Chida chachikazi: aneurysm ndi thrombosis. Thromboembolism ya mimba yamkazi

Mitsempha ya chikazi ndi chotengera chachikulu, ntchito yaikulu yomwe imagawira magazi kumadera onse a m'mapazi a pansi, kuchokera ku mchiuno ndi kumapazi. Kumalo amunsi a mimba, zakudya ndi magazi zimayenda pamodzi ndi zida zazing'ono zomwe zimachokera ku mitsempha ya chikazi. Mitundu yonse ya matenda a aortic ingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ntchito zofunika m'munsi, m'mimba ndi m'mimba.

Ali kuti

Mitsempha yotereyi imachokera kumayambiriro a pamwamba pa khoma la chiwindi, kuchokera kumene imakhala pamwamba. Choncho, amatchedwa "zachikazi." Amadutsa m'mayendedwe a maulendo ndi femor fossa. Kumalo ogona pammimba, ili pafupi ndi chiwalo chakunja ndi ma epigastric aorta, chomwe chimapanga chiwerengero cha chikazi chachisanu ndi chikazi komanso chida chachikulu cha ntchafu.

Mitsempha yachiwerewere yapamwamba imayesedwa ngati chotengera chokwanira, chomwe chimapereka magazi kumapeto kwenikweni, ziwalo zoberekera zakunja, ndi nthenda za inguinal. Mapangidwe ake ofanana ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu onse, kupatula kusiyana kozindikira. Kuti mudziwe kumene chikhalidwe cha chikazi chiripo, muyenera kuchiyang'ana kumtunda kwa chipinda cham'mimba - kuchokera pamenepo chimachoka panja. M'derali, sitimayo imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuntchito.

Aneurysm

Aorta, monga ziwiya zina, zimakhala zosavuta kumvetsa komanso kupanga mapangidwe olakwika. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoterezi zikhoza kudziwika - ndi mimba ya chikazi chachikazi. Izi zowonongeka zimaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri a chotengera ichi. Aneurysm amatanthawuza kutulutsa mitsempha ya pamtunda chifukwa cha kuponda kwawo. Poyang'ana, matendawa amatha kuwoneka ngati mkokomo wodutsa m'ngalawamo. Anerysmm amavomerezedwa bwino m'mbali yamagulu kapena pansi pa bondo, kumene imapangidwira pa chimodzi mwa zida zowonjezera - popliteal aorta.

Izi zowonongeka, monga lamulo, zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi amayi, monga mwa amuna zizindikiro za matenda a chiwerewere cha chikazi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Pali zochepa zochepa zomwe zimawonekera.

Zimayambitsa maonekedwe

Zomwe zimayambira pachilombochi ndizimene zimayambitsa kupopera makoma a mitsempha, monga:

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi);
• Kutengera;
• Zotsatira za phula ndi chikonga pa kusuta;
• Kunenepa;
• Kuvulala;
• Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol;
• Njira yothandizira opaleshoni (kuchoka m'mimba kuchokera kumtambo wa chiwerewere ikhoza kuchitika);
• Chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo.

Kuwombera ndi ntchito nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza ku chomwe chimatchedwa "cholakwika" aneurysm. Pachifukwa ichi, kutupa kwa chotengera chotere sikunadziŵike, ndipo matendawa amavumbulutsidwa ndi chimfine cha hematoma, chozunguliridwa ndi minofu.

Zizindikiro

Kuyamba kwa kusokonezeka kwa wodwala sikungamveke nkomwe, makamaka ndi zochepa zolemba. Komabe, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chotupacho, pangakhale kupweteka kosautsa pamlendo - kumawonjezeka ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Zisonyezero za kuchepa kwa mimba ndizomwe zimapweteka thupi, minofu imfa, komanso kutupa kwa thupi. Zizindikiro zofananazi zimakhudzana ndi kusowa kwa magazi m'mlendo.

Zofufuza

Pofufuza matenda ngati amenewa, kumene ngakhale mitsempha yowonongeka yazimayi ingawonongeke, njira zambiri zofufuzira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito , koma nthawi zina matenda opatsirana amavutsidwe amalimbikitsa. Njira zamagwiritsidwe ka mankhwala ndi: ultrasound, angiography, MRI ndi computed tomography. Kwa labotale: kafukufuku wambiri ndi sayansi yamagetsi a mkodzo ndi magazi. Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro amenewa, dokotala wochita opaleshoni amafunikanso kuonedwa.

