4 Ivan kusintha

Ivan Grozny anali wolamulira zodabwitsa Russia. Ochepa kumatha maganizo mwa iye, monga mfumu, wankhanza. Izi mbali ya khalidwe lake anaikidwa paubwana: Ivan bambo ake anamwalira ndi amake, anali kuyang'aniridwa ndi boyars, amene anali kumenyana mphamvu. 4 Ivan kusintha wakhala mbali ya mbiri ya dzikoli ndipo chinali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano mu mbiri.

Pamene mfumu boma kuthamanga oyambirira mwana, mayi ake, mkazi wake Basil 3 - Elena Glinskaya. Atamwalira, mfumu wamng'ono anali pansi pa mothandizidwa boyars, amene anafuna lingasinthe Ivan ndi kulanda mphamvu. Pa zaka 17 zakubadwa, Ivan amakhala 4: kukwatira Anastasia Romanova. Ndiye Ivan amatenga mutu wachifumu Mfundo Cathedral, ili mu Moscow Kremlin.

Kusintha kwa Ivan 4 akhoza kugawidwa m'mbali ziwiri, akuti:

1. Kusintha osankhidwa osangalala.

2. Oprichnina.

Mu 1540s mochedwa mozungulira mfumu wamng'ono zinapanga bwalo wake wa mabwenzi apamtima ndipo akuphunzitsa, amene anayamba kutchedwa osankhidwa Rada. Mpheroyi: A.Adashev, A.Kurbsky, Sylvester ndi Macarius. Mu nthawi yoyamba ya kusintha Ivan 4 mwachidule za iwo adzalembedwa pansipa, zogwirizana ndi lolunjika pa kulimbikitsa boma ndi dziko lankhondo lamphamvu. Osankhidwa Rada inachitika:

• Kusintha kwa BOMA (kulenga malamulo - latsopano chapakati boma);
• kukhazikitsa latsopano Sudebnik Ivan 4 (1550);
• kusintha mpingo (kuitana akulu mpingo);
• kusintha asilikali Ivan 4 (chilengedwe cha asilikali watsopano okhazikika amatchedwa "Royal", kumayambiriro Code wa Service);
• kusintha msonkho (anayambitsa yunifolomu ya dongosolo msonkho lonse dziko - tidakocheza);
• kusintha a m'dera wodzilamulira (chilengedwe cha matupi chenjezo kuthana ndi mavuto mwamsanga, malamulo onse mkati ndi kunja - Zemsky Sobor, chiyembekezo chakuti mbali yofunika ya ulamuliro Russian - kudya).

Kuchiyambi chachikulu cha ulamuliro linathyoka mu 1553, pamene tinayamba kusiyana pakati pa mfumu ndi coterie wake. Chifukwa cha - kugwa kwa Anasankha wokondwa. Patatha zaka 10 ku mbali ya Zitsulo kuthawa yabwino bwenzi Ivana Groznogo - Andrei Kurbsky. Zimenezi n'zimene kwathunthu afooketse chiyembekezo onse a mfumu, ndipo adzalengeza chiyambi cha oprichnina lapansi. Oprichnina - mantha kwa nthawi Ivana Groznogo, amene analengezeratu pa wapadera achifumu cholowa (nthaka).

Oprichnina akukonza Suzdal, Mozhaisk ndi Vyazma ndi zina mudzi pafupi. Ivan 4 kusintha asiya ntchito, palibe kuyesayesa zambiri zisinthe apangidwa.

Oprichnina anapitiriza choopa anthu a zaka 7 watha, kenako chinathetsedwa. 4 Ivan analamula anthu onse amene anachita nawo mantha wake.

Dziwani kuti ndawala wamagazi ndi Novgorod chinapangidwa pa nthawi imeneyi.

Kusintha kwa Ivan 4 mu nthawi yoyamba ya ulamuliro wake anathandiza kulimbitsa ndi boma chapakati ndi mphamvu ya mfumu kuti analimbikitsidwa lankhondo lamphamvu la dziko lonse, iwo "anapereka" Russian ambiri malamulo ndi ulamuliro wamkulu - ndi Zemsky Sobor.

Choncho, kusintha onse Ivan 4 chinathandiza chilengedwe mafumu malo-womuimira.