga iwo mwamsanga kuwonjezera kukula. Chifukwa amachoka pamalo padela. Pang'onopang'ono, ndi kuchuluka kukula, katundu zina miyala pamwamba pa mulu zinyalala amakhala mabvuto, ndi zinyalala mulu umakhala malo atsopano. Kotero ife anachitira ndi mfundo zimenezi milu zinyalala.

m'mphepete milu

Milu angapezeke mu gawo lirilonse la dziko, koma, ndithudi, iwo makamaka wamba kumene imachitika migodi kwambiri. Ngati ife kulankhula za danga pambuyo Union, odziwika bwino kwambiri m'mphepete milu - izo Donbass Donetsk khala beseni, limene lili mu kum'mawa kwa Ukraine.

Ngati tingayerekezere kuti milu onse, iwo akhoza oposa zana, iwo zili kulikonse ndipo ngati kukopa derali, khadi bizinesi. The wamkulu kuposa zaka zana, ndipo iwo anaonekera mu masiku pamene m'munsi mwa nkhokwe khala m'chigawo kokha ikupita patsogolo, ndipo ankatchedwa Donetsk Yuzivka (dzina Dzhona Yuza, ndi industrialist, amene anayamba kusindikiza malasha). Kotero tsopano ife tikudziwa kuti milu zoterozo mu madera.

mitundu

Milu akhoza kugawidwa mu chakale ndi achinyamata, anthu amene adakali "kukula", kuwonjezera magawo atsopano thanthwe zinyalala. Zowoneka kusiyanitsa pakati pawo zapamwamba: ngakhale kuyang'ana akale lolemererapo kapangidwe ndi zambiri squat. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kawirikawiri kukula zomera zosiyanasiyana. Mwa njira, osati udzu, komanso mitengo, amangoona mthethe, popeza ali wodzichepetsa kwambiri kuti zili zinthu m'nthaka. Kotero tsopano ife kudziwa zimene milu, tanthauzo la mawu ndi mitundu.

kuopsa

Nthawiyi, milu muli ngozi. Zingatanthauze kuti zimene zingasokoneze wosalakwa phiri zimasokoneza? Koma sikuti onse kotero duwa. Kumene, kuwonongeka monga iwo ntchito, mwinamwake iwo sakanati anamangidwira umakhala pafupi ndi nyumba, koma pali nthawi zonse anthu amene asankha okha kufufuza opangidwa mapiri. Mwa njira, mapiri awo amatchedwa sikunapite pachabe - ena kutalika chidwi ndi kupanga weniweni, ngakhale ang'ono, koma ranges phiri, ndi cornices awo, ledges ndi maphompho. Koma kodi ngozi?

njira zonse malonda kuti chichitike mu kuya kwa milu ya. Popanda kupita malongosoledwe a zochita zambiri mankhwala, kuya kwa izi "otentha" chifukwa kuthamanga ena zinthu kuyamba kuwola ndi umuna wa mpweya woipa. Komabe, maganizo awo ndi otsika zokwanira kuwononga anaima, koma ngati yaitali ndipo nthawi pampando milu zinyalala ndi kupuma iwo - kanthu wabwino sanamalize. Komanso pa nthawi, chifukwa voids chivundi kumene anthu ambiri amalephera.

Koma si zonse zoipa, ndipo si onse ndi oopsa zinyalala milu. Mwachitsanzo, wakale, amene anapanga kale wokutidwa ndi zomera ndi mitengo, wotetezeka, ndi n'zotheka kupita popanda kuopseza kugwera matumbo moto.

Apa ife kuthana ndi chakuti milu ngati zinyalala. Kalasi 4 pulayimale sukulu - ndendende nthawi pamene maphunziro malo ndi kulankhula za mapiri opangidwa ndi anthu awa.