Thandizo

Ngakhale njira yokhayo yothandizira odwala matendawa ndi opaleshoni. Malingana ndi kuvutika kwa matenda komanso mavuto omwe angakhalepo panthawi ya opaleshoni, imodzi mwa njirazi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito: kuthamanga kwa chotengera, ma prosthetics. Palinso mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito njira yowopsya, imene imawoneka kuti yosavuta kwa wodwalayo. Ngati pali vuto lovuta kwambiri, limabweretsa minofu yochuluka ya necrosis, ndipo kuchotsa phazi n'kofunika .

Zotsatira

Zovuta nthawi zambiri zimakhala maonekedwe a thrombi mu chotengera, chifukwa cha thromboembolism ya mitsempha ya chikazi ingawonekere. Kuonjezera apo, maonekedwe a magazi amatha kuwalowetsa m'zitsulo za ubongo, chifukwa chaichi amachotsedwa, ndipo izi zidzangowonjezera mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Aneurysm rupture zimachitika nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri pali embolism kapena chimfine cha phazi.

Ngati matendawa apangidwa m'nthaŵi, ndiye kuti chitukuko cha vutoli chikhoza kutetezedwa, komabe, ngati vutoli layamba, zotsatira zake zikhoza kukhala ngati kuchotsa phazi kapena imfa ya wodwalayo. Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale ndi zifukwa zochepa za matenda, muyenera kupyolera muzofunikira.

Thrombosis

Matendawa (omwe amatchedwanso thromboembolism) ndi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osavuta. Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi hematoma particles, mafuta emboli, komanso atherosclerotic plaques, odwala poyamba samasintha. Ndipo pokhapokha ndi chombo chofunika kwambiri cha chotengera, zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera. Pogwiritsa ntchito chombocho mofulumira, wodwala amakhala ndi vuto, lomwe m'tsogolomu likhoza kuchititsa minofu ya necrosis, kudula mwendo kapena imfa.

Zizindikiro zachipatala

Thromboembolism, yomwe imakhala yotsekedwa kwambiri, imawoneka ndi kuwonjezeka kochepa mu ululu mwendo - izi zimawonekeratu pamene mukuyenda kapena kuchita zosiyana. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwakukulu mu chotengera, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi a mwendo, kutayika kwa minofu yake. Pamodzi ndi izi, kuti lipititse patsogolo kuyendayenda kwa magazi, chotengera choyamba chimayamba kufalikira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi pa malo omwe thrombus inachokera.

Pambuyo poyang'ana phazi, phokoso la khungu lake limadziwika, kutentha kumachepetsa (amamva bwino kwambiri). Kumvetsetsa kwa gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi thupi, kumene mchere umatuluka (chachikazi) imachepetsedwa. Malingana ndi mapangidwe a zosokonekera, kutuluka kwa zombozi kumatha kumveka bwinobwino kapena kusamvekanso konse.

Zofufuza

Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira. Mapulogalamu ndi oscillography amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Komabe, arteriography amaonedwa kuti ndiyo njira yophunzitsira yothandiza kwambiri, yomwe imathandiza kuti mudziwe bwino malo omwe amachitiramo mankhwalawa, komanso momwe mungapangire chombocho. Malangizo a kafukufuku woterewa amaperekedwa mukamafufuza zizindikiro ngati izi: Tsamba lofiira kapena lopanda phazi, kusowa kukhudzidwa, kupweteka panthawi yamtendere. Timalimbikitsanso kuyendera dokotala wochita opaleshoni yemwe angakambirane za momwe umaliseche wa chikazi uliri, ndipo zotsatira zake zingatheke bwanji ku thrombosis.

Chithandizo

Pochiza thromboembolism, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo opaleshoni imathandizidwanso. Pamene mankhwala atchulidwa antiticoagulants, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni, njira zothandizira mavitamini, embobectomy ndi thrombectomy zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kutsekedwa kwa mitsempha ya chikazi

Kupanga kwapadera kwa mitsempha ndi kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa magazi m'magazi a distal ndi thrombus kapena embolus. Matendawa amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa aorta, kutulukira kwa magazi kumasokonezeka, komwe kumapanganso kupanga mapangidwe owonjezera. Njirayi ingaphatikizepo zothandizana nazo, thrombus ikhoza kufalikira ngakhale kumatendawa. Matendawa amatha kusinthidwa kwa maola 3-6 kuchokera pamene akuoneka. Kumapeto kwa nthawi ino, deep ischemia imatsogolera m'tsogolo kuti zisinthe zosasintha